Abnormal behavior exam 1 – Flashcards
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If you decide to stand on your desk when your professor is lecturing, your conduct would be outside the stated
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norms
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He believes that the whole concept of mental illness is invalid and is a myth.
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Szasz
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John's family had a difficult time understanding why he chose to wear an overcoat, a hat, and gloves during the summer. This is an example of which of the four D's?
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deviance
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A group of friends decided to "let off some steam" and went to the local auto junkyard everyday to destroy some cars. This is not considered therapy for all of the following EXCEPT: B
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A. while there is a sufferer, there is no healer. B. there is a series of systematic contacts between the sufferer and the inanimate objects. C. there is not a series of systematic contacts between healer and sufferer. D. there is not a trained healer.
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He stated "therapists are not in agreement as to their goals or aims... it seems as though the field is completely chaotic and divided."
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Rodgers
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He stated that all forms of therapy have three key features
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Frank
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The first site of asylum reform is believed to have been at _____________ in Paris.
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La Bicêtre
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He was a Viennese physician who developed the theory of psychoanalysis.
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Freud
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He is considered the founder of the modern study of psychopathology.
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Weyer
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On any given day, at least ______ individuals with severe psychological disturbances receive treatment of any kind.
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100,000
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Before the 1950s, psychotherapy was offered only by
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Psychiatrists
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Only ___ percent of persons with severe psychological disturbances currently receive treatment of any kind.
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40%
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___________ is the total number of cases in the population during a given time period.
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Prevalence
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This is a research method in which the experimenter produces abnormal-like behavior in laboratory participants and then conducts experiments on the participants.
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analogue experiment
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This study observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time.
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longitudinal
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The three main biological treatments include all of the following EXCEPT: A
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A. psychotherapy. B. drug therapy. C. electroconvulsive therapy. D. psychosurgery.
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This disorder is marked by violent emotional outbursts, memory loss, suicidal thinking, involuntary body movements, and absurd beliefs.
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Huntington's disease
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The biological model is best rooted in:
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Medicine
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Kevin was having a difficult time engaging in therapy and frequently changed subjects when his therapist brought up anything about his childhood. Kevin's difficulty with therapy may best be explained by:
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resistance
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Freud would explain an overweight individual as possibly being fixated in which stage of psychosexual development?
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oral
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Jane is overweight and her health is suffering. She explains to her doctor that "food is her only happiness in life and she deserves to be happy." Jane's explanation is an example of:
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rationalization
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He argued that in order to feel happy and function effectively, people must develop a positive sense of self-efficacy.
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Bandura
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When the dog salivates to the sound of the bell, the salivation is the:
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conditioned response
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The behavioral model began in laboratories where psychologists were running experiments on:
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conditioning
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_________________________ is a new cognitive therapy that helps clients to accept many of their problematic thoughts rather than judge them, act on them, or try fruitlessly to change them.
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Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
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This therapy helps people recognize and change their faulty thinking processes.
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cognitive therapy
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He was one of two clinicians who proposed that cognitive processes are at the center of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions.
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Rodgers
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This therapy encourages the client to accept responsibility for their lives and to live with greater meaning and values.
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existential therapy
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He developed a type of therapy in the 1950s which guided clients toward self-recognition and self-acceptance.
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Perls
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They believe that people must have an accurate awareness of themselves and live meaningfully in order to be psychologically well adjusted.
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Existentialists
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This approach seeks to address the pressures of being a woman in Western society.
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gender-sensitive therapies
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According to estimates, there are now between 500,000 and ____ million self-help groups in the United States alone.
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3
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Proponents of the _________________ perspective argue that clinical theorists should concentrate on those broad forces that operate directly on an individual as he or she moves through life.
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family-social
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The MMPI consists of more than _____ self-statements that make up 10 clinical scales, on which the individual can score from 0 to:
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500;120
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The most widely used personality inventory is the
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MMPI
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This is the measure of the consistency of test or research results.
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reliability
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Mental Retardation would be listed on which of the following axes?
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II
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Personality disorders would be listed on which of the following axes?
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II
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He developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behavior in 1883.
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Kraepelin
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A number of studies suggest that more than ___ percent of patients actually seem to get worse because of therapy.
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5
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_____________ is a disorder found among members of Indian tribes in Central and South America and is most likely to occur in infants and young children.
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Susto
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_____________ was a disorder once common among Algonquin Indian hunters where they believed in a supernatural monster than ate human beings and became cannibalistic.
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Windigo
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In any given year, around ____ percent of the adult population develop one of the anxiety disorders at some point in their lives.
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29
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The inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by people with various psychological problems is known as:
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basic irrational assumptions
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Julie was prescribed the following benzodiazepine for her generalized anxiety disorder.
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Ativan
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In some studies, African Americans and Hispanic Americans report having ____ percent more specific phobias than do white Americans.
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50
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Surveys indicate that ___ percent of people in the United States experience a social phobia in a given year.
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7.1
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______________________ is a behavioral treatment that uses relaxation training and a fear hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to the objects or situations they dread.
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systematic desensitization
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Kevin suffers from ______________ and is afraid to leave the house and travel to public places or other locations where escape might be difficult for him.
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agoraphobia
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Around ___ percent of all people in the United States suffer from either panic disorder with or panic disorder without agoraphobia.
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2.8%
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In recent years, the benzodiazepine _______________ has proved effective in the treatment of panic disorder.
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Xanax
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Between __________ percent of people in the United States and other countries throughout the world suffer from OCD in any given year.
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1 and 2
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As many as __________ percent develop OCD at some point during their lives.
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3
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This is an ego defense mechanism in which people suppress an unacceptable desire by taking on a lifestyle that expresses the opposite desire.
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reaction formation
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These are a group of hormones which are released by the adrenal glands at times of stress.
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corticosteroids
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The hypothalamus activates these two important systems when our brain interprets a situation as dangerous.
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the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system
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This is the system of glands located throughout the body that help control important activities such as growth and sexual activity.
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the endocrine system
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Overall, about half of all cases of PTSD improve within ____ months.
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6
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Sarah was the victim of an assault two weeks ago. She has been experiencing nightmares, flashbacks, cannot go out by herself, and has not been sleeping well. Her most likely diagnosis is:
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acute stress disorder
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We now know that as many as ___ percent of all Vietnam veterans suffered an acute or posttraumatic stress disorder.
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29%
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For adults, the most stressful life event on the Social Adjustment Rating Scale is:
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the death of a spouse
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Excessive activity of the neurotransmitter ___________________ apparently contributes to slowdowns of the immune system.
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norepinephrine
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High blood pressure is ___ percent more common among African Americans than among white Americans.
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43%
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Which of the following examples would be considered to be abnormal, because it is dysfunctional?
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a college student who parties so much that he cannot go to class
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Hippocrates's contribution to the development of our understanding of mental illness was the view that such conditions were the result of:
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natural causes
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Part of the downfall of moral therapy was that:
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it did not work for everyone
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"Many people are not aware of the sources of their abnormality, because abnormality often arises from unconscious psychological processes; such people need insight about those processes." Who would agree most strongly with this statement?
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Freud
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One cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades has been the:
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policy of deinstitutionalization
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Researchers who apply different therapy procedures uniformly to a large number of people are most likely using the:
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experimental method
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A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between ratings of life stress and symptoms of depression. Therefore, the researcher may be confident that:
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as life stress increases, so does depression.
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Seligman's study in which he created learned helplessness in the lab is an example of a(n) ______ study.
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analogue
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The model of abnormality that concentrates on thinking is the:
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cognitive model
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The treatment a patient would be least likely to receive is:
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psychosurgery
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Infants tebd to do things that feel good. This is in accord with what Freud called:
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the pleasure principle
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A child's mother is taking a chocolate pudding out of the refrigerator. Which of the following would suggest most strongly that the ego is successfully managing the id?
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the child waits for her mother to leave the room, takes a cup of pudding, and sneaks away.
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What we would call "conscience" is most like what Freud would call the:
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superego
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The model most likely to use terms such as "resistance" and "transference" is the ______ model.
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psychodynamic
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The form of therapy that helps clients recognize errors in logic, and try out new interpretations of events is:
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cognitive
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A family therapist might say that helicopter parents (those who are overly involved in their children's lives) are displaying ______ family pattern.
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an enmeshed
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Providing stress-reduction seminars for local businesses in a community is an example of:
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primary prevention
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Because people who are manic have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy the person feels and how often he or she laughs. This test has:
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face validity
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A clinician has developed a test that requires test takers to tell stories about a series of pictures of city skylines. Most likely, this new test is a:
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projective test
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Compared to projective tests, personality inventories:
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have higher validity
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A cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a:
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syndrome
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Axis III includes:
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any relevant general medical condition.
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Which of the following statements reflects the most current scientific knowledge about the role of GABA in anxiety responses?
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We are not sure whether anxiety causes GABA inactivity or GABA inactivity causes anxiety.
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An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called:
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Phobic disorder
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Harry is terrified of the snakes that his 8-year-old son brings home. During his therapy, his therapist demonstrated how to handle them. This is a form of therapy based on:
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modeling
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Fear differs from anxiety in that:
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fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general.
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The most common mental disorders in the United States are the:
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Anxiety disorders
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Cognitive therapists believe that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by:
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maladaptive assumptions
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The drug treatment that is most effective in treating panic disorder is like that used to treat:
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depression
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Panic disorder develops most often in:
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younger women
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Religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) would be considered a compulsive behavior:
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when they interfere with daily function and cause distress.
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Which of the following is the best example of a stress response?
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horror, dread, and panic
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Activation of the parasympathetic division of the nervous system leads to ______, while activation of the sympathetic division of the nervous system leads to ______.
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overall calming; general arousal
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Those most likely to experience substantial stress symptoms after the terrorist attacks in the U.S. on September 11, 2001:
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lived near New York City.
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Current research suggests that those who experience severe stress:
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have abnormal levels of norepinephrine and cortisol.
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A flash flood hits a small Appalachian community. Those providing critical incident stress debriefing intervention would:
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provide short-term counseling services.
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Researchers have found a link between Type A personality and:
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coronary heart disease
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Almost every night, Cara wakes up terrified and screaming for the boys to get off her. Two years later she still can't get the gang rape out of her mind. The fear, anxiety, and depression are ruining her life. This is an example of:
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a posttraumatic stress disorder.
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A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who refuses to talk about it is:
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experiencing avoidance
