Abnormal Final - Flashcards

question

the enduring pattern of inner experiences behavior that is unique to each individual is termed

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personality

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the consistencies of one's personality are called

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personality traits

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what differentiates normal personality characteristics from personality disorders

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flexibility

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the most important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that

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they are inflexible, maladaptive

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by the DSM classification system, personality disorders are disorder on which axis

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axis II

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a person suffering from a personality disorder also suffers from an axis I disorder; this is called

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comorbidity

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one reason that the personality disorders are difficult to treat is that the afflicted individuals

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they are unaware they have a problem

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the term comorbidity means that

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the relationship that is common for a person with a personality disorder to also suffer from an acute axis I disorder

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an individual has just received a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. that individual is most likely to have a parent or sibling who has

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schizophrenia

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the category of "odd" personality disorders includes the traits of

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extreme suspicion, social withdrawal, cognitive/perceptual peculiarities

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an individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is emotionally unstable, as well as impulsive and reckless. this person's diagnosis is most likely to be which of the following personality disorders

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borderline

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reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. he finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. reese displays the characteristic of the _____ personality disorder

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paranoid

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in role-playing situations, subjects with paranoid personality disorder generally interpret ambiguous behavior as

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hostile

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although those with paranoid personality disorder often are deeply suspicious, their suspicions usually do not

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delusions

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theorists explain the paranoid personality disorder as coping with inadequacy. this leads to the ideas that people are evil and will attack you if given the chance. these ideas are consistent with _____ orientation

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cognitive

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according to recent research, if a person living in the US is distrustful of both local TV news and the government, that type of person is

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common

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after suffering severe brain trauma, Phineas Gage appeared not to care about his friends and coworkers, and developed wild, grandiose plans he later had to abandon. these symptoms are most similar to the symptoms of which of the following personality disorders

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schizoid

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"even our negative emotions help us survive. for example, aren't our suspicious often justified?" most likely someone with a ______ theoretical perspective made this statement

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evolutionary

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one similarity of those experiencing paranoid personality disorder and those experiencing schizoid personality disorder is that they tend

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these individuals do not have close ties with others

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the schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid personality disorder in that

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these people genuinely prefer to be alone; paranoid alone because of suspiciousness

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wes has always been a loner. he has never much cared for being with other people. he does not form relationships easily. he appears to be without emotion. we may be exhibiting the _____ personality disorder

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schizoid

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the theorist who describes schizoid personality disorder as arising from an inability to perceive effectively what is going on in the environment, including emotions, reflects the _____ theoretical orientation

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cognitive

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cognitive theorists believe that because of their difficulty scanning the environment, perceiving accurately, and picking up emotional cues, those with schizoid personalities develop _____ very slowly

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language and motor skills

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a person who is least likely to be affected by criticism or praise from other people is one suffering from the ____ personality disorder

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schizoid

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there is a new game called "moods" where one acts out the mood listed on a card. being encouraged to play this game is most likely treatment ____ might use for those with schizoid disorders

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cognitive

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the type of therapy that generally provides the least help for those with schizoid personality disorder is

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drug therapy

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when Selina sees a report of a train wreck on TV, she thinks it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day. she takes the bus instead. if she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is most likely

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schizotypal personality disorder

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a belief that the news anchor on CNN is giving one important message about one's behavior reflects

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ideas of reference

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digressive and vague language with loose associations accompanied by attention and concentration problems are characteristic of

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schizotypal

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the disorder that appears to be most closely related to the schizotypal personality disorder is

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schizophrenia

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a client being treated for schizotypal personality disorder must show up for therapy appointments on time, dress appropriately, and complete some social skills training. most likely the theoretical orientation of the therapist is

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behavioral

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the personality disorder that is most often associated with criminal behavior is the

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antisocial personality disorder

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sarah respects none of society's boundaries and is insensitive to other people, frequently violating their rights. she does not consider the consequences of her actions. she experiences

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antisocial personality disorder

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a recent movie details the activities of a serial killer who was subsequently diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. should law enforcement agencies worry about the possibility of "copycat" killings following the movie's release

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yes as seen from natural born killer and a clockwork orange; copycat killings occur

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the person most likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder is

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american white males

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the person most likely to abuse alcohol probably experiences _____ personality disorder

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antisocial

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the two childhood disorders that have been related to later antisocial personality disorder are

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conduct disorder and ADHD

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the absence of parental love results in emotional detachment and the use of power to form relationships. this is most like a _____ explanation of the development of antisocial personality disorder

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psychodynamic

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the fact that children learn antisocial behavior by modeling parental conflict and aggressiveness provides support for

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behavioral

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a young boy is constantly told by his parents to "be a man" whenever he is in conflict with friends. in turn, his parents themselves often act aggressively toward each other, and toward him. the theorist who would be best able to explain an adult diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder for this boy would be

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behavioral

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giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may inadvertently reinforce stubborn and defiant behavior, setting the scene for the development of antisocial personality disorder. this is most like a _____ explanation of the development of antisocial personality disorder

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behavioral

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"what's the big deal? i just don't understand why that matters to you. why can't you just do what i do ?" this quote provides evidence that most strongly supports the _____ explanation for antisocial personality disorder

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cognitive

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which of the answers would complete the following sentence to support the idea that alcohol use and antisocial personality disorder are related because of their "risk taking" aspects. drug users with personality personality disorders often say they use drugs for

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thrill, excitement, arousal; sensation seeking behavior to increase arousal

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assume a study of prison inmates diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder shows that they generally experience less anxiety than other people when they lie or "con" others. this outcome would most strongly support which theoretical position

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biological

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researchers and clinicians have had little or no success in treating _____ , regardless of the treatment approach taken

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antisocial personality disorder

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Keira has an unstable self-image, major mood shifts, and is prone to depression and impulsive behavior. she most likely should be diagnosed as having a

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borderline personality disorder

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"there's nothing out there for me. i can't stand other people, and i can't stand myself, either. I am just really mad right now". such a statement would most likely be made by someone with which personality disorder

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borderline personality disorder

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everyone else is enjoying the warmth of the early spring day except one college student, who seems irritable, even angry. yesterday, when it was cold and dreary, the same student seemed unusually excitable. this student's behavior is most similar to that of someone with which personality disorder

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borderline personality disorder

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transported to the hospital after a suicide attempt, a man is later admitted to the hospital's psychiatric wing. most likely, if the man is diagnosed with a personality disorder, it will be

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borderline personality disorder

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the client is making practically no progress in therapy, and expresses several symptoms similar to those of someone with bipolar disorder. the client has been diagnosed with a personality disorder, most likely the disorder is

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Narcissistic

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the client is doing reasonably well in therapy, and expresses several symptoms similar to those of someone with social phobia. the client has been diagnosed with a personality disorder, most likely, the disorder is

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avoidance

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what is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality disorder

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attempted suicide or self mutilation

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the most common impulse-control disorder is

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borderline personality disorder

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one who sets fires primarily for the pleasure or tension relief the fire setting provides is a(n)

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pyromania

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the frequent failure to resist the impulse to steal is called

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kleptomania

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bertha pulls her hair out of a spot on the top of her head. she appears to be bald there. this is a symptom of an impulse control disorder called

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trichotillomania

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the fact that those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder often were neglected, rejected, or sexually abused as children is best predicted by which view

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psychodynamic therapists

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Gort's parents never quite liked him. they probably did not want children in the first place. he just was not accepted. it was clear early in school that he had low opinion of himself. he also did not know how to interact with the other children. now he cuts himself and has been to the ER several times. this is a description of the possible development of

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borderline personality disorder

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a therapist treating a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder worked out the following analysis. the parents probably did not want children in the first place. the child just was not accepted. the child developed low self-esteem, dependency, and an inability to cope with separation. the therapists' theoretical orientation is probably

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object relations

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a biological cause implicated in borderline personality disorder is

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decreased serotonin

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a little girl has been discovered to be the victim of sexual abuse. when she becomes an adult, the probability that she will be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is

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much higher

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a friend asks your advice about the best therapy to use for treating borderline personality disorder. your best answer is

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dialectical behavior therapy

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when the seat belt light in DiDi's car stays on for a few seconds, she bursts into tears. she always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. she probably could receive diagnosis of

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histrionic personality disorder

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a person constantly strives to be center of attention, yet the ideas the person so eloquently expresses are usually shallow and changeable. if this person were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it most likely would be

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histrionic personality disorder

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a "doctor" in a TV drama suggests using antidepressant medication in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. based on the most current research, you know

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mediocre advice, may increase suicidal tendancies

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historically, which of the theoretical orientations seems the most gender-based in its explanation of the development of histrionic personality disorder

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psychodynamic

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the type of therapist most likely to try to help people diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder to believe they are not helpless, and to teach them better thinking skills is

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cognitive

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the personality disorder that is characterized as undying love and admiration for oneself is

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narcissistic personality disorder

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ty is fairly handsome, but not as handsome as he thinks he is. he does not give a hoot about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. he is most likely experiencing

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narcissistic personality disorder

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the "flower children" of the 1960's and 1970's have sometimes been called the "me" generation, reflecting the supposed self-centered individualism of the time. if this is true, a sociocultural theorist would predict a larger than usual percentage of which kind of personality disorder among the aging "me" generation

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narcissistic personality disorder

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behavioral and cognitive theorists propose that people who develop narcissistic personality disorder may have been treated

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too positively

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you might suspect an "era of narcissism" is approaching for a country when

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increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness

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a person who is inhibited in social situations, feels inadequate, and is very sensitive to criticism may be experiencing

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avoidant personality disorder

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elena can not seem to establish social ties because she is afraid of being embarrassed or appearing foolish. she is easily hurt by criticism and is not willing to go into unfamiliar situations. she may be experiencing

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avoidant personality disorder

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avoidant personality disorder seems most closely related to

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social phobia

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according to psychodynamic theorists, an important factor in the development of avoidant personality disorder is

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shame in childhood

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a client being treated for avoidant personality disorder must increase the number of social contacts per day-- defined as people greeted with at least the phrase, "Hello. How are you?"-- in order to later engage in some desired activity. most likely, the therapist has which theoretical background

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behavioral therapists

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group therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of avoidant personality disorder primarily because group therapy

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gradually increases social contacts

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cognitive therapy for avoidant personality disorder focuses on

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improving their self-image by changing their thought process

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a person who has an excessive need to be taken care of and is clingy is most likely to qualify for a diagnosis of

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dependent personality disorder

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"someone's head resting on my knee,/ Warm and tender as he can be,/ Who takes good care of me,/ Oh wouldn't it be lovely?/ Lovely, lovely, lovely, lovely..." -- are the approximate lyrics of a song from the musical "My fair Lady". these lyrics most closely reflect symptoms of which personality disorder

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dependent personality disorder

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a friend spends hours each day in chat rooms, and seems to rely increasingly on the approval and advice of "cyber-friends". in fact, your friend finds it harder and harder to leave the chat rooms; they control your friend's every decision. this behavior pattern is most similar to that of people with which of the following personality disorder

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dependent personality disorder

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a high school student asks a guidance counselor, parents, and friends for suggestions before deciding on a college to attend and on an academic major. this student's behavior is

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normal

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if parents excessively reinforce clinging and punish attempts at independence, the result might be the development of

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dependent personality disorder

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a child who is severely criticized for acting independently, and who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops dependent personality disorder. the therapist who would be least surprised by this outcome would have which theoretical orientation

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behavioral

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the TV show Monk features a detective who is very seldom happy, has few good friends, has a very rigid order and way in which he must do things, and who frequently has difficulty making up his mind about what to do. if he were diagnosed with a personality disorder, most likely, it would be

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obsessive-compulsive disorder

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the TV show saturday night live once featured a skit involving an "anal retentive carpenter" who had to keep all his tools and work materials in just the "right" places, arranged "just so". he was very anxious any time tools and materials were not just as he wanted them. the most appropriate diagnosis for the carpenter would be which personality disorder

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obsessive-compulsive disorder

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"it is obvious that this case of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder arises from an early childhood fixation." which type of psychologist would most likely have made that statement?

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psychodynamic- Freudian

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those diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder appear more responsive to which kinds of therapy

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psychodynamic and cognitive therapy

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"let's try to figure out where clients fall on several key personality traits, rather than using a dichotomous classification system." someone saying this would most likely favor which approach to classifying personality disorders?

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dimensional approach

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"the client scores low on extroversion and agreeableness, but high on neuroticism. Looks like schizoid personality disorder to me." the therapist being quoted is using what instrument to make the diagnosis

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big five personality

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the most feared psychological problem among the elderly is

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Alzheimer's disease

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the percentage of the US population aged 65 and older today is

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13%

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why is REM sleep referred to as paradoxical sleep

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because the brain is active, unlike stage 4

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children are more likely than the elderly to experience

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sleep terrors

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regarding treatment of depression in the elderly, studies show that

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they respond to cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy, and antidepressants

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what is the relationship between age and anxiety in the elderly

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as age increases, rate of anxiety disorders increase

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to date, research shows that anxiety among the elderly is related to

answer

health

question

an elderly individual is suffering from agoraphobia. the form of therapy that person is least likely to receive is

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psychodynamic

question

the class of drugs most often used to treat anxiety disorders in the elderly is

answer

antidepressants

question

as people age, the incidence of alcohol abuse and other forms of substance abuse

answer

increases

question

studies of the "oldest old" show that compared to those in their 80s and early 90s, the oldest old ar e

answer

healthier, clearer minded and agile

question

those who begin unhealthy drinking patterns later in life typically begin as a response to

answer

declining health or financial status

question

a particular problem often found more prominently in the elderly that is related to substance abuse is

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they don't believe they have a problem

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among the elderly, psychotic cognitive symptoms are usually due to

answer

delirium

question

the case of John Nash, Nobel prize winner and schizophrenic, illustrates _______, which is often found in the elderly who have been schizophrenic

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late life improvement

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an elderly person who develops false beliefs that are not bizarre is most likely suffering from

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delusional disorder

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an elderly person who believes falsely that others are conspiring against her, cheating, or spying on her and behaves in angry, irritable and depressed ways is exhibiting

answer

delusional disorder

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a 65-year-old in otherwise very good health typically will experience occasional

answer

memory dificulties

question

a clouding of consciousness that develops over a short period of time and can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found is called

answer

delirium

question

an 80-year-old individual has been functioning normally, but now has an infection. however, over the course of a few days, the person shows increasing confusion, and consistently misinterprets what others are trying to communicate. the most probable diagnosis for this condition would be

answer

Alzheimer's disease

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the criteria for the diagnosis of dementia include

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significant memory loss as well as cognitive losses and abstract thinking language

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Rosa has difficult remembering even where she is going. Maintaining friendships is difficult, and she loses her temper because she cannot remember things. her health has been deteriorating and she is clumsier than she was three years ago. she appears to be suffering from

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dementia

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Alzheimer's is a brain _____ while stroke is a brain ______

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disease...injury

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Alzheimer's is named for the first person to _____ the disease

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identify

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a 65-year-old is about what percent likely to be suffering some form of dementia

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less than 5%

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the most frequent cause of irreversible dementia in the elderly is

answer

Alzheimer's disease

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the typical patter of Alzheimer's for the patient is

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denial, anxiety, withdrawal, dependency

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your elderly grandfather is deteriorating. at first he seemed only mildly forgetful, but lately he has had trouble recalling the names of close relatives and cannot remember where he is. he used to be very loving and patient, but now he is irascible and very unpleasant at odd moments. this condition is getting worse. he is probably experiencing

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Alzheimer's disease

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Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed on the basis of

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neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques

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what are neurofibrillary tangles

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twisted protein fibers in brain

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older individuals with Alzheimer's disease differ from older individuals without Alzheimer's disease in that they

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have an extra number of neurofibrillary tangles

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sphere-shaped deposits of a certain molecule in space between neurons in the hippocampus in individuals with Alzheimer's disease are called

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senile plaques

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the molecules that are found in sphere-shaped deposits in spaces between neurons in the hippocampus in individuals with Alzheimer's disease are called

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senile plaques

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a person who has Alzheimer's although there is no family history of the disease is said to be experiencing

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senile plaques

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the best evidence we have to date suggests that Alzheimer's is transmitted genetically in families that

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transmit mutations

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research on the cause of Alzheimer's disease has led to the conclusion that

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they don't know

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a person who can grasp material immediately as it is presented, but who cannot remember it long-term, has difficult with

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long-term memory

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a person who has difficulty remembering how to use a key is having trouble with

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procedural memory

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a person who has an excess of plaques due to Alzheimer's would be likely to have

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cell breakdown and death

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a person with the sporadic version of Alzheimer's would be likely to have

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family history and brain disease

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someone with difficulty transforming short-term memory into long-term memory is most likely to have problems in the

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diencephalon

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you would suspect a problem in the _____ for someone experiencing difficulty with short-term memory

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prefrontal lobe

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you would suspect a problem in the _____ for someone experiencing difficulty with long-term memory

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temporal lobe

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you would suspect a problem in the _____ for someone experiencing difficulty with transforming information from short-term memory to long-term memory

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diencephalon

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when new information is acquired and stored in memory, _______ are produced

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protein

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a client suffers from severe problems in remembering recent information, and has increasing difficulty using ordinary language and other cognitive skills. the resulting diagnosis probably will be

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declarative memory problems

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an individual with retrograde amnesia

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can't remember things that happened in the long term

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people with amnestic disorders

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have often had an injury of some sort

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an individual who demonstrates a severe anterograde amnesia may still demonstrate evidence of

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retrograde amnesia

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Tomas has a normal IQ, but demonstrates complete impairment of new learning. He also confabulates when asked to provide information about recent events. Tomas most likely is suffering from

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anterograde amnesia

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what would the removal of both temporal lobes most likely cause

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severe anterograde amnesia

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about what fraction of severe head injuries result in some permanent memory and learning problems

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50%

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elevated levels of _____ in the brains of some Alzheimer's patients has led to the search for a heavy metal cause of the disease

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zinc

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recent research suggests that excessive levels of zinc in the brain

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triggers a dumping of beta-amyloid protein

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when an autoimmune response occurs, the body attacks

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itself

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the fact that Alzheimer's disease resembles Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease suggests that Alzheimer's may be caused by

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a slow acting virus

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a 74-year-old man has experienced a very sudden decrement in attention, language production, and memory. CT scans show localized damage to specific areas of the brain. he has a history of cardiovascular disease. his diagnosis would most likely be

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vascular dementia

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Quincy suddenly developed a short-term memory problem and only two months later had problems speaking. Six months after that he lost speech and hearing, and the left side of his face became paralyzed. each change in functioning was abrupt. he probably is suffering from

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multiple infractions

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a person quite suddenly begins to show specific cognitive impairment; the person has difficulty speaking, yet other cognitive functions appear normal. most likely that person is experiencing

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vascular dementia

question

which of the following diseases involves degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes

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picks disease

question

lucille experienced severe mood, personality, and movement changes. she most likely has

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Huntington's disease

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an individual suffering from a neurological disorder shows no evidence of infection or poisoning, but experiences tremors, rigidity, and unsteadiness. the most probable diagnosis is

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Parkinson's disease

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dementia is also associated with

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AIDS

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someone who has AIDS is also at risk for developing

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dementia

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if you had a PET scan at a relatively young age, to predict your likelihood of developing Alzheimer's, you would be most disturbed to find

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reduced hypocampus activity

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if you have unusually high level of AB42 beta-amyloid protein in your blood, you are more likely

answer

to develop Alzheimer's disease or dementia

question

which treatment has been most promising and most commonly used with dementias

answer

drugs

question

the theoretical perspective currently receiving the most focus for the treatment of dementias is the _____ perspective

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biological

question

the drug tacrine acts through

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preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine

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recently the FDA banned those who had spent more than six months total time in Great Britain from the earl 1980s to the mid 1990s from donating blood in the US, because of the still-unconfirmed possibility that a form of "mad cow disease" might be in their blood from eating tainted meat. if humans could contract mad cow disease, they would have symptoms similar to those of

answer

?

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is most similar to

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dementia

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if all a woman wanted was to reduce her risk of developing Alzheimer's she should

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take estrogen for years after menopause

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in order to control occasional pain and inflammation, a person uses an over-the-counter drug containing ibuprofen. interestingly, recent research shows that person also may be reducing the risk of contracting which disease

answer

Alzheimer's disease

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one of the most frequent reasons for the institutionalization of Alzheimer's patients is

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the caregivers can't keep them home

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the term "double jeopardy" describes people who may develop psychological problems because they are

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part of a minority group and are old

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triple jeopardy, as an issue affecting the mental health of the elderly, refers to

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a woman who is elderly and part of a minority

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sources of discrimination in the mental health care of the elderly include

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language

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a partially supervised apartment, a senior housing complex for mildly impaired elderly people, and a nursing home with round-the-clock care are all examples of

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assisted living

question

the percentage of the elderly population living in nursing homes at any given time is about

answer

5%

question

if you do things during your life that promote physical and psychological well-being, you are engaging in a _____ approach to aging

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health maintenance

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Oliver Sachs finds that music can help elderly people

answer

move

question

those of us who do not develop Alzheimer's will nevertheless benefit from Alzheimer's research because

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it will still keep the mind sharp

question

it is estimated that as many as _____ percent of the elderly could benefit from mental health services, but only _____ percent receives them

answer

50...20

question

the misuse of prescription drugs by the elderly is a form of ____ disorder

answer

substance abuse

question

if an elderly person was found to have dementia, your best guess about what was causing it would be

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Alzheimer's/vascular disease

question

if someone asked you about the effectiveness of treatment for Alzheimer's you would have to say

answer

even best treatments have limited success

question

the most feared psychological problem among the elderly is

answer

Alzheimer's disease

question

the percentage of the US population aged 65 and older today is

answer

13%

question

why is REM sleep referred to as paradoxical sleep

answer

because the brain is active, unlike stage 4

question

children are more likely than the elderly to experience

answer

sleep terrors

question

regarding treatment of depression in the elderly, studies show that

answer

they respond to cognitive therapy, interpersonal therapy, and antidepressants

question

what is the relationship between age and anxiety in the elderly

answer

as age increases, rate of anxiety disorders increase

question

to date, research shows that anxiety among the elderly is related to

answer

health

question

an elderly individual is suffering from agoraphobia. the form of therapy that person is least likely to receive is

answer

psychodynamic

question

the class of drugs most often used to treat anxiety disorders in the elderly is

answer

antidepressants

question

as people age, the incidence of alcohol abuse and other forms of substance abuse

answer

increases

question

studies of the "oldest old" show that compared to those in their 80s and early 90s, the oldest old ar e

answer

healthier, clearer minded and agile

question

those who begin unhealthy drinking patterns later in life typically begin as a response to

answer

declining health or financial status

question

a particular problem often found more prominently in the elderly that is related to substance abuse is

answer

they don't believe they have a problem

question

among the elderly, psychotic cognitive symptoms are usually due to

answer

delirium

question

the case of John Nash, Nobel prize winner and schizophrenic, illustrates _______, which is often found in the elderly who have been schizophrenic

answer

late life improvement

question

an elderly person who develops false beliefs that are not bizarre is most likely suffering from

answer

delusional disorder

question

an elderly person who believes falsely that others are conspiring against her, cheating, or spying on her and behaves in angry, irritable and depressed ways is exhibiting

answer

delusional disorder

question

a 65-year-old in otherwise very good health typically will experience occasional

answer

memory dificulties

question

a clouding of consciousness that develops over a short period of time and can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found is called

answer

delirium

question

an 80-year-old individual has been functioning normally, but now has an infection. however, over the course of a few days, the person shows increasing confusion, and consistently misinterprets what others are trying to communicate. the most probable diagnosis for this condition would be

answer

Alzheimer's disease

question

the criteria for the diagnosis of dementia include

answer

significant memory loss as well as cognitive losses and abstract thinking language

question

Rosa has difficult remembering even where she is going. Maintaining friendships is difficult, and she loses her temper because she cannot remember things. her health has been deteriorating and she is clumsier than she was three years ago. she appears to be suffering from

answer

dementia

question

Alzheimer's is a brain _____ while stroke is a brain ______

answer

disease...injury

question

Alzheimer's is named for the first person to _____ the disease

answer

identify

question

a 65-year-old is about what percent likely to be suffering some form of dementia

answer

less than 5%

question

the most frequent cause of irreversible dementia in the elderly is

answer

Alzheimer's disease

question

the typical patter of Alzheimer's for the patient is

answer

denial, anxiety, withdrawal, dependency

question

your elderly grandfather is deteriorating. at first he seemed only mildly forgetful, but lately he has had trouble recalling the names of close relatives and cannot remember where he is. he used to be very loving and patient, but now he is irascible and very unpleasant at odd moments. this condition is getting worse. he is probably experiencing

answer

Alzheimer's disease

question

Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed on the basis of

answer

neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques

question

what are neurofibrillary tangles

answer

twisted protein fibers in brain

question

older individuals with Alzheimer's disease differ from older individuals without Alzheimer's disease in that they

answer

have an extra number of neurofibrillary tangles

question

sphere-shaped deposits of a certain molecule in space between neurons in the hippocampus in individuals with Alzheimer's disease are called

answer

senile plaques

question

the molecules that are found in sphere-shaped deposits in spaces between neurons in the hippocampus in individuals with Alzheimer's disease are called

answer

senile plaques

question

a person who has Alzheimer's although there is no family history of the disease is said to be experiencing

answer

senile plaques

question

the best evidence we have to date suggests that Alzheimer's is transmitted genetically in families that

answer

transmit mutations

question

research on the cause of Alzheimer's disease has led to the conclusion that

answer

they don't know

question

a person who can grasp material immediately as it is presented, but who cannot remember it long-term, has difficult with

answer

long-term memory

question

a person who has difficulty remembering how to use a key is having trouble with

answer

procedural memory

question

a person who has an excess of plaques due to Alzheimer's would be likely to have

answer

cell breakdown and death

question

a person with the sporadic version of Alzheimer's would be likely to have

answer

family history and brain disease

question

someone with difficulty transforming short-term memory into long-term memory is most likely to have problems in the

answer

diencephalon

question

you would suspect a problem in the _____ for someone experiencing difficulty with short-term memory

answer

prefrontal lobe

question

you would suspect a problem in the _____ for someone experiencing difficulty with long-term memory

answer

temporal lobe

question

you would suspect a problem in the _____ for someone experiencing difficulty with transforming information from short-term memory to long-term memory

answer

diencephalon

question

when new information is acquired and stored in memory, _______ are produced

answer

protein

question

a client suffers from severe problems in remembering recent information, and has increasing difficulty using ordinary language and other cognitive skills. the resulting diagnosis probably will be

answer

declarative memory problems

question

an individual with retrograde amnesia

answer

can't remember things that happened in the long term

question

people with amnestic disorders

answer

have often had an injury of some sort

question

an individual who demonstrates a severe anterograde amnesia may still demonstrate evidence of

answer

retrograde amnesia

question

Tomas has a normal IQ, but demonstrates complete impairment of new learning. He also confabulates when asked to provide information about recent events. Tomas most likely is suffering from

answer

anterograde amnesia

question

what would the removal of both temporal lobes most likely cause

answer

severe anterograde amnesia

question

about what fraction of severe head injuries result in some permanent memory and learning problems

answer

50%

question

elevated levels of _____ in the brains of some Alzheimer's patients has led to the search for a heavy metal cause of the disease

answer

zinc

question

recent research suggests that excessive levels of zinc in the brain

answer

triggers a dumping of beta-amyloid protein

question

when an autoimmune response occurs, the body attacks

answer

itself

question

the fact that Alzheimer's disease resembles Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease suggests that Alzheimer's may be caused by

answer

a slow acting virus

question

a 74-year-old man has experienced a very sudden decrement in attention, language production, and memory. CT scans show localized damage to specific areas of the brain. he has a history of cardiovascular disease. his diagnosis would most likely be

answer

vascular dementia

question

Quincy suddenly developed a short-term memory problem and only two months later had problems speaking. Six months after that he lost speech and hearing, and the left side of his face became paralyzed. each change in functioning was abrupt. he probably is suffering from

answer

multiple infractions

question

a person quite suddenly begins to show specific cognitive impairment; the person has difficulty speaking, yet other cognitive functions appear normal. most likely that person is experiencing

answer

vascular dementia

question

which of the following diseases involves degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes

answer

picks disease

question

lucille experienced severe mood, personality, and movement changes. she most likely has

answer

Huntington's disease

question

an individual suffering from a neurological disorder shows no evidence of infection or poisoning, but experiences tremors, rigidity, and unsteadiness. the most probable diagnosis is

answer

Parkinson's disease

question

dementia is also associated with

answer

AIDS

question

someone who has AIDS is also at risk for developing

answer

dementia

question

if you had a PET scan at a relatively young age, to predict your likelihood of developing Alzheimer's, you would be most disturbed to find

answer

reduced hypocampus activity

question

if you have unusually high level of AB42 beta-amyloid protein in your blood, you are more likely

answer

to develop Alzheimer's disease or dementia

question

which treatment has been most promising and most commonly used with dementias

answer

drugs

question

the theoretical perspective currently receiving the most focus for the treatment of dementias is the _____ perspective

answer

biological

question

the drug tacrine acts through

answer

preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine

question

recently the FDA banned those who had spent more than six months total time in Great Britain from the earl 1980s to the mid 1990s from donating blood in the US, because of the still-unconfirmed possibility that a form of "mad cow disease" might be in their blood from eating tainted meat. if humans could contract mad cow disease, they would have symptoms similar to those of

answer

?

question

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is most similar to

answer

dementia

question

if all a woman wanted was to reduce her risk of developing Alzheimer's she should

answer

take estrogen for years after menopause

question

in order to control occasional pain and inflammation, a person uses an over-the-counter drug containing ibuprofen. interestingly, recent research shows that person also may be reducing the risk of contracting which disease

answer

Alzheimer's disease

question

one of the most frequent reasons for the institutionalization of Alzheimer's patients is

answer

the caregivers can't keep them home

question

the term "double jeopardy" describes people who may develop psychological problems because they are

answer

part of a minority group and are old

question

triple jeopardy, as an issue affecting the mental health of the elderly, refers to

answer

a woman who is elderly and part of a minority

question

sources of discrimination in the mental health care of the elderly include

answer

language

question

a partially supervised apartment, a senior housing complex for mildly impaired elderly people, and a nursing home with round-the-clock care are all examples of

answer

assisted living

question

the percentage of the elderly population living in nursing homes at any given time is about

answer

5%

question

if you do things during your life that promote physical and psychological well-being, you are engaging in a _____ approach to aging

answer

health maintenance

question

Oliver Sachs finds that music can help elderly people

answer

move

question

those of us who do not develop Alzheimer's will nevertheless benefit from Alzheimer's research because

answer

it will still keep the mind sharp

question

it is estimated that as many as _____ percent of the elderly could benefit from mental health services, but only _____ percent receives them

answer

50...20

question

the misuse of prescription drugs by the elderly is a form of ____ disorder

answer

substance abuse

question

if an elderly person was found to have dementia, your best guess about what was causing it would be

answer

Alzheimer's/vascular disease

question

if someone asked you about the effectiveness of treatment for Alzheimer's you would have to say

answer

even best treatments have limited success

question

courts ask for mental health professionals to help determine if defendants are

answer

responsible for the crime and capable of defending themselves

question

if a court decides that a defendant is mentally unstable, the defendant will

answer

sent to a mental institution in a process call criminal commitment

question

defendants who are actively hallucinating and experiencing delusions during the time of their trials are most likely to be

answer

admitted for treatment until they are competent to stand trial

question

defendants who were acting irrationally and in disordered ways when they allegedly committed the crimes are most likely to

answer

plead not guilty by reason of insanity

question

one important issue in the relationship between the legislative and judicial systems and the mental health profession is

answer

regulating aspects of mental care

question

what must be true before a person may be tried for a crime and potentially found guilty

answer

person must have been able to distinguish right from wrong at the time of the crime

question

who makes the final decision as to whether or not a person may be tried by the judicial system

answer

courts

question

if a person accused of a crime is found not guilty by reason of insanity, he or she is committed to a psychiatric facility for treatment. this is called

answer

criminal commitment

question

len killed a man in a fit of rage. his voices told him that the man was about to destroy the earth and the man must be stopped. len is likely to be sent to a mental institution because

answer

mutually unstable at the time of the crime

question

merv got into a fight and killed his opponent. when he went to trial, he had a mental breakdown. he did not know where he was and had hallucinations. he was unable to answer questions. he is likely to be sent to a mental institution because

answer

he is unstable to understand the trial procedure and defend himself

question

if someone was interested in pursuing a career in a field that combined mental health and the legal and judicial systems, you should direct that person toward

answer

forensic psychology

question

the definition of "insanity" used in legal cases was written by

answer

legislators, not clinicians

question

in using the insanity plea, the burden of proof to prove sanity or insanity ordinarily rests with the

answer

defense

question

the version of the insanity defense that declares that a person can not be held responsible for his or her actions if they were the result of mental disease or mental defect is called the

answer

Durham test

question

tony killed the guy he was fighting with. at his trial he claimed that he did not know what he was doing because he was drunk. under which "insanity" standard might he be found not guilty be reason of insanity

answer

Durham test

question

the Durham test judges a person not to be criminally responsible if he or she has acted

answer

if the action was the product of a mental disease or defect

question

Rex beat the guy to within an inch of his life. in court REX claimed that he was forced to do it. he just exploded. he was not in control of himself. under which "insanity" standard might he be found not guilty by reason of insanity

answer

irresistible impulsive test

question

pat who was drunk as a skunk, got into a bar fight and killed his opponent. which legal test would most likely be used to find him not guilty by reason of insanity

answer

Durham test

question

suffering from headaches, alcoholism, and ulcers would make one eligible for an insanity defense under the

answer

Durham test

question

if a man walked in on his wife in bed with his best friend and killed the friend and the wife in a fit of "passion", that man would be eligible for an insanity defense under the

answer

irresistible impulse test

question

if a person experiencing severe paranoid delusions committed a crime while saying, "I know this is wrong and i shouldn't be doing it", that person would be eligible for an insanity defense under the

answer

American law institute test

question

in response to a recommendation by the american psychiatric association, current federal practice is most like the

answer

M'Naughtear test

question

the most common diagnosis of those found not guilty by reason of insanity is

answer

schizophrenia

question

the most common (and perhaps the most serious) objection to the insanity plea is that

answer

the fundamental differences between law and the science of human behavior

question

about what percentage of defendants in the US are found not guilty by reason of insanity in a typical year

answer

1 in 400 (.25%)

question

some states have adopted a verdict of "guilty but mentally ill". the sentence that must be given to those so convicted is

answer

prison sentence along with needed treatment

question

currently in the US, patients who are criminally committed to a mental hospital can be released

answer

when they are judged to no longer be insane

question

if a mentally ill person committed murder, was convicted and sent to prison, but was also given treatment while in prison, that person probably lived in a state that had a ____ option

answer

guilty but mentally ill

question

if a mentally ill person committed murder, but was convicted of committing manslaughter, that person probably lived in a state that had a ____ option

answer

guilty with diminished capacity

question

in the case of Foucha v. Louisiana , the supreme court ruled that the only acceptable basis for determining the release of hospitalized offenders is whether or not they are still

answer

insane

question

recently states have begun to abolish their sex offender laws. among the reasons they are doing this is

answer

racial bias can effect application of the law

question

many states have a category of "mentally disordered sex offenders", which assigns moral responsibility to the offender. this category, which is related to the insanity defense, is based on the premise that

answer

people who are repeatedly found guilty of certain sex crimes have a mental disorder

question

one difficulty with the mentally disordered sex offender classification is that

answer

racial bias appears to effect who is given this classification

question

a person who is accused of a crime can not be convicted if he or she is mentally unstable either at the time of the crime or at the time of the trail. competence to stand trial is important to ensure that the person

answer

understands the charges and is capable of forming a defense

question

the majority of criminals institutionalized for psychological treatment in the US are there because

answer

they suffer from personality disorders

question

civil commitment is for a person who

answer

civil commitment allows certain people to be forced into mental health treatment

question

a person who had a serious mental illness and was in need of treatment could, nevertheless, not be civilly committed unless that person was also

answer

dangerous to themselves or others

question

the process of forcing certain individuals to undergo mental health treatment is called

answer

civil commitment

question

the aspect of state responsibility that promotes and protects the interests of individuals from themselves is called

answer

parens patriae

question

the aspect of state responsibility that promotes and protects the interests of individuals from dangerous people is called

answer

police powers

question

the principle of parens patriae (parent of the country) permits the state to make decisions that promote an individual's best interest. it has been used to support the process of

answer

civil commitment

question

parens patriae refers to the state's rights to make decisions that are in the individual's best interest, and t the idea that police power gives the state the right to protect society from harm. these two principles have been used to support

answer

civil commitment

question

Iris has had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. she mutters a lot about being possessed. lately she has been carving her arm with a knife. you think that she requires treatment before she hurts herself any more. the authorities have a right to commit her based on the principles of

answer

parens patriae

question

in addington v. texas, a young man fought being involuntarily committed, arguing that the standard for showing that a person is mentally ill was unclear and unfair. as a result, the standard for committing a person was revised to

answer

clear and convincing proof that the patient is mentally ill and meets the states minimum requirement

question

in addington v. texas, a young man fought being involuntarily committed, arguing that the standard for showing that a person is mentally ill was unclear and unfair. this case resulted in the courts setting a standard that commitment

answer

can occur when 75% certainty that criteria for commitment has been met

question

in an emergency, if a person is clearly suicidal or homicidal because of hallucinations and delusions, that person can be involuntarily committed by

answer

emergency commitment

question

the standard for "clear and convincing proof" according to the US supreme court is

answer

75% certainty the criteria has been met

question

in the past, people with mental disorders were less likely than those without mental disorders to commit violent or dangerous acts. why do we think that is

answer

many of these individuals lived in institutions

question

temporary commitment in an emergency situation is possible if

answer

a life is at stake

question

what is the basis for making a 2 PC determination to commit on an emergency basis

answer

when a person is a danger to themselves or others

question

Monahan's research on the relationship between violent behavior and sever mental disorder shows that

answer

rate of violent behavior and is somewhat higher in those with sever mental disorders

question

what proportion of mental patients assault another patient during hospitalization

answer

15%

question

what is the rate of assault for people who display a substance-abuse disorder

answer

25% or more

question

how good are mental health professionals at predicting dangerousness

answer

wrong more often than right

question

if you encountered someone convicted of a violent criminal offense, you could legitimately also expect to find that the person

answer

substance abuse

question

John Brown and Abraham Lincoln were labeled by some as "insane" because of their views on

answer

slavery

question

the wyatt v. stickney decision forced state hospitals to provide

answer

adequate treatment to those who were committed involuntarily

question

the case of O'Connor v donaldson resulted in the ruling that

answer

mental hospitals must review their patients' cases periodically

question

in recent years, public advocates for those with mental disorders have turned their attention to the rights of ____ to receive treatment

answer

mental patients in community

question

the focus of the protection and Advocacy for Mentally Ill Individuals Act of 1986 was to

answer

the right for patients to investigate possible abuse

question

the recent cases that have increased the patient's right to refuse treatment have focused largely on the right to refuse

answer

biological treatment

question

if a patient is assigned to a community mental health center inpatient facility instead of a mental hospital, the decision makers are applying the principle of

answer

patients should receive treatment from the least restrictive facility available

question

patienst who perform work in mental institutions, particularly private institutions, are guaranteed _____ for that work

answer

minimum wage

question

"Litigaphobia" and "litigastress"

answer

feat of being sued

question

an important current distinction between psychologists and psychiatrists that is changing is that

answer

psychologists may admit patients to state hospitals and prescribe medicine with proper certification

question

one outcome due to the rise in malpractice suits related to hospitalization, based on actual hospitalization statistics is that

answer

clinicians fear being sued

question

Research indicates that eyewitness testimony is:

answer

often unreliable

question

research indicates that eyewitness testimony is

answer

the jury is more likely to believe witness who is certain

question

imagine that a witness says he or she is absolutely certain that the defendant is the one who committed the crime. what is the most likely true about the witness's certainty

answer

manipulative and highly intelligent

question

frequently, when a serial killer comes to trial, he or she makes the insanity plea. what usually happens

answer

plea is usually overlooked

question

why is the plea of not guilty by reason of insanity generally unsuccessful for serial killers

answer

they typically don't fit criteria of insanity

question

the APA code of ethics states that sexual relationships between a psychologist and client are

answer

forbidden

question

a psychologist wanted to accept a client with whom he had previously had a sexual relationship. according to ethical guidelines, the psychologist

answer

may not treat patient he or she has had sex with

question

if dr. phil were a psychologist (he is not), would he be ethically allowed to offer advice to people on TV

answer

yes

question

imagine that you are a therapist working on the US-mexican border but don't speak spanish. what is proper ethical behavior for you

answer

acknowledge limitations and seek further treatmetn

question

a therapist who broke confidentiality with a patient without the patient's consent because of fears that the person would harm someone else was acting according to the ethical principle of

answer

duty to protect

question

psychologists are ethically bound to keep material about their patients confidential except

answer

when a client is thought to be a danger to another person

question

a landmark california court case, Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, dramatically affected the right to confidentiality between client and therapist. this case led to the conclusion that

answer

protected privilege ends where public peril begins

question

the current code of ethics declares that therapist should break confidentiality even without the client's consent

answer

when the client or another person is threatened

question

if a therapist has a client who is threatening to kill another person, the therapist must inform that other person because of the ethical principle of

answer

duty to protect

question

if you were an air traffic controller and your employer required you to attend a seminar on dealing in healthy ways with stress, you would be receiving

answer

a problem-solving seminar

question

in the workplace, psychological problems are estimated to contribute most to

answer

industrial accidents

question

if you were having marital problems that were affecting your work and your employer made mental health service available to you to deal with those problems, your employer would be providing you with

answer

an EAP (employee assistance program)

question

Peter is having trouble coping with his financial problems and is getting depressed about them. he seeks out someone at his company who helps by counseling employees on such issues and tries to intercept problems before they get out of hand. peter is seeking help from

answer

employee assistance program

question

today, the cost of direct mental health services is mostly paid by

answer

individuals to private insurance companies

question

the type of system that many health insurance companies have set up to try to curtail expenses associated with providing treatment is referred to as

answer

managed care programs

question

a therapist who was worried that patients would receive less costly short-term care rather than more promising long-term treatment, would have treatment monitored by an insurance employee rather than a therapist, and would have confidential treatment reports read by others, is concerned about

answer

managed care programs

question

the rise of managed care programs for treating mental disorders has resulted in

answer

prefer short term rather than long term improvement

question

imagine that you are a therapist treating another therapist for a disorder. what is the therapist most likely to exhibit

answer

depression

question

a recent national mental health survey of psychotherapists found that more than three-quarters of them reported being in therapy themselves at least once, and that they

answer

seeks therapy for problems that bother others

question

if you become a therapist and are like the majority of therapists, you will

answer

feel threatened by patient and experience emotional distress

question

according to our legal system, what is necessary for a person to be punished for a crime

answer

defendants must be responsible for a crime and capable of defending themselves

question

imagine that you are an attorney and that your client has been sentenced to prison with the proviso that he or she will also receive psychological treatment. your client has received a verdict known as

answer

guilty but mentally ill

question

if you were interested in securing a civil commitment for someone you cared about, you would have to show clearly that the person

answer

in need of treatment and dangerous to themselves or others

question

thanks to recent court emphases, mental patients who are hospitalized are guaranteed the right to

answer

adequate treatment and periodical case reviews

question

Surveys show that ______ is a common experience for close to half of all children in the US

answer

worry

question

Nellie is openly hostile toward her parents. she argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. they can not control her. the diagnosis she is most likely to receive is

answer

oppositional defiant disorder

question

xavier will not obey his mother. when threatened with punishment, he swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. his outbreaks seem to be restricted to his parents, but he is almost completely unmanageable. this is an example of

answer

oppositional defiant disorder

question

a child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. the child frequently is aggressive, and has engaged in an increasing number of fights. the most reasonable diagnosis for this child is

answer

conduct disorder

question

Bertie is extremely aggressive. she is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. she never tells the truth when a lie will do. her most likely diagnosis is

answer

conduct disorder

question

a two-year old child is evaluated as "noncompliant" by a preschool teacher. most likely, that child's level of noncompliance at five years of age will be

answer

lower whether child is boy or girl

question

a child sneaks out of the home every now and then, and goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint. these behaviors most closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder

answer

covert-destructive pattern

question

at a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. this behavior most closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder

answer

cover-nondestructive

question

"that kid is pleasant enough, but will lie about practically anything, even things that do not seem to matter much." this behavior most closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder

answer

covert-nondestructive

question

perhaps the biggest problem facing school administrators who try to deal with bullying is that

answer

too much bullying to tell who is dangerous

question

"relational aggression" is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression most common among

answer

girls diagnosed with conduct disorders

question

Carl is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of his "friends" he will say anything to get his way or try to stay out of trouble. recently he was arrested for vandalism and ended up getting probation. he will most likely be labeled as displaying

answer

juvenile delinquency

question

a 16-year-old has just been arrested for the third time for shoplifting. he would most likely be labeled a(n)

answer

juvenile delinquents

question

conduct disorder has most often been associated with

answer

ADHD

question

in effect, parents learn to do behavior therapy with their children diagnosed with conduct disorder-- targeting and rewarding desired behaviors, for instance-- in an intervention called

answer

parent management training

question

Tamara's parents are down on her all the time. when they are not criticizing her, they ignore her. this is an example of

answer

psychological abuse

question

the least effective way to deal with conduct disorder is

answer

having them live in juvenile training center

question

"will that program really help? I keep hearing bad things about how kids act once they leave". based on research, the person who said this would be most accurate if she or he were expressing reservations about

answer

having them live in juvenile training center

question

a preadolescent child has not received a clinical diagnosis participates in a program designed to stop the development of an antisocial pattern of behavior. most likely that program is

answer

prevention program

question

a child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting, and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child

answer

no because it occurs only in one setting

question

pat does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. his behavior in class is disruptive because he can not sit still. he gets poor grades in school. these symptoms indicate

answer

ADHD

question

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is more common in _____ than_____

answer

boys...girls

question

several decades ago, a child had a great deal of difficulty keeping on task in school. not only did the child frequently roam around the classroom and talk to others, the child frequently squirmed around while at a desk. at the time, the child was diagnosed as suffering from "minimal brain damage", today's likely diagnosis would be

answer

ADHD

question

a parent of an infant asks what you would recommend specifically to reduce the chance of the infant developing ADHD. research-based responses would include

answer

make sure child doesn't watch too much tv

question

the drug Ritalin is classified as a

answer

stimulant drug

question

the two most common treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have been

answer

Ritalin and behavioral therapy

question

recent research suggests that the most effective ways to treat ADHD are

answer

drugs and behavioral therapy

question

most Ritalin manufactured each year is used by

answer

90% used by Americans

question

"i'm concerned about Ritalin use; its possible effects on children's growth, and its increasing heart-attack risk in hypertensive adults" an acquaintance worries. your best reply, based on the most recent research is

answer

right to worry, more research needed to quantify risk

question

a child diagnosed with ADHD displays comorbidity, and receives both stimulant medication and a form of behavior therapy. according to research, the comorbidity is most likely

answer

both conduct and disorders

question

Compared to white american children, African American and hispanic american children similar levels of activity and attention problems are

answer

less likely to be diagnosed or assessed for ADHD

question

when asked, a parent says, "why does my kid had ADHD? I guess it is in the genes." given this very limited information, your research-based guess would be that the parent is

answer

white American

question

a 3-year-old child is wetting the bed at night. the bed wetting apparently is beyond the child's control. the best diagnosis is

answer

enuresis

question

joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. he is 10 years old now. as a result, he will not stay over at his friend's house or go to camp. his condition is called

answer

enuresis

question

a child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell, and heads for the bathroom. most likely the child is receiving

answer

bell-and-battery technique

question

a child is awakened during the night, goes to and uses the toilet, and receives a sticker and praise from a parent. later in the week accumulated stickers may be turned in for a highly desired toy. this child is undergoing

answer

dry-bed training

question

"I knew right after we got home from the hospital that our kid had a problem," the parents said. unless the parent is using 20-20 hindsight, the child's diagnosis most likely is

answer

autism

question

the most common and successful treatments for encopresis are

answer

behavioral and medical

question

assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering from a disorder of childhood. if you did not know what the child's diagnosis was, what behavior of the child's might start to convince you that the disorder is autism

answer

child not responsive to others

question

when a child with autism says "you want a drink" when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying

answer

pronominal reversal

question

the mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the call of other birds, without conveying any particular message. a human who imitates others' speech without really communicating most likely would be diagnosed with

answer

autism

question

one speech problem displayed by many autistic children is that they repeat everything said to them. this is called

answer

echolalia

question

ralphie is autistic and does not like much variation in his life. he puts his toys on a shelf in a particular order and throws a tantrum if his mother moves any of them. any one of several trivial changes in his daily routine can set him off. this is an example of

answer

preservation of sameness

question

when a child with autism jumps, flaps her arms, twists her hands and fingers and makes unusual, faces the child is engaging in

answer

self-stimulatory behaviors

question

a person diagnosed with autism listens to a piano piece at a concert. later at home, the person plays the piano piece without the music, and without making a mistake. this behavior is best described as

answer

a "savant"

question

a person diagnosed with Asperger's disorder is extremely curious about why other people think what they think, and has zero tolerance for others' occasionally illogical thinking. according to one classification system, the term for this individual would be

answer

logic boy

question

according to one psychological view of autism, the inability to take another's perspective is not developed in autistic children. this ability is called

answer

therapy of mind

question

most recent research has provided evidence that the primary causes of autism include

answer

brain abnormalties

question

recent studies show that autistic children are more likely than other children to have abnormalities in which section of the brain

answer

cerbellum

question

a therapist works with an autistic child, providing praise and a small spoonful of ice cream whenever the child imitates a specific sound the therapist makes. the therapist is using what type of therapy

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behavioral therapy

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studies of the use of behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism have shown that behavioral techniques can produce

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new, more functional behavior

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recent work has revealed that the most effective treatment for autism has been the use of

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behavioral therapy

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a child with autism points to a picture of a fork in order to say, "I want food." this child is using

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augmentative communication systems

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a child diagnosed with Asperger's disorder learns to make choices, and learns that rules are not necessarily rigid. Facing change and being flexible are other parts of the therapy. most likely, the child is experiencing

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cognitive social integration therapy

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"what is over there?" asks the child, pointing to a distant object, "Does it belong to you?" the child asks the therapist. the therapist answers the child in detail, and praises the child's efforts at communication. most likely, the child is receiving

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child-initiated interactions training for autism

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Fred has an IQ of 65 and cannot do school work. he lives on the streets by begging, is usually dirty, and is always hungry. he would probably be labeled

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mentally retarded

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Quentin is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. however, now he lives on his own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. he would not be considered mentally retarded because

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he has adequate adaptive behavior

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intelligence test results should not be the only things used to determine mental retardation, because intelligence test scores

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display general intellectual functioning

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if you knew that a child had recently been administered the Vineland and AAMR, you could be reasonably sure the childhood disorder being tested for was

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mental retardation

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Seth does well in some school subjects. however, the only way that he can read is slowly, one word at a time. he must direct his gaze with his index finger. even with great efforts, he makes many errors and has poor comprehension. this is a description of.

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reading disorder

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the specific symptoms associated with dyslexia include

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great difficulty recognizing words and comprehending as they read

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Selina displays normal behavior and intelligence, but she does not seem to be able to explain her actions and intentions as well as you would expect. if the deficit is severe enough, she might be diagnosed with

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communication disorder- expressive language disorder

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mild mental retardation is most common in which socioeconomic class

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lower

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about what percentage of those diagnosed with mental retardation fall in the DSM "mild retardation" category

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80-85%

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Isabelle was born into a very poor family. her mother and father were barely able to sustain themselves. they had below-average IQs. Isabelle's nutrition and health care were never very good. she is at risk for

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mild mental retardation

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the most consistent and important difference between retarded and non-retarded people is that a retarded person

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learns slower

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biological factors appear not to be the most important causes of which level of mental retardation

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mild

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if one knew nothing more than that the person with mental retardation also had extensive and severe medical problems and physical handicaps, the best estimate of that person''s level of mental retardation would be

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sever or profound

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most diagnosed cases of Down syndrome are of the ______ type

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trisomi 21

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Paula is moderately retarded, and has a small head and flat face. she also has short fingers. her condition seems to be

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down syndrome

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the most common of the identifies chromosomal causes of Down syndrome is

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...

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an infant is diagnosed with a biological disorder. as the infant ages, its physical and mental conditions deteriorate steadily so that the infant loses vision and motor control, and at the age of 3, the child dies. most likely, the child was suffering from

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trisomi 21

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if a pregnant woman wishes to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), what should she do

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not drink alcohol prior to conceiving or during pregnancy

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Hanna could not metabolize phenylalanine properly when she was born. she is displaying

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phenylketonuria

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an iodine deficiency in the diet of a pregnant woman may lead to a condition in which the baby has a dwarf-like appearance and a defective thyroid gland. this disorder is called

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cretinism

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at the end of the year the criteria for remaining in the state school changed, and Henry was simply released into the community. this is an example of

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deinstitutinalization

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anoxia, one possible source of mental retardation, involved brain damage resulting from

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lack of oxygen during or after

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in poor inner-city neighborhoods, children sometimes eat paint that is flaking off walls. this can lead to mental retardation because of

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lead poisoning

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most children with mental retardation live

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at home

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nations that pioneered "normalization" in the treatment of mental retardation include

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Denmark and Sweden

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Glenda is in a facility for the mentally retarded. she gets up in her apartment, dresses, and goes to the dining room, where she orders breakfast off a menu. she goes to work in a sheltered workshop. at the end of the day she goes home to her apartment and cleans up for dinner. this arrangement is part of

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normalization process

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Fredrick is in public school, but he is grouped with lower-IQ children like him. he and his classmates have a specifically designed program that is different from that of the other children in the school. this is most likely an example of

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special education

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the technique that is often used to teach individuals with mental retardation is

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behavioral

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self-help and communication skills of the mentally retarded are improved most often by the use of

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behavioral techniques

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