A.P. World History General Vocabulary – Flashcards
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A.D./C.E.
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A.D. (Anno Domini): in the Christian era; used before dates after the supposed year Christ was born C.E. (Current Era): the time period beginning with the supposed year of Christ's birth
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Absolutism
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The acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters
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Agriculture
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The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
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Aristocracy
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The most powerful members of a society
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B.C./B.C.E.
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Before Christ/Before Current Era
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Bias
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Influence in an unfair way
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Bureaucracy
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An administrative organization that relies on nonelective officials and regular procedures
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Chiefdom
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A political organization ruled by a hereditary leader who held power over a collection of villages and towns (less powerful than kingdoms and empires).
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City-State
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A city and its surrounding lands that act as a government
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Civilization
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A society in an advanced state of social development
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Consumerism
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The protection or promotion of the interests of consumers
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Demography
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The scientific study of human populations
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Demographic Shift
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Noticeable changes in population data, including numbers of people, sizes of ethnic groups, etc.
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Diffusion
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The spread of social institutions (and myths and skills) from one society to another
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Divination
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The art or act of predicting the future or discovering hidden knowledge
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Dynasty
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A sequence of powerful leaders in the same family
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Economic Interaction
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Exchanges of goods and services between people
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Economic/Political Prominence
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For the government to lead.
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Economic System
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The method used by a society to produce and distribute goods and services
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Empire
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A group of countries under a single authority
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Epidemic
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A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease
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Forager
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One who searches for food by hunting or gathering
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Forced Labor System
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People who were always demanded to work in agricultural fields, such as slaves and servants
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Global Context/Perspective
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To do something to help one the global economy.
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Global Processes
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A change that affects the everyone.
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Hyperurbanization
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Massive migration to single city, creates primate cities
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Imperial Expansion
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To expand an empire
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Indentured Servant
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Laborers who agree to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America
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Interregional
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Permanent movement from one region to another
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Kingdom
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A monarchy with a king or queen as head of state
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Lord/Vassal relationship
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A relationship between two parties that is equally attractive to both sides.
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Medieval
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Relating to or belonging to the Middle Ages
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Merchant
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Someone who buys and sells goods for a living
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Monotheism
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Belief in a single God
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Nation-State
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A nation composed of multiply independently running states.
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Neolithic
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The period of the Stone Age associated with the beginning of agriculture, before writing and bronze tools
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Nobility
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A high-ranking social class
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Nomad
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A member of a people who have no permanent home but move about according to the seasons
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Ocean
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A massive body of salt water
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Paleolithic
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Relating to the early phase of the Stone Age
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Pandemic
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Widespread or general (usually a disease)
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Papacy
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The government of the Roman Catholic Church
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Pastoral
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Having to do with country life
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Patriarchal
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Relating to a society in which men hold the greatest authority
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Periodization
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Historian's attempt to break down history into manageable segments
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Political Structure
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The way a country's political system shapes, promotes, checks, or absorbs the challenges it confronts from organized civil society
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Polytheism
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The belief in multiple Gods
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Prehistoric
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Belonging to or existing in times before recorded history
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Primary Source
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An original source that informs directly, not through another person's explanation or interpretation
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Revolution
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The overthrow of a government by those who are governed
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Scribe
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To write
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Sea
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A division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land
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Secondary Source
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Information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event
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Serf
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A peasant bound to the lord's land (not a slave)
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Shaman
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The healing specialist of a tribe who attempts to control the spirits thought to cause a disease or injury; commonly called a witch doctor
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Slave
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A servant who is owned by his or her master
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State
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A politically organized body of people under a single government
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Steppes
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Dry, grass-covered plains
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Trade System
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A regularly used system of exchanging goods
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Urban
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Having to do with cities or towns
