Agriculture Questions And Answers – Flashcards
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| Agribusiness |
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| Agribusiness-commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually though ownership by large corporations |
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| Agriculture |
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| Agriculture-the deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain |
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| Cereal grain |
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| Cereal grain-a grass yielding grain for food |
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| Chaff |
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| Chaff- husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing |
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| Combine |
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| Combine- a machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field |
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| Commercial agriculture |
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| Commercial agriculture- agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm |
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| Crop |
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| Crop- grain or fruit gathered from a field as harvest during a particular season |
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| Crop rotation |
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| Crop rotation- the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil |
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| Desertification |
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| Desertification- degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting |
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| Double cropping |
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| Double cropping- harvesting twice a year from the same field |
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| Grain |
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| Grain- seed of a cereal grass |
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| Green revolution |
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| Green revolution- rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers |
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| Horticulture |
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| Horticulture- the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers |
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| Hull |
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| Hull-the outer covering of a seed |
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| Intensive subsistence agriculture |
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| Intensive subsistence agriculture- a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land |
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| Milkshed |
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| Milkshed- the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied |
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| Paddy |
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| Paddy- Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a Sawah |
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| Pastoral nomadism |
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| Pastoral nomadism- a form of subsistence agriculture based on heading domesticated animals |
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| Pasture |
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| Pasture- grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing |
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| Plantation |
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| Plantation- a large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country |
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| Prime agricultural land |
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| Prime agricultural land- the most productive farmland |
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| Ranching |
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| Ranching-a from of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area |
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| Reaper |
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| Reaper- a machine that cuts grain standing in the field |
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| Ridge tillage |
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| Ridge tillage- system of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation |
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| Sawah |
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| Sawah- a flooded field for growing rice |
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| Seed agriculture |
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| Seed agriculture- reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization |
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| Slash-and-burn agriculture |
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| Slash-and-burn agriculture- another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris |
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| Shifting cultivation |
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| Shifting cultivation- a from of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field o another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period |
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| Spring wheat |
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| Spring wheat- wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer |
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| Subsistence agriculture |
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| Subsistence agriculture- agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family |
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| Sustainable agriculture |
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| Sustainable agriculture- farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides |
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| Swidden |
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| Swidden- a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning |
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| Thresh |
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| Thresh- to beat out grain from stalks by tramping it |
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| Transhumance |
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| Transhumance- the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures |
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| Truck farming |
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| Truck farming- commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities |
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| Vegetative planting |
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| Vegetative planting- reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants |
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| Wet rice |
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| Wet rice- rice planted on dry land in a nursery, and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth |
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| Winnow |
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| Winnow- to remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind |
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| Winter wheat |
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| Winter wheat- wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer |
