Agriculture Practice Test – Flashcards
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What agricultural system is still practiced in very isolated areas with very small groups of people today? (A) Livestock ranching (B) Plantation agriculture (C) Commercial grain farming (D) Shifting cultivation (E) Hunting & gathering
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e
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According to geographer Carl Sauer, where is the original agricultural hearth? (A) East Africa (B) Mesoamerica (C) Mesopotamia (D) Southern Europe (E) Southeast Asia
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e
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Vegetative planting (also known as root cropping) is known for (A) cultivation of seeds. (B) large-scale grain farming. (C) cutting/dividing roots. (D) commercial agriculture. (E) dairy farming.
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c
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Mining, fishing, agriculture, forestry are all part of the (A) primary sector. (B) secondary sector. (C) tertiary sector. (D) quaternary sector. (E) quinary sector.
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a
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Modern agribusiness is known to be (A) commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. (B) agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm. (C) the deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. (D) agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family. (E) the cultivation of aquatic organisms especially for food.
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a
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Livestock ranching is (A) the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. (B) the raising of domesticated animals for the production of meat and other byproducts such as leather and wool. (C) A form of agriculture characterized by low inputs of labor per unit of land area. Two dominant systems are nomadic herding and shifting cultivation. (D) a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. (E) a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
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b
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von Thünen's agricultural land use model assumes (A) there is a flat isotopic plane. (B) there are uniform soils across the landscape. (C) there are no physical features present, such as rivers or mountains. (D) all goods use the same form of transportation. (E) all of the above.
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e
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All of the following are areas in the United States most susceptible to losing prime agricultural land except (A) California's Central Valley. (B) the Chicago-Milwaukee-Madison triangle. (C) coastal California. (D) South Florida. (E) all of the above.
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a
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Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides. (A) Neolithic Revolution (B) Sustainable agriculture (C) Green Revolution (D) Luxury crops (E) Genetically Modified Organisms
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b
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1st Agricultural Revolution that took place approximately 12,000 years ago when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. (A) Neolithic Revolution (B) Sustainable agriculture (C) Green Revolution (D) Luxury crops (E) Genetically Modified Organism
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a
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All of the following are forms of commercial agriculture EXCEPT (A) dairying. (B) large-scale grain farming. (C) pastoral nomadism. (D) plantation agriculture. (E) livestock ranching.
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c
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Which type of agriculture is found primarily in developing countries? (A) Nomadic pastoralism (B) Plantation (C) Shifting cultivation (D) Intensive wet rice farming (E) All of the above
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e
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Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, mixed crop and livestock agriculture would be located in (A) New England. (B) the Midwest. (C) the Pacific Northwest. (D) southeastern states. (E) Great Plains.
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e
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Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume London, England, and Paris, France, is the single market for Europe. Dairy agriculture would be located in (A) southern England. (B) Scandinavia. (C) southern Spain. (D) the steppes of Russia. (E) Hungary.
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a
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Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume London, England, and Paris, France, is the single market for Europe. Extensive grain farming would take place in (A) southern England. (B) Mediterranean France. (C) Italy. (D) the steppes of Russia. (E) the Benelux countrie
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b
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Which of the following is characteristic of commercial agriculture? (A) A heavy reliance on machinery. (B) The average size of farms is hundreds of acres. (C) The product is consumed off the farm. (D) A small percentage of the workforce is engaged directly in agriculture. (E) All of the above
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e
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Slash-and-burn agriculture is most commonly found in which climate region? (A) Low-latitude (B) Warm temperate (C) Dry (D) Polar (E) Mid-latitude
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a
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Nomadic pastoralism is most commonly found in which climate region? (A) Low-latitude (B) Warm temperate (C) Dry (D) Polar (E) Mid-latitude
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c
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Subsistence agriculture is characterized as (A) commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. (B) agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm. (C) the deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. (D) agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family. (E) the cultivation of aquatic organisms especially for food.
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d
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The percentage of the labor force in the United States that works directly in agriculture is (A) ~5%. (B) ~10%. (C) ~15%. (D) ~20%. (E) ~25%.
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a
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Agriculture can be defined as (A) commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. (B) agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm. (C) the deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. (D) agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family. (E) the cultivation of aquatic organisms especially for food.
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c
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Prior to the industrialization of agriculture and the trend towards monocrops, most farms in the upper Midwest were (A) mixed crop and livestock. (B) focused on growing only grains. (C) intensive subsistence operations. (D) engaged in market gardening. (E) outside the milkshed.
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c
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Which of the following is true for shifting cultivation and nomadic pastoralism? (A) They are both extensive (B) They are both commercial forms of agriculture (C) They are both intensive (D) Together, they occupy the largest percentage of the earth's land area. (E) Both A and D
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e
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Which of the following is true of intensive subsistence agriculture? (A) It is widely practiced in East Asia. (B) It employs the largest percentage of world's agricultural workforce. (C) It is widely practiced in South Asia. (D) Both B and C (E) All of the above
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e
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What is one criticism of shifting cultivation as an agricultural practice? (A) It destroys natural resources such as forests (B) It constantly requires new land (C) It upsets the ecology (D) It consumes a lot of land to feed a small number of people (E) All of the above
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e
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According to Carl Sauer, all of the following BUT WHICH is true about plant domestication? (A) It developed out of hunter-gather groups who were not nomadic. (B) It first occurred in diversified habitats with a variety of species. (C) It was developed by farmers who were not starving or desperate for food. (D) It owes its origins to the domestication of animals. (E) It developed in Southeast Asia 14,000 years ago.
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c
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What is the biggest reason why "non-wet rice" areas cannot grow rice? (A) Cultural preference (B) Tradition (C) Climate (D) Soil (E) Government subsidies
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c
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The United States is the largest producer of (A) commercial grain. (B) corn. (C) grain. (D) cereal grains. (E) wheat.
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b
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Extensive subsistence agriculture is (A) the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. (B) the raising of domesticated animals for the production of meat and other byproducts such as leather and wool. (C) A form of agriculture characterized by low inputs of labor per unit of land area. Two dominant systems are nomadic herding and shifting cultivation. (D) a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. (E) a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
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c
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Herders who seasonally move their animals between mountain pastures and lowland valleys practice (A) transhumance. (B) seasonal variation. (C) swidden agriculture. (D) livestock ranching. (E) extensive subsistence agriculture.
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a
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Which of the following are characteristics of agriculture in MDCs? (A) Reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides (B) Use of machinery (C) Large farms (D) Use of crossbred and genetically modified seeds (E) All of the above
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e
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All of the following are types of subsistence agriculture EXCEPT (A) nomadic herding of domesticated animals. (B) livestock ranching. (C) slash-and-burn agriculture. (D) swidden agriculture. (E) intensive wet rice farming.
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b
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As distance increases from a milk processing plant, (A) the amount of fresh milk increases, due to greater number of cows in rural areas. (B) the amount of fresh milk decreases, due the fact that milk is more perishable than butter and cheese. (C) the amount of fresh milk decreases, due to overconsumption by city-dwellers. (D) the amount of fresh milk increases, due to greater demand amongst farmers. (E) the amount of fresh milk decreases, due to the fact that transport costs are greater farther from the urban area.
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b
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Farmers in relatively developed struggle with which of the following problems? (A) Access to fertilizers (B) Inadequate income (C) Lack of equipment (D) Too few employees (E) Access to markets
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b
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Nomadic pastoralism is practiced in a climate region most similar to that of which other type of agriculture? (A) Dairying (B) Grain (C) Livestock ranching (D) Shifting cultivation (E) Mediterranean
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c
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Farmers in developing countries struggle with which of the following problems? (A) Access to fertilizers (B) Inadequate income (C) Lack of equipment (D) Access to markets (E) All of the above
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e
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A rural settlement where most buildings are found in a small and concentrated setting is known as (A) Urban place (B) Linear settlement (C) Dispersed homesteads (D) Clustered village (E) Metes and bound village
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a
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Which of the following is NOT a major grain exporter? (A) USA (B) France (C) Argentina (D) India (E) Australia
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e
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The Neolithic Revolution saw humans shift from _______ to agriculture. (A) shifting cultivation (B) hunting and gathering (C) pastoral nomadism (D) hunting big game animals (E) slash and burn cultivation techniques
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b
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The expansion of desert-like conditions caused by human actions is known as (A) wetland destruction. (B) terracing. (C) desertification. (D) aquifer degradation. (E) irrigation.
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c
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All of the following are farm subsidies EXCEPT (A) giving farmers a minimum price for their product regardless of market conditions. (B) giving farmers tax breaks if they meet production quotas. (C) establishing import barriers on imported products. (D) paying farmers not to produce more than a certain quantity of a particular crop. (E) giving farmers special tax incentives for conservation efforts.
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c
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Which of the following was an advantage of domesticating animals? (A) Animals provided meat. (B) Animals were beasts of burden. (C) Animals provided milk. (D) Animals provided furs and skins. (E) All of the above.
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e
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Where is market gardening growing dramatically in the U.S.? (A) Midwest (B) Southwest (C) Corn Belt (D) West (E) New England
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d
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What invention was developed in response to the commercial herding of cattle? (A) Barbed wire (B) Cattle collars (C) Railroads (D) Guns (E) Fences
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a
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Which of the following is a factor that contributes to the type of crop that is grown on a farm? (A) Climate (B) Cultural food taboos (C) Distance to the market (D) Level of development of the country (E) All of the above
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e
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The map above represents what agricultural practice? (A) Commercial grain farming (B) Dairying (C) Livestock ranching (D) Mediterranean (E) Market gardening
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a
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Corn (maize) was first domesticated in (A) Northern China. (B) Southeast Asia. (C) East Africa. (D) Mesoamerica. (E) Mesopotamia.
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d
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In which world region would hog ranching not contribute significantly to the region's agricultural output? (A) The United States Midwest (B) Southeast Asia (C) Western Europe (D) The Middle East (E) China
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d
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Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco. (A) Neolithic Revolution (B) Sustainable agriculture (C) Green Revolution (D) Luxury crops (E) Genetically Modified Organisms
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d
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All of the following BUT WHICH were hearths of early agriculture (A) Southeast Asia (B) Middle East (C) Mesoamerica (D) Midwest U.S. (E) East Africa
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d
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Which of the following is true of slash-and-burn agriculture. (A) It creates long-term productive farmland. (B) It leads to a shift to animal raising. (C) It has contributed to an increase in the size of the ozone hole. (D) It has created more efficient commercial forestry. (E) It has contributed to large-scale immigration.
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c
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What types of rural settlement pattern is found in areas of the U.S. that were originally colonized by the French? (A) Nucleated settlements (B) Metes and bounds. (C) A dispersed settlement. (D) Long-lot system. (E) Township and Range.
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d
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Who directly contradicted the claims made by Thomas Malthus? (A) von Thünen. (B) Neo-Malthusians (C) Boserup (D) Karl Marx (E) Carl Sauer
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c
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The land division system most responsible for dispersed rural settlements in many parts of the United States is the (A) long lot system. (B) township and range system. (C) metes and bounds system. (D) enclosure movement. (E) none of the above.
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b
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Township and range land division system most closely resembles what type of geometric pattern on the landscape? (A) Linear. (B) Circular. (C) Square. (D) Rectangular. (E) None of the above.
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c
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The region of the world that benefited the least from the Green Revolution was (A) South Asia. (B) East Asia. (C) South America. (D) Sub-Saharan Africa. (E) Central America.
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d
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Which of the following are negative consequences of the Green Revolution in India? (A) It increased environmental damage due to the increased use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. (B) It increased interregional migration. (C) It increased the gap between wealthy and poor farmers. (D) All of the above. (E) A and B only.
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d
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Which of the following is associated the so-called 2nd agricultural revolution? (A) New fertilizers (B) Crop rotation methods (C) Seed drill (D) Horse collar (E) All of the above
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e
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Physiological density is defined as (A) the number of farmers as compared to the total population. (B) the number of people compared to total land area. (C) the number of people compared to arable land. (D) the number of farms compared to the total land area. (E) the average farm production compared to arable land.
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c
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The map above represents what agricultural practice? (A) Commercial grain farming (B) Dairying (C) Nomadic herding (D) Horticulture (E) Slash-and-burn agriculture
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c
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Cost of land and cost of transportation were the major components of __________'s model. (A) Boserup (B) Malthus (C) von Thünen (D) Carl Sauer (E) Norman Borlaug
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c
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Intensive rice farming requires (A) plentiful labor. (B) cold winters. (C) integration of markets. (D) abundant water. (E) rocky soil.
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d
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What type of agriculture is characterized by production only for family consumption? (A) Commercial agriculture (B) Horticulture (C) Market gardening (D) Plantation (E) Subsistence
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e
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All of the following contained hearths of agriculture EXCEPT (A) Europe (B) Asia (C) Africa (D) South America (E) Middle America
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e
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Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. (A) Neolithic Revolution (B) Sustainable agriculture (C) Green Revolution (D) Luxury crops (E) Genetically Modified Organisms
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c
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Plants and animals whose DNA has been genetically modified, often through combination of DNA from a similar plant or animal species. (A) Neolithic Revolution (B) Sustainable agriculture (C) Green Revolution (D) Luxury crops (E) Genetically Modified Organisms
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e
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Globalization impacts dairy farming in all of the following ways except (A) increased the use of feedlots. (B) increased the percentage of ownership in fewer hands. (C) increased the use of mechanization in dairy operations. (D) increased the size of farms. (E) increased the number of dairy cattle in the United States and the U.K.
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e
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Boserup's basic thesis with respect to population growth in cultures that practiced subsistence agriculture was that (A) population increase would decimate local resources. (B) population increase would be accompanied by an increase in how intensely land would be used. (C) population increase would become unsustainable. (D) population increase would lead to out-migration. (E) population increase would lead to competition for limited resources.
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b
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Today circular rural settlements are most commonly associated with (A) Sub-Saharan Africa. (B) Southeast Asia. (C) Latin America. (D) Central America. (E) the Middle East.
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a
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The linear agricultural land use pattern commonly found in Quebec and Louisiana is (A) the long lot system. (B) the range and township land survey system. (C) the metes and bounds land ownership method. (D) a result of the Enclosure Movement. (E) none of the above.
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a
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What two major world events coincided to increase agriculture production and overall world production? (A) the Enlightenment and the Neolithic Revolution (B) the Second Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution. (C) the Berlin Conference and World War I (D) the American Revolution and the Industrial Revolution (E) the Green Revolution and World War II
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b
