Algebra II Vocabulary – Flashcards
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axis of symmetry
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the line that divides a figure into two parts that are mirror images
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binomial
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a polynomial of two terms
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coefficient
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the numerical factor in a term
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complex conjugates
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number pairs of the form a + bi and a - bi
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complex number
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the real numbers AND the imaginary numbers
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conjugate
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number pairs where the sign of the radicals or the imaginary numbers are opposites
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constant
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a quantity whose value does not change
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constant function
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a function of the form y = a where a is a real number
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constant term
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a term with no variables
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correlation
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the strength of a relationship between two data sets
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cubic function
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a polynomial function with the highest power being three
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degree
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the highest power found in a polynomial
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dependent variable
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the output values in a function (usually y)
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determinant
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in a square matrix it is a real number describing the matrix determined by ad - bc in a 2x2 matrix
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discriminant
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the value of the expression b^2 - 4ac for a quadratic equation
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domain
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the set of all inputs in a relation (usually x)
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end behavior
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the directions of a graph as you move away from the origin
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equation
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a statement that two algebraic expressions are equal
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evaluate
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determining the arithmetic value of an expression by substituting number values for the variables
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expression
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a mathematical phrase which contains one or more variables
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factor (n)
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one of two or more numbers or expressions that when multiplied together produce a given result
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factor (v)
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rewriting an expression as the product of its factors
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function
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a relation in which each element in the domain corresponds with exactly one element in the range
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greatest common factor
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the common factor of each term of an expression that has the greatest coefficient and the greatest exponent
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horizontal
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parallel to the ground
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imaginary number
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any number of the form a + bi, where a and be are real numbers, b is not equal to zero, and I is the square root of -1
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independent variable
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the input values of a function (usually x)
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inequality
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a statement that two algebraic expressions are related but not equal
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integer
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one of the positive or negative whole numbers or zero
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leading coefficient
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the coefficient of the term of highest degree in a polynomial
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linear function
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a function whose graph is a line where the dependent variable is not raised to a power
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matrix
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a rectangular array of numbers written within brackets
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model
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a representation of a real life situation using an equation or graph
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monomial
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a polynomial of one term
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multiplicity
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the number of times a linear factor is repeated in the factored form of a polynomial
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nature of the roots
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the type of roots (real, rational, or imaginary) found in a polynomial
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non-integer
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any number which cannot be expressed as a whole number or zero
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ordered pair
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representation of a point in the co-ordinate plane of the form (x,y)
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parabola
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the shape of the graph of a quadratic function
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parallel
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lines which do not intersect and have the same slope
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parent function
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the simplest form of a set of functions which form a family
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perpendicular
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lines which meet to form right angles and whose slopes are opposite reciprocals
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polynomial
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an expression consisting of the sum of one or more terms in which each is the product of a constant and a variable raised to an integer power
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quadratic formula
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x = (-b +/- √ b^2 - 4ac) / (2a) which gives the solution to a quadratic equation
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quadratic function
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a function that can be written as f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c with a not equal to zero
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quartic function
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a polynomial function of degree four
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quintic function
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a polynomial function of degree five
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range
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the set of all outputs of a relation (usually y)
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rate of change
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change in one variable with respect to another; slope
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rational number
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a number which can be expressed exactly as the ratio of two integers
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real number
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a non-imaginary number
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reflection
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flip of a graph across an axis or a line
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relation
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a set of ordered pairs
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relative maximum
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the value of a function at an up-to-down turning point (top)
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relative minimum
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the value of a function at a down-to-up turning point (bottom)
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root
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any value which makes the value of a function equal to zero; f(x) = 0
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simplify
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to make less complex by distribution, reducing, combining like terms, etc.
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slope
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ratio of vertical change to horizontal change in a non-vertical line; change in y over change in x
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solution of a system
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a set of values for the variables that makes all the equations true
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standard form of a polynomial
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a polynomial with the terms arranged with the powers in descending order
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system
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a set of two or more equations using the same variables
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transformation
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a change made to the values of a function which translates, reflects, rotates or dilates a graph of the function
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translation
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the shift of a graph of a function horizontally, vertically or both
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trinomial
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a polynomial of three terms
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turning point
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a point where the graph of a function changes direction
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variable
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a symbol, usually a letter, that represents one or more numbers
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vertex of a parabola
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the point where the graph of a quadratic reaches its minimum or maximum value
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vertical
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perpendicular to the horizon
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vertical compression
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a reduction of all y-values of a function by a factor between 0 and 1
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vertical stretch
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a multiplication of all y-values of a function by a factor greater than 1
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x-intercept
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a point at which a graph of a function crosses the x-axis
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y-intercept
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a point at which a graph of a function crosses the y-axis
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zero of a function
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any value of x for which f(x) = 0
