ALK Psych 340 Ch 10 – Flashcards
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Aggression
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physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm
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Instrumental Aggression
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aggression with a means to some other end ex) boxing match/defending yourself or others
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____Aggression springs from anger and its only goal is to injure
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Hostile Aggression
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Aggression as a Biological Phenomenon
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*instinct theory and evolutionary psych (innate) *neural influences (abnormal brains contribute to abnormally aggressive behavior) *Genetic influences (temparment influenced by sympathetic nervous systems reactivity)
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Studies of hormonal influences on aggression has indicated that
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after age 25, testosterone and rates of violent crime decrease together
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study of neural influences on aggression has indicated that
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activating the amygdala can facilitate aggressive outbursts in humans
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Sigmund Freud argued that aggression ultimately springs from
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a primitive death urge
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Biochemical Influences
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*Alcohol *testosterone (positive correlations) * Low serotonin = more violent
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Frustration
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blocking of goal-directed behavior
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Frustation-Aggression Theory
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frustration produces anger (emotional readiness to aggress) displacement-- theory to explain hostile aggression
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The perception that one is less well off than others is referred to as
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relative deprivation (explains why happiness tends to be lower and crime rates higher in communities with large income inequality)
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A person kicking the wall after losing a game of poker is an example of
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displacement -- frustration triggers a readiness to aggress
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Social Learning Theory
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aggression as a learned social behavior-we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and being rewarded and punished (ex) bullies
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In a famous experiment by albert bandura and colleagues, kids watched an adult attack a bobo doll w/ a mallet they were shown some toys they were forbidden to play with, when they were taken to another room, they
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attacked a bobo doll
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Aversive incidents
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influences on aggression: physical/physiological pain; heat/uncomfortable elements, attacks/insults
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In the view of research on the pain-attack repsonse, Berkowitz ('98) now believes that ___ is the basic trigger of hostile aggression
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aversive stimulation
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violent crimes are more likely to be committed
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when the weather is hot
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which of the following has been found to be an effect of sexual violence in movies and television?
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men have become more accepting of violence against women
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The ____ view of aggression is that aggressive drive is reduced when one "releases" aggressive energy
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Cathartic
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Gallup youth surveys show that the percentage of 13-17 year old's feeling that there is too much violence has
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decreased (desensitization)
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repeated violent game playing leads to
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aggressive beliefs/attitudes, perceptions, expectations, behavior scripts, desensitization which leads to aggressive behavior; increases arousal, aggressive feelings/ thinking which decreases prosocial behaviors
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Research indicates that by the turn of the century the avg. boy was playing video games for ___ hours a week
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12
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Research confirms that groups
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can amplify aggressive tendencies
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Which of the following statements about aggression is false
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repeatedly playing violent video games does not increase aggressive thinking
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Social Contagion
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one person does it others do it
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Some of the ways we can reduce aggression were listed in the text summary. Which ofn the following is not one of the ways
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expressing aggression by catharsis tends to decrease aggression
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Catharsis
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get your own impulses out just by seeing it; actually tends to breed further aggression
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Social Learning Approach
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controlling aggression by counteracting the factors that provoke it (reducing aversive stimulation, rewarding non aggression, modeling non aggression, eliciting reactions incompatible with aggression)
