question

True or false, anxiety and panic are inherently comorbid because the same gene is "turned on" for both disorders.

answer

False

question

True or false, anxiety is good for us, at least in moderate amounts.

answer

True

question

True or false, the primary diagnostic criterion of social anxiety disorder is an exaggerated shyness that results in an inability to interact in a social setting.

answer

False

question

Yes or no, are early and severe reactions to a traumatic event good predictors of who will go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder?

answer

No

question

True or false, obsessive-compulsive disorder involves an irrational fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual's ability to function.

answer

False

question

A ________ is an abrupt experience of intense fear or acute discomfort accompanied by physical symptoms, such as chest pain and shortness of breath.

answer

Panic attack

question

An ________ panic attack often occurs in certain situations but not anywhere else.

answer

Expected

question

Anxiety is associated with specific ________ (for example, behavioral inhibition system or fight/flight system) and ________ systems (for example, noradrenergic).(Choose two.)

answer

Brain circuits; neurotransmitter

question

The rates of ________ among anxiety and related disorders are high because they share the common features of anxiety and panic.

answer

Comorbidity

question

________ life events can trigger biological and psychological vulnerabilities to anxiety.

answer

Stressful

question

Although ______ can be described as the body's immediate reaction to danger, a ______ ______ can be considered a false alarm, because it is an immediate reaction that can occur even when no actual danger is present.

answer

Fear; panic attack

question

What kind of panic attack is Crystal having when they come in unpredictable settings?

answer

Unexpected panic attack

question

What kind of panic attack is James having when they come every time he is in church?

answer

Expected panic attack

question

According to research, what role do genes play in determining whether someone will develop an anxiety disorder?

answer

They can contribute to, but do not fully determine, whether an anxiety disorder will emerge

question

Most people with an anxiety disorder likely have both _______ and _______ vulnerabilities to anxiety

answer

Psychological; biological

question

One area of the brain often associated with anxiety is the limbic system. This is not surprising, inasmuch as the limbic system is known for what?

answer

Being activated by danger signals

question

Researchers now believe that anxiety disorders are caused by a blend of ______, _______, and _______ factors

answer

Psychological; biological; social

question

The human brain is wired for a fight-or-flight response to threatening stimuli, whereby the body is prepared to confront or run away from danger. When might the fight-or-fight response become problematic and potentially lead to an anxiety disorder?

answer

When it occurs in the absence of danger or perceived threat

question

Compared with a person who has both biological and psychological vulnerabilities to anxiety, an individual with only psychological vulnerabilities to anxiety is ____ likely to develop an anxiety disorder

answer

Less

question

Patients with anxiety or depressive disorders can be at risk for developing additional psychological disorders. Researchers have found that __% of the patients who are diagnosed with an anxiety or depressive disorder currently meet the criteria for at least one other anxiety or depressive disorder

answer

55%

question

Patients diagnosed with a psychological disorder will sometimes meet the criteria for other disorders. In one study, researchers found that, among patients with anxiety disorders, _____ ______ ______ was the most common co-occuring diagnosis

answer

Major depressive disorder

question

Patients with anxiety or depressive disorders can be at risk for developing additional psychological disorders. In one study, researchers found that __% of patients diagnosed with an anxiety or depressive disorder also suffered from another psychological disorder at some point in their lives.

answer

76%

question

______ includes apprehension about future events, whereas ______ is a sudden and intense fear response.

answer

Anxiety; panic

question

True or false, GAD is characterized by muscle tension, mental agitation, irritability, sleeping difficulties, and susceptibility to fatigue.

answer

True

question

True or false, most studies show that in the majority of cases of GAD, onset is early in adulthood as an immediate response to a life stressor.

answer

False

question

True or false, GAD is prevalent in the elderly and in females in our society.

answer

True

question

True or false, GAD has no genetic basis.

answer

False

question

True or false, cognitive-behavioral treatment and other psychological treatments for GAD are probably better than drug therapies in the long run.

answer

True

question

The focus of worry for a person with GAD is somewhat different from that of individuals with other anxiety disorders. Which of the following things might a person with GAD be excessively worried about?

answer

Making it to the bank before it closes; being on time for a dentist appointment

question

Which of the following statements about GAD is true?

answer

It is more common in women than men in developed countries and especially impairs the quality of life for the elderly

question

Charles has been diagnosed with GAD. There is a _____ likelihood that other members of Charles' family have a tendency to become _______

answer

Higher; anxious

question

What has research shown about treatments for GAD?

answer

In the long term, psychological treatments appear to be more effective than drug treatments

question

Worry is a characteristic feature of GAD, but worrying is also perfectly normal and often helpful. What is different about the worry found in GAD compared with the worry that we all experience?

answer

The worry is excessive and not in proportion to the actual risk

question

True or false, GAD is one of the most common anxiety disorders but is relatively rare in the general population

answer

True

question

Juanita has GAD. Based on what we know about the causes of GAD, it is likely that Juanita ______ mental images of potential threats, making it more difficult for her to _____ to the threats

answer

Avoids; adapt

question

What has research shown about treatments for GAD

answer

A key feature of psychological treatment is helping a client learn to confront and experience anxious feelings

question

The physical symptoms associated with GAD are somewhat different from those associated with panic attacks. What are the symptoms that are characteristic of GAD?

answer

Sleep disturbance; muscle tension; irritability

question

True or false, it is typically chronic and long-lasting, with a gradual onset

answer

True

question

Akshay was raised in a violent, unpredictable household by a father who was a drug dealer. Now, as a young adult, Akshay has been diagnosed with GAD. It is possible that Akshay's early experiences made him highly _____ to threats in general, which is often referred to as a generalized _______ vulnerability.

answer

Sensitive; psychological

question

What has research shown about treatments for GAD?

answer

Benzodiazepines are not recommended for long-term use

question

True or false, panic Disorder is a disorder in which an individual experiences anxiety and panic triggered by being in an "unsafe" situation

answer

False

question

True or false, about 40% of the population meets the criteria for panic disorder at some point in their lives.

answer

False

question

True or false, some individuals with panic disorder are suicidal, have nocturnal panic, and/or are agoraphobic.

answer

True

question

True or false, psychological treatments like PCT or CBT are highly effective for treating panic disorder.

answer

True

question

Many people with panic disorder also develop agoraphobia. Which of the following situations would a person with agoraphobia be least likely to avoid or feel anxious about?

answer

Watching TV at home with a close friend

question

Most people who suffer from nocturnal panic report that it occurs most often between _____ and ______

answer

1:30 AM; 3:30 AM

question

Many researchers believe that nocturnal panic is triggered by changes in the body's ______ _______ occurring during sleep

answer

Physical state

question

Which of the following is known to be an important contributing factor to the development of panic disorder?

answer

Tendency to interpret normal physical sensations in a catastrophic way

question

Although drugs can be effective in treating panic disorders, each type of drug can have unpleasant ______ ______ and the number of people who experience the disorder again after they stop taking their medication is ______

answer

Side effects; high

question

Different types of anxiety disorders can be distinguished, to some degree, by the focus of an individual's anxiety or worry. What is the focus of the anxiety and worry experienced by people with panic disorder?

answer

The next panic attack

question

Most instances of nocturnal panic occur during the ____ stage

answer

Deepest

question

Unlike patients suffering from sleep terrors, those with nocturnal panic typically remember the incident ______ in the morning

answer

Clearly

question

Which of the following is known to be an important contributing factor to the development of panic disorder?

answer

Tendency to interpret normal physical sensations in a catastrophic way

question

Based on research on the combined effects of drug and psychological treatments for panic disorders, it is advisable that ________ treatment be offered first, with ____ treatment provided for patients who do not respond well to the first type of treatment.

answer

Psychological; drug

question

In addition to developing anxiety about having another panic attack, what else do many individuals with panic disorder worry about?

answer

What the panic attack means or what its consequences might be

question

Roughly ___% of people with panic disorder have experienced nocturnal panic

answer

60%

question

Electroencephalograph recordings of these experiences has shown that they typically occur during _____ wave stages of sleep

answer

Delta

question

In panic control treatment, patients with panic disorder are exposed to ______ sensations that remind them of their ______ _______

answer

Physical; panic attacks

question

What phobia applies to the following situation: Mark had no friends at school and hid in the boys' bathroom during both lunch and recess. ________

answer

Social

question

What phobia applies to the following situation: Dennis fears and strenuously avoids storms. Not surprisingly, on his first oceangoing cruise, he found that deep water terrified him, too. ________

answer

Natural environment

question

What phobia applies to the following situation: Rita was comfortable at the zoo until the old terror gripped her at the insect display. ________

answer

Animal

question

What phobia applies to the following situation: John had to give up his dream of becoming a surgeon because he faints at the sight of blood. ________

answer

Blood-injury-injection

question

What phobia applies to the following situation: Rachel turned down several lucrative job offers that involved public speaking and took a low-paying desk job instead. ________

answer

Social

question

What phobia applies to the following situation: Farrah can't visit her rural friends because of her fear of snakes. ________

answer

Animal

question

Jared will not go downtown to visit his favorite café because of the chance that someone may walk his or her dog nearby. What kind of phobia does he have?

answer

Animal

question

Maria refused to attend her best friend's wedding in Hawaii because she couldn't stand the thought of traveling in a small airplane. What kind of phobia does he have?

answer

Situational

question

Mr. Stein will only live on the ground floor of apartment buildings because of his extreme fear of heights. What kind of phobia does he have?

answer

Natural environment

question

Eileen is highly fearful of owls. All of the following behaviors may be symptomatic of someone who is phobic, but which one is the best indicator that Eileen's fear of owls might be diagnosed as a specific phobia?

answer

Eileen resuses to leave her house after dark because there are trees in her yard and owls might nest there.

question

If Brian was attacked by a bear while camping as a child and now has bear phobia, for example, we would say that his phobia was acquired via ________ experience

answer

Direct

question

For individuals with blood-injury-injection phobia, special techniques must be used during exposure-based exercises to keep the individual from _______

answer

Fainting

question

Marissa refuses to take her son to the doctor's office because she may see a medical syringe there. What kind of phobia does she have?

answer

Blood-injury-injection

question

Carlos has an intense fear of being cut or scratched and often faints when he is scratched. When he moved in with his partner, he asked her to get rid of the rosebush in the front yard because he was afraid its thorns might scratch him. What could be one reason why Carlos has never sought treatment for his fear of being scratched?

answer

He is able to work around his phobia by avoiding rose bushes and other things that could potentially scratch him.

question

If Alison saw her father get mauled by a lion at the zoo and now has a lion phobia, for example, we would say that her phobia was acquired via _______ experience

answer

Vicarious

question

The key element of the recommended treatment for specific phobias is:

answer

Exposure-based exercises

question

Ginny turned down a lucrative job offer because the office was on the 36th floor of a skyscraper and she could not stand the thought of riding in an elevator every day. What kind of phobia does she have?

answer

Situational

question

Clancy is a long-time surfer who has seen a shark in the water on three different occasions while surfing. Each time, Clancy was terrified and suffered heart palpitations and shortness of breath. Nevertheless, he continues to surf while keeping a watchful eye out for sharks. What is one reason why Clancy would likely not be diagnosed with a shark phobia?

answer

His fear and reaction are not irrational or excessive, because seeing a shark while surfing is very dangerous and frightening

question

If Alyssa was constantly warned about the dangers of drowning as a child (but never experienced or observed a traumatic event in the water) and now has a water phobia, for example, we would say that her phobia was acquired via _______ ________

answer

Information transmission

question

Phobic individuals who attempt exposure-based exercises without therapeutic supervision can make phobia worse because they are more likely to escape the ______ _______

answer

Exposure situation

question

Although a person with social anxiety disorder may have difficult engaging in a certain activity in front of other people, he or she is often about to do that activity without difficulty ______ _____

answer

When alone

question

How is social anxiety disorder different from the other anxiety disorders?

answer

Social anxiety disorder occurs in men about as often as it does in women

question

Albert was recently diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. During his first therapy session, it was revealed that his parents always seem to be overly concerned and preoccupied with what others thought of him. This may have led to a specific psychological _________ to a social anxiety disorder for Albert.

answer

Vulnerability

question

Imagine that you are part of an interdisciplinary treatment team working with a client who has social anxiety disorder. If you are concerned about providing the most effective treatment for your client, which treatment should you choose?

answer

Clark's cognitive therapy

question

Erin gets very nervous when she has to speak in front of large groups but is required to do so for her career. She is not likely to be diagnosed with social anxiety disorder if she is able to engage in this behavior despite her __________

answer

Nervousness

question

Within which group of is social anxiety disorder known to be more prevalent?

answer

Young people

question

As a baby, Erin was very shy and socially inhibited around unfamiliar people. As an adult, Erin has been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Erin's experience as a baby suggests that she may have a generalized _______ vulnerability to social anxiety disorder

answer

Biological

question

Imagine that you are a part of an interdisciplinary treatment team working with a client who has social anxiety disorder. You would like to bolster the cognitive therapy treatment you are providing with medication. Based on the current evidence, which drug should prove to be most helpful?

answer

D-cycloserine

question

A person with social anxiety disorder is likely to be most anxious when others are present and ______ his or her performance

answer

Evaluating

question

True or false, social anxiety disorder usually begins in adolescence

answer

True

question

Brian has social anxiety disorder and tens to believe that stressful events are beyond his control. This tendency reflects a generalized ______ vulnerability to social anxiety disorder

answer

Psychological

question

Imagine that you are a part of an interdisciplinary treatment team working with a client who has social anxiety disorder. You know that the client will be able to receive the treatment (either psychological treatment or medication) for only several months before his or her health insurance runs out. If you are concerned about providing the most last impact for your client, which treatment should you choose?

answer

Cognitive group therapy

question

July witnessed a horrific tornado level her farm 3 weeks ago. Since then, she's had many flashbacks of the incident, trouble sleeping, and a fear of going outside in storms. What is the correct preliminary diagnosis for her?

answer

Acute stress disorder

question

Jack was involved in a car accident 6 weeks ago in which the driver of the other car was killed. Since then, Jack has been unable to get into a car because it brings back the horrible scene he witnessed. Nightmares of the incident haunt him and interfere with his sleep. He is irritable and has lost interest in his work and hobbies. What is the correct preliminary diagnosis for him?

answer

Acute post-traumatic stress disorder

question

Patricia was raped at the age of 17, 30 years ago. Just recently, she has been having flashbacks of the event, difficulty sleeping, and fear of sexual contact with her husband. What is the correct preliminary diagnosis for her?

answer

Delayed onset post-traumatic stress disorder

question

In order to understand how PTSD develops, researchers have examined the prevalence of the condition following large-scale traumatic events. What is one conclusion that psychologists have reached regarding PTSD?

answer

Direct or close proximity to a traumatic event may be necessary for developing PTSD.

question

Individuals who develop PTSD not only survive a traumatic event, they also reexperience the trauma through:

answer

Memories, nightmares, thoughts, etc.

question

Becky recently survived a tornado that destroyed her home and much of her town. Becky is more likely to develop PTSD if which of the following is also true?

answer

Becky grew up in a very stable, close-knit family.

question

Zach served in a combat role during the Gulf War in 1991. Recently, he has started having ﬂashbacks and troubling dreams about his time in Iraq. He makes excuses not to see his friends who also served there and is avoiding watching the news in case the newscaster mentions anything about war or ﬁghting. What disorder does he have?

answer

PTSD with delayed onset

question

Caroline has had trouble sleeping ever since she was hit by a car while riding her bicycle 8 weeks ago. Her friend repaired the bike for her, but she refuses to look at it and is avoiding her friend as well. Caroline has also changed the route she walks to work now to avoid the place where the accident happened. What disorder does she have?

answer

PTSD

question

Mr. Azinian's home and property were destroyed in a tornado just last week. Since then, he has had trouble sleeping, is extremely irritable, and goes to the storm shelter whenever there is any kind of storm or rain. What disorder does he have?

answer

Acute stress disorder

question

Megan was scuba diving six weeks ago when a wolf eel bit her arm. The bite severed an artery and she sustained major blood loss by the time she arrived at the hospital. Since then, Megan has fully recovered but does not want to go scuba diving anymore. Does she have PTSD?

answer

No

question

Which of the following is known to be useful for treating PTSD?

answer

Prescribing an SSRI (such as Prozac or Paxil)

question

In order to receive a diagnosis of PTSD, a person must have recollections of the traumatic event that are ________ and the symptoms must last at least __ month(s)

answer

Distressing; 1

question

What types of trauma have researchers found lead most often to PTSD?

answer

Sexual assault and kidnapping

question

Charles recently completed a tour of duty in the military that included extensive combat. Charles is more likely to develop PTSD if which of the following is also true?

answer

Charles tends to be anxious in general.

question

Dmitri was sexually abused when he was a child. His wife is 3 months pregnant and Dmitri has recently started having ﬂashbacks about the trauma during his childhood. He does not want to be around his wife and is reconsidering whether he wants to be a father at all. What condition does he have?

answer

PTSD w/ Delayed Onset

question

Ginny experienced an unplanned pregnancy and was pressured by her parents into having it terminated about six weeks ago. She has not slept well since then and, although she was not awake for the operation, she keeps having nightmares about the surgery. She has avoided all contact with her parents and will only go out after 10 pm. when most children are indoors. What condition does she have?

answer

PTSD

question

Rosa was raped when she was a teenager. Today, she volunteers for a nonproﬁt organization that provides a safe house for victims of domestic violence and rape. Rosa doesn't like talking about her past, but will do it in small amounts when she feels like it helps the women at the shelter. Does she have PTSD?

answer

No

question

Jim's home was broken into three weeks ago and his partner was wounded by the thief as he was escaping the house. Since then, Jim has had ﬂashbacks to the scene in which he watches his partner get stabbed, and he will not return to the house. What condition does he have?

answer

Acute Stress Disorder

question

Which of the following is known to be useful for treating PTSD?

answer

Providing a series of structured interventions soon after the trauma

question

Symptoms of PTSD such as trouble sleeping and difﬁculty concentrating are generally due to ________

answer

Overarousal

question

After the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, researchers learned that those living within a mile or so of the World Trade Center were more likely to develop PTSD than residents of Manhattan who lived several miles away. Why do psychologists suppose this is so?

answer

Those living farther away were probably less directly and personally affected by the attacks than those living within a mile of the World Trade Center.

question

Based on what we know about the etiology of PTSD, which of the following children is most likely to develop PTSD during his or her lifetime?

answer

A child of low intelligence with a tendency to misbehave

question

Patricia was raped when she was 19 years old. Now that Patricia is in her late twenties, her boyfriend is starting to talk to her about getting married. Lately she has had trouble sleeping and has started having ﬂashbacks to the event. She is concerned that her boyfriend may look a little like the rapist and so she is avoiding him and considering moving to another state and starting over. What condition does she have?

answer

PTSD with delayed onset

question

Sondra just returned home from her second military tour of Afghanistan. She is ﬁnding it difﬁcult to reintegrate into her old life and is frustrated by her family's inability to understand what she experienced. Sondra is thinking about volunteering to go abroad again. Does she have PTSD?

answer

No

question

Jonas was taking the bus to work 2 weeks ago when it suddenly caught ﬁre. Three people died in the ﬁre, including a 6-year-old child. Jonas has been avoiding buses ever since and has called in sick to his employer 8 days in the last 2 weeks. What condition does he have?

answer

Acute stress disorder

question

Ms. Kitano is a photographer who was traveling for work when a violent riot broke out in the city she was visiting. She sustained minor injuries during the riot but has since recovered fully. It's been about a month since she returned home but she is still having vivid ﬂashbacks and tends to be very short-tempered with her coworkers, when she goes to work at all. She has not taken out her camera since the trip and refuses to look at the photos. What disorder does she have?

answer

PTSD

question

Which of the following is known to be useful for treating PTSD?

answer

Helping the client confront his or her thoughts and feelings about the trauma through imaginal exposure

question

Intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges an individual tries to eliminate or suppress.

answer

Obsessions

question

The practices of washing, counting, and checking to suppress obsessions and provide relief are called _______

answer

Compulsion

question

_______ is a radical treatment for OCD involving a surgical lesion to the cingulate bundle.

answer

Psychosurgery

question

The lifetime prevalence of OCD is approximately __% or even lower.

answer

1.6%

question

Deborah frequently thinks about strangling her teenage son while he is sleeping. These thoughts and impulses are very distressing to Deborah, but she is unable to get rid of them. What is Deborah struggling with?

answer

Only an obsession

question

Whenever Desiree drives she feels compelled to move the car head-on into oncoming traffic even though she isn't suicidal and doesn't want to cause an accident. The only way to calm this urge is to count the number of red cars she passes on the road. What type of OCD subtype does she have?

answer

Forbidden thoughts or actions

question

Mr. and Mrs. Aly's son is having a difﬁcult time learning to drive because he feels that in order to be safe he must drive in the exact middle of the lane and park in the exact middle of a parking space. He gets very anxious when other people don't do the same. What type of OCD subtype does he have?

answer

Symmetry

question

Jackson will not use any bathroom except the one that adjoins the master bedroom in his home. As a result, he cannot leave his house for more than a few hours at a time. What type of OCD subtype does he have?

answer

Cleaning and contamination

question

Mrs. Ross often gets worried that she doesn't have enough plastic bags at home, so she grabs several handfuls when checking out at the grocery store. At home, she has emptied out her kitchen cabinets and stores everything on the counter just to make room for the bags, and the cabinets are still overflowing. What type of OCD subtype does she have?

answer

Hoarding

question

In childhood, OCD is diagnosed more frequently in ______, and in adulthood it is diagnosed _____ in males and females

answer

Males; equally

question

Many people occasionally experience intrusive thoughts that are disturbing or bizarre. Which people are at the greatest risk for developing anxiety about these thoughts and possibly OCD?

answer

Those with biological and psychological vulnerabilities to anxiety and thought-action fusion

question

Why is psychosurgery not likely to become a widely used form of treatment for OCD?

answer

It does not substantially benefit a majority of patients and can have serious adverse effects.

question

Felix insists on having a perfectly manicured lawn, and the very thought of having uneven grass greatly upsets him. He spends several hours each day carefully measuring and cutting the grass on his lawn to ensure it is of uniform length. What is Felix struggling with?

answer

Both an obsession and a compulsion

question

Ben feels the need to make sure every electrical appliance is unplugged before he leaves the house so that the house does not catch on ﬁre. He rechecks all of the electrical outlets ﬁve times before he feels comfortable enough to leave. What OCD subtype does he struggle with?

answer

Forbidden thoughts or actions

question

Mr. Diaz always vacuums the carpet in his home in alternating rows so there is a striped pattern. He gets so anxious at the thought of someone messing up the pattern that he has stopped inviting guests over. What OCD subtype does he struggle with?

answer

Symmetry

question

Whenever Ian touches a public doorknob he must immediately wash his hands or use instant hand sanitizer. He also will not touch railings or shake hands with other people. What OCD subtype does he struggle with?

answer

Cleaning and contamination

question

Ms. Lovegoode is so moved by seeing feral dogs and cats that she always takes them home. She is now the owner of more than 90 animals although she is on a ﬁxed income and cannot afford to fully care for them. What OCD subtype does she struggle with?

answer

Hoarding

question

Gender differences in prevalence of OCD ﬁrst appear during _______ and disappear by _________

answer

Childhood; mid-adolescence

question

As a child, Erin once told her mother that she thought their house would look pretty if it was on ﬁre. Her mother immediately scolded Erin, screaming that she should not think such things, and then sent her to her room without dinner. Erin had repeated and consistent experiences like this when she would express an idea and her mother would harshly scold her as if having such a thought might lead to the event happening. This type of experience may lead to a psychological vulnerability to develop OCD called

answer

Thought-action fusion

question

What is a primary purpose of exposure and ritual prevention for OCD?

answer

To help the patient learn that the thoughts are not dangerous and that the ritualistic behaviors do not help prevent danger

question

Frances is convinced that if she leaves her home without unplugging all of her electrical devices, an electrical ﬁre will occur and destroy her home. To deal with this upsetting idea, she spends nearly 90 minutes every day before she leaves for work unplugging all devices and double checking that they are all unplugged. What is Frances struggling with?

answer

Both an obsession and a compulsion

question

Virginia's food can never touch on her plate. She always eats each type of food in a speciﬁc order and believes if she breaks that routine she will contract an extremely painful stomach ulcer. What kind of OCD subtype does she struggle with?

answer

Forbidden thoughts or actions

question

Ms. Simmons owns 300 pairs of shoes and is very concerned with how they're kept. She spends each morning in her closet, taking each box of shoes down and then centering and restacking it on the shelf. She performs the ritual three full times. What kind of OCD subtype does she struggle with?

answer

Symmetry

question

Jordan always wears three pairs of socks when she leaves her home and scrubs her feet with a mixture of salt and baking soda when she returns home. What kind of OCD subtype does she struggle with?

answer

Cleaning and contamination

question

Mr. Torrens collects newspapers and has done so since the mid-1980's. He refuses to throw any of them away and his neighbors are threatening to report him because the old paper is attracting cockroaches and rats. What kind of OCD subtype does he struggle with?

answer

Hoarding

question

What is likely to happen if a person with obsessions attempts to avoid his or her intrusive thoughts or impulses?

answer

He or she is likely to develop compulsions.

question

What are two disadvantages of using drugs, such as SSRIs, to treat OCD?

answer

Beneﬁts are moderate, and relapse is likely when treatment is stopped.

question

In what way does fear distinguish itself from anxiety?

answer

Fear is oriented toward present, or immediate, events; Anxiety is oriented toward future events.

question

Angel is walking along the street one night when he is confronted by several men standing in front of a closed store. They show him a gun and tell him that if he does not give them his wallet and his jewelry that they will shoot him. Which of the following responses do you think Angel is most likely to experience in that moment?

answer

Fear

question

Why is it that a person experiencing a panic attack might mistakenly believe that they are having a heart attack?

answer

Because the symptoms of a panic attack can include physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, and dizziness.

question

Marcus has been suffering from panic attacks in recent months. When he goes to his physician to find out what may be causing them, which of the following would be the most immediate question that his doctor might ask?

answer

"Do you smoke cigarettes on a regular basis?"

question

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for why a full three-quarters of people diagnosed with agoraphobia are women?

answer

Cultural explanations

question

Which of the following individuals might be the most likely to suffer from a condition called susto?

answer

Angel, a 32-year old man who lives in Guatemala

question

Which of the following is a likely explanation for why isolated sleep paralysis occurs?

answer

REM sleep is spilling over into the waking cycle.

question

What do panic control therapy (PCT) and exposure and ritual prevention (ERP) strategies have in common?

answer

Both approaches seek to induce the anxiety symptoms in the sufferer.

question

Paige has been afraid of flying on an airplane for her entire life. She has never actually had the courage to get on an airplane (or any other flying vehicle) and insists that she never will. This became a problem recently at work, when she refused to fly to a professional convention that her employer wanted her to attend. Paige is suffering from which type of specific phobia?

answer

Situational

question

While sitting in the waiting room at his pediatrician's office, 6-year old Trevor is terrified that he is going to have to get an injection. When he is taken back into the doctor's examination room, he sees a jar of hypodermic needles, and starts to hyperventilate. Although he was not scheduled to get a shot and does not receive one, Trevor becomes phobic about going back to the doctor's office in the future. Trevor's phobia has developed through which of the following mechanisms?

answer

Experiencing a false alarm.

question

According to your authors, almost everyone agrees that ________ is an essential and necessary part of treatment for specific phobias.

answer

Structured and consistent exposure-based exercises

question

Why is it important for a clinician to know the chronological age of a child who is presenting with the symptoms of separation anxiety disorder?

answer

Because all young children experience some level of separation anxiety.

question

Mario lives in the United States, and has recently been dealing with an unusual symptom of an anxiety disorder called olfactory reference syndrome. Which of the following problems is Mario facing?

answer

He worries that he is offending others with his body odor.

question

Minerva has been struggling with a very difficult problem for many years, and even as a child her parents were very concerned about it. Although she has no problem speaking with others when she is at home or on the telephone, she finds it nearly impossible to "speak up" when she is at school. Her college professors have found it particularly challenging, as she was unable to participate in any assignments that required speaking in front of the class. Further, she could never bring herself to raise her hand and ask a question in any of her classes. Minerva may be suffering from ________ .

answer

Selective mutism

question

What is the primary difference between acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

answer

ASD is diagnosed within the first month after the traumatic event, while PTSD is diagnosed if the symptoms last or appear more than one month later.

question

The highest rates of posttraumatic stress disorder are associated with all but which of the following experiences?

answer

The death of a spouse

question

How would a psychoanalyst describe the therapeutic value of facing the original stressor that lead a person to suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder?

answer

It leads to an experience of catharsis, which is a relieving of emotional trauma

question

Obsessions are to compulsions as ________ are to ________ .

answer

Thoughts; actions

question

Ever since he was a child and was teased about being slightly overweight, Chester has had a severe obsessions with his waistline. He is now 34 years of age, is slim and healthy, and works out constantly. Despite the fact that he has a perfectly flat stomach with "washboard abs," he still perceives himself as having a pot belly. He is very anxious about this perception, and finds it to be intrusive in his life. Chester may be suffering from ________ disorder.

answer

Body dysmorphic

question

Why is it that the diagnostic criteria related to "tension relief" were removed from the DSM-5 definitions of skin picking disorder and trichotillomania?

answer

Because a substantial number of people who engage in these behaviors do not do so to relieve tension or experience tension relief.

question

A negative mood state characterized by bodily symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about the future

answer

Anxiety

question

Sudden, overwhelming fright or terror

answer

Panic

question

An immediate alarm reaction to danger

answer

Fear

question

An abrupt experience of intense fear or acute discomfort, accompanied by physical symptoms that usually include heart palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, and, possibly, dizziness

answer

Panic attack

question

Brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety

answer

Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

question

Brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm and escape response resembling human panic

answer

Fight/flight system (FFS)

question

Anxiety disorder characterized by intense, uncontrollable, unfocused, chronic, and continuous worry that is distressing and unproductive, accompanied by physical symptoms of tenseness, irritability, and restlessness

answer

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

question

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks accompanied by concern about future attacks and/or a lifestyle change to avoid future attacks

answer

Panic disorder (PD)

question

Anxiety disorder characterized by anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult in the event of panic symptoms or other unpleasant physical symptoms

answer

Agoraphobia

question

Cognitive behavioral treatment for panic attacks, involving gradual exposure to feared somatic sensations and modification of perceptions and attitudes about them

answer

Panic control treatment (PCT)

question

unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with daily life functioning

answer

Specific phobia

question

Unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury, or the possibility of an injection

answer

Blood-injection-injury phobias

question

Anxiety involving enclosed places or public transportation

answer

Situational phobias

question

Fear of situations or events in nature, especially heights, storms, and water

answer

Natural environment phobias

question

Unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects that usually develops early in life

answer

Animal phobia

question

Excessive, enduring fear in some individuals that harm will come to them or their loved ones when they are apart

answer

Separation anxiety disorder

question

Extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations

answer

Social anxiety disorder

question

Enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows exposure to severe helplessness or a fear-inducing threat

answer

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

question

Developmentally inappropriate behaviors in which a child is unable or unwilling to form normal attachment relationships with care giving adults

answer

Attachment disorders

question

Attachment disorder in which a child with disturbed behavior neither seeks out a caregiver nor responds to offers of help from one

answer

Reactive attachment disorder

question

Condition in which a child shows no inhibitions whatsoever in approaching adults

answer

Disinhibited social engagement disorder

question

Disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them

answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

question

Recurrent intrusive thoughts or impulses the client seeks to suppress or neutralize while recognizing they are not imposed by outside forces

answer

Obsessions

question

Repetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behaviors or mental acts a person feels driven to perform to suppress obsessions

answer

Compulsions

question

Disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance

answer

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)

question

People's urge to pull out their own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and arm

answer

Trichotillomania

question

Recurrent, difficult-to-control picking of one's skin leading to significant impairment or distress

answer

Excoriation

question

Extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of Social or performance situations

answer

Phobia

question

Severe reaction immediately following a terrifying event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization. If symptoms persist beyond one month, victims are diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder.

answer

Acute stress disorder

question

Brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm and escape response resembling human panic.

answer

Fight/flight system (FFS)

question

Extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of Social or performance situations.

answer

Social phobia

question

Why are benzodiazepines sometimes called the "enemy" to anxiety?

answer

Because taking the medications keeps the patient from feeling the motivation to go to the source of the problem because the meds reduce anxiety

question

What are the three P's of anxiety?

answer

Predisposing factors, precipitating factors, perpetuating factors

question

What are the four benzodiazepines that you should remember?

answer

Valium, Xanax, Ativan, and Klonopin

question

What is the sequence of the HPA axis?

answer

Stress --> hypothalamus --> CRF --> Ant. pituitary secretes ACTH --> adrenal cortex --> cortisol

question

Does the HPA axis or SAM occur more quickly?

answer

SAM (sympathetic adrenal medullary)

question

"_____ loads the gun, but the _______ pulls the trigger"

answer

Genetics; environment

question

What are the suicide attempt rates for those with a panic disorder?

answer

20%

question

When did generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) emerge?

answer

In 1980

question

What is GAD characterized by?

answer

Worry

question

What is freefloating anxiety that involves looking for something to be anxious about called?

answer

Neuroticism

question

In GAD, which hemisphere is overactive?

answer

The left hemisphere

question

Involves noticing a faster heartrate, feeling anxious and assuming that you are having a panic attack

answer

Interoceptive avoidance

question

What percentage of people with agoraphobia are women?

answer

75%

question

__% of those who experience panic disorder experience nocturnal attacks

answer

60%

question

What type of psychotherapy has the best treatment outcome for panic disorder?

answer

CBT

question

What age is the onset for blood-injection-injury phobia?

answer

Around 9 years old

question

What age is the onset for situational phobia?

answer

Early to mid 20's

question

What age is the onset for animal phobia?

answer

Around 7 years old

question

What age is the onset for natural environment phobia?

answer

Around 7 years old

question

What are the four major categories of compulsions?

answer

Checking; ordering; arranging; washing/cleaning

question

What is Globus Hysterious?

answer

The fear of choking

question

What is another word for social anxiety?

answer

Paruresis

question

How long do the symptoms of PTSD have to be present?

answer

Equal than or greater than 1 month

question

How long do the symptoms of Acute Stress have to be present?

answer

Equal than or less than 1 month

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