Ag Leadership Unit 4 – Flashcards
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The adapted child is a person who acts and feels like an uninhibited and unsocialized child.
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FALSE
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The marketing personality is characterized as conforming and aligns itself with the right people and situations.
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TRUE
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Freud's personality types include all of the following except
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marketing
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Childhood and adolescent experiences are reflected in paternalistic patterns of leadership and management.
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TRUE
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According to Eric Berne, how many ego states are there?
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3
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The psychodynamic approach has its roots in the work of Freud and Jung.
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TRUE
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Which scholar used the concept of social character to look at leadership in terms of the psychology of followers?
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Jung (incorrect)
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The interactive social character emphasizes stability, organizational loyalty, and autonomy.
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FALSE
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The child ego state includes thinking, feeling, and behaving as one did as a child.
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TRUE
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Transactional analysis focuses only on the individual.
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FALSE
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According to Maccoby, how has followership changed in recent times?
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Parental models of authority have decreased in importance.
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The personality type that Erich Fromm added to Freud's work was
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manager (incorrect)
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The psychodynamic approach is criticized for all of these reasons except
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It is not universal in scope
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Who created four dimensions (e.g., where a person derives her or his energy) that are important in assessing personality?
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jung
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Social character is a way of looking at leadership
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As being created within a social community.
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Which scholar(s) developed a matrix showing how Jung's personality types relate to leadership strengths and weaknesses?
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Kroeger and Theusen
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Which of the following is not true, according to the psychodynamic approach?
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Leaders should undergo psychoanalysis
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According to Berne, a leader who acts like an adult is likely to get which state in reaction:
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adult
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Key elements of a productive person when considering personality types include all of these except
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Individualized or maternalistic
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According to Berne's theory, the leader who acts like a parent is likely to get which state in reaction?
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child
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A strength of the psychodynamic approach is that it discourages manipulative techniques in leadership.
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TRUE
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For leaders, McGrath's critical leadership functions do not include which type of group leadership function?
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Negating remedial action
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Team leadership research started focusing on more than just outcomes in the
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1990s
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McGrath describes diagnosing group deficiencies as part of
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Monitoring/internal.
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Liz is a team leader at a local grocery store. Recently, her boss said that she needs to address the negative attitudes of employees. To try and fix this problem, she has begun awarding gift-cards to employees who have great attitudes. What internal leadership intervention is Liz addressing?
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Goal focusing
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According to team leadership theory, the leader is primarily
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A medium for processing information.
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Leader effectiveness should be assessed along with team effectiveness in the team leadership model.
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TRUE
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Leadership decisions include all of the following except
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Overt or covert
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Flatter organizations refer to the trend of shifting decision-making powers upward in the organizational hierarchy.
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FALSE
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A mistake commonly made is to call a work group a "team" but treat it as a collection of individuals.
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TRUE
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Internal relational leadership actions include all of these except
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Networking and forming alliances.
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According to McGrath, "taking remedial action" is part of
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Executive action/internal.
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What model attempts to integrate mediation and monitoring concepts with team effectiveness?
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Team leadership model
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Forecasting environmental changes fits into what quadrant of the critical leadership functions?
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Monitor/external
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What scholar(s) provided grounded research support for the group effectiveness approach?
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Hackman and Walton
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Networking and advocating are examples of external team leadership actions.
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TRUE
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Characteristics of team effectiveness include all of the following except
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Relationship-driven structure
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What scholar(s) studied real-life successful teams and found eight characteristics that were consistently associated with team excellence?
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Larson and LaFasto
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The team leadership model puts who or what in the driver's seat of team effectiveness?
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Leadership
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Hill's model for team leadership suggests what number of leadership decisions a leader must make before taking leadership actions?
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3
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Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of team excellence, according to Larson and LaFasto:
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Authoritative leadership.
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Most experts agree that team leadership is a simple process.
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FALSE
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The functional perspective on group leadership contends that the leader has a special responsibility to do whatever is necessary to meet the needs of the group.
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TRUE
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External leadership actions include:
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Environmental
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McGrath suggests preventing deleterious changes as part of
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Executive action/external
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Team leadership capacity includes shared leadership and encompasses the entire team.
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TRUE
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Meta-analysis shows that women are substantially more effective than men in middle management positions.
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TRUE
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Dora is in charge of the third-shift cashiers at 24-hour superstore. She has worked there for 5 years and recently found out there is an opportunity to make more money if she can move to the stock room and manage the employees there. Dora goes to her boss, Gary, and asks if she can be considered for the transfer and promotion. Gary tells Dora, "Sorry, we really need someone that can lift and throw stock around, so I'm going to give it to one of our guys." What advancement barrier is Dora facing?
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Gender stereotypes
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A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of female and male leaders found all of these except
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Men were more effective than women in government and education organizations.
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According to research, one way women can advance in leadership is
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By blending individualized consideration with inspirational motivation.
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The majority of organizational research applies equally well to people of all colors, abilities, and sexual orientations.
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FALSE
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Which of the following statements is true?
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Women make up 50% of people in managerial/professional positions (maybe)
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Which of the following leadership traits or skills is more likely to belong to men than to women?
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Authoritative
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Norma and Joel work in a legal firm. They both are aware of a potential promotion coming up soon. In the last project they did, Joel put most of the paperwork on Norma, and she gladly took on the extra workload. However, when their boss was complimenting the project, Norma let Joel take the credit and acted as if they both did the same amount of work. This is an example of what advancement barrier for Norma?
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Self-promotion
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Research shows that male leaders tend to have better developed social skills than female leaders.
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FALSE
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Which of the following is not listed as a gender difference in the leadership labyrinth?
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Cross-pressures
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Which of the following is not a cited reason for women's underrepresentation in leadership roles?
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Intelligence
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In 2008, what percentage of privately owned businesses were women-owned?
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40%
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When both genders use an autocratic, directive leadership style, females are evaluated differently than men.
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TRUE
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Due to researchers identifying problems with the term glass ceiling, an alternative metaphor now used is
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Glass escalator (incorrect)
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Studies have shown that men are less effective than women when they supervise a higher proportion of male subordinates.
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FALSE
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In the area of human capital differences, what is not true for women?
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They tend to self-select themselves out of leadership tracks
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According to research, when a woman leader encounters gender-leader stereotypes, her likely response
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Is to display a vulnerable response if the threats are combined
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What is not a result found by meta-analysis on characteristics and behaviors of female and male leaders?
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Women evaluated favorably when they used directive or autocratic styles
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In the 1970s, popular press reported
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Women were inferior to men when it came to leadership
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Many studies have shown that organizations often have higher standards of performance and effort for women.
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TRUE
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Research data suggests the glass ceiling is beginning to crack.
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TRUE
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Women are less likely than men to negotiate for what they want.
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FALSE
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Factor(s) that contribute to leadership effectiveness and rise of female leaders include all of the following except
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Higher effectiveness when the majority of subordinates are men
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According to research, which of the following is not a described level of promoting
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Governmental level
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The research on female and male leadership has generally tended to focus on establishing differences between women and men.
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TRUE
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A definition of culture does not include
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Individual qualities
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Prejudice is other-oriented rather than self-oriented.
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FALSE
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Diversity is an approach or system that concentrates on one culture.
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FALSE
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According to the text, the conceptualization of leadership used by GLOBE was derived in part from
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Implicit leadership theory.
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The cultural dimension in which organizations encourage and reward members for excellence is
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Performance orientation
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A strength of the GLOBE research study is that it includes ____ countries.
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62
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Hofstede's benchmark research identified six major dimensions on which cultures differ.
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TRUE
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According to the GLOBE study, which of these is not a cultural dimension?
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Division of labor
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How many "country clusters" did GLOBE focus its findings on?
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10
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Who is(are) the most referenced researcher(s), identifying five major dimensions on which cultures differ?
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Hofstede
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How many cultural dimensions did GLOBE researchers identify?
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9
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The GLOBE study identified only valued leadership attributes.
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FALSE
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A major factor in the need for increased cross-cultural awareness is
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Increase of globalization
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Global leadership behaviors include all of these except
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Self-directive leadership
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According to the Germanic culture cluster, the most desirable leadership behavior is
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Autonomous leadership
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What was an element that GLOBE used to create regional clusters?
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Common language
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Who researched culture and leadership resulting in the GLOBE research program?
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House et al.
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One of the GLOBE cultural dimensions, power distance, is defined as the degree to which members of a group favor strategic physical distance close to or away from others.
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FALSE
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Applications for culture and leadership do not include
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Help maximize profit within a locally owned and operated organization
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Global leaders need to be skilled in creating transcultural visions.
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TRUE
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According to the Anglo culture cluster, the least desirable leader behavior is
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Self-protective leadership
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According to GLOBE researchers, which of the following statements is false?
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The Latin Europe cluster places value on institutional collectivism and societal goals
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Universally undesirable leadership behaviors include all of the following except
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Explicit
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Globalization originated after the Vietnam War.
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FALSE
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Who developed five cross-cultural competencies for leaders?
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Adler and Bartholomew
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