abnormal psych mc – Flashcards
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Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is
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preventing her from functioning effectively
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The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has indicated that the development of ADHD is a consequence of
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genetic influences
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Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult is indicative of
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agoraphobia
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Cancer survivors who develop a fresh delight in their children and savor the joy of each new day best illustrate
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post traumatic growth
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During a stressful military battle, Fong suddenly went blind. When hypnotized by an army psychiatrist, his blindness vanished. Fong apparently suffered from a
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conversion disorder
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The experience of multiple personalities is most likely to be characterized by
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a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness.
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The dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past 40 or so years most strongly suggests that symptoms of this disorder involve
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role-playing
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Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least
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two weeks
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George Frideric Handel composed his Messiah during three weeks of intense, creative energy. Many believe Handel suffered a mild form of
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bipolar disorder
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Of those who talk of suicide ________ actually attempt suicide. Of those who attempt suicide, ________ succeed in completing the act.
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most; only a few
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Seeing one-eyed monsters would be a(n) ________. Believing that you are Christopher Columbus would be a ________.
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hallucination; delusion
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One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.
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schizoid
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Which of the following disorders is classified as a mood disorder?
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bipolar disorder
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Mania is most likely to be associated with a(n)
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bipolar disorder
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Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________ as repeatedly washing your hands is to ________.
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obsession; compulsion
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Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)
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dissociative identity disorder
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An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by
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a lack of guilt feelings
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Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least
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two weeks
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Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is
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deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional.
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A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often
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bias our perceptions of the labeled person.
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Misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a dreaded disease is indicative of
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somatic symptom disorder (formerly hypochondriasis).
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A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-V in order to ________ various psychological disorders.
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identify
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Anxiety is considered disordered if it is
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persistent and distressing
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Repeated distressing dreams and intrusive memories of an intensely fearful and life- threatening experience are symptoms most commonly associated with
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post traumatic stress disorder
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It is most helpful to use ________ for explaining why certain psychological disorders occur only in particular cultures.
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a biopsychosocial approach
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Manuel is extremely shy and is so easily embarrassed when he is with other people that he often misses his college classes just to avoid social interactions. Manuel appears to suffer from a(n)
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social phobia
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Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain by creating fear circuits within the
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amygdala
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Phobias are most likely to be characterized by
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a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.
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In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?
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bipolar disorder
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ADHD is most clearly characterized by
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distractibility.
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Positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises demonstrate
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post-traumatic growth.
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Episodes of intense dread that last for several minutes and are accompanied by shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, or heart palpitations are most characteristic of a(n)
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panic disorder
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The symptoms of ________ are likely to appear at an earlier age than the symptoms of ________.
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dissociative identity disorder; schizophrenia
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A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause is a
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somatoform disorder.
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It is easy to condition but hard to extinguish fears of the types of stimuli that threatened our ancestors. This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective.
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biological
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One of the positive symptoms (meaning "excesses in behavior, thought, or mood") of schizophrenia includes
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hallucinations
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Because it is so pervasive, ________ is often considered "the common cold" of psychological disorders.
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depression
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A conversion disorder is a type of ________ disorder.
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somatoform
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An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions is called a(n)
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obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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An immediate and irrational anxiety response to the mere sight of blood is indicative of
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a specific phobia
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Judicial systems are responsible for making decisions regarding
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insanity
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A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.
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learning
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The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of
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diagnostic labels
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Those with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with
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their own self-importance.
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Research on anxiety disorders indicates that
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some people are more genetically predisposed than others to develop anxiety disorders.
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Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of
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ADHD
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The terms sociopath or psychopath refer to an individual with
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antisocial personality disorder
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A biopsychosocial approach to substance abuse would be most likely to emphasize
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the interactive influences of nature and nurture on substance abuse.
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Some psychologists believe that due partly to a broader definition of trauma, mental health professionals have been overdiagnosing
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PTSD
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Generalized anxiety disorder is often accompanied by
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depression
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A biological perspective would be LEAST helpful for explaining the
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dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the past 40 or so years.
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The DSM-V does NOT
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explain the causes of the various psychological disorders.
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Anthony is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several older people out of their life savings, and he seems to have little feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of
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antisocial personality disorder.
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The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as the
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medical model
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Using DSM-V guidelines, two different clinicians are likely to give a specific patient the same diagnosis. This indicates that the DSM-V is
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reliable
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Ongoing patterns of behavior that interfere with normal day-to-day life are best characterized as
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dysfunctional
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Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, ________ occurs worldwide.
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schizophrenia
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Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with
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depression
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The number one reason people seek mental health services is
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depression
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Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of
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agoraphobia
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Psychiatrists and psychologists would be likely to identify agoraphobia as a psychological disorder because it is
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personally dysfunctional.