A.P. Human Geography – Folk & Pop Culture – Flashcards
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-A group of belief systems, norms and values practiced by a people
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Culture
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-1 of 2 ways -People identify themselves as a culture -Others can label a certain group of people as a culture
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How is culture recognized?
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-Small -Incorporates a homogeneous population -Typically rural -Cohesive in cultural traits -Work to preserve those traits in order to claim uniqueness
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Folk Culture
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What a group of people make (SEE) -Buildings, art, furniture, clothing, musical instruments
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Material Culture
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Beliefs, practices, myths, aesthetics and values of a group of people
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Nonmaterial Culture
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-Large -Incorporates heterogeneous populations -Typically urban -Experiences quick changing cultural traits -Practiced by people across identities and across the world -Encompasses material and nonmaterial culture
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Popular Culture
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-Mass-produced -Diffused by mass media - film, print, television, radio, internet -Many superficial relationships -Less attached to place/environment -Police, army, and courts rule - not family and church -Promotes individualism
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Pop Culture Characteristics
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-Often begins with contagious diffusion
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Hearths of Popular Culture
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-Hierarchial diffusion -Uses urban hierarchy -Distance decay -David Harvey - Time space compression
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How is popular culture diffused?
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-Since technology links some places more closely than others, culture diffuses more quickly rather than at a constant rate
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David Harvey: Time-Space Compression
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-Edward Relph -Spatial Standardization -Diminishes regional variety
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Pop Culture - Placelessness
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-Popular culture does NOT take over the existing popular culture, rather a process called deterritorialization of popular culture occurs -Produce popular culture themselves in the context of their own culture - make it their own
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Reterritorialization
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-Assimilation of certain groups destroyed local culture -Local culture sustained through customs -The goals of local cultures is to keep other cultures out and keep their culture in
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How are local cultures sustained?
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-Customs - climate, soil, and vegetation -Responsive to environment bc low level of technology and agricultural economy -2 neccesities of life: Food and shelter
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Influence of the Physical Environment
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-Derived from the environment -Adapt food preferences to environmental conditions
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Distinctive Food Preferences
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-Everything has a signature or distinct characteristic -People eat and don't eat certain things based on whether it is acceptable o not socially -Factor 1: Nutritional Value Factor 2: Custom/ Tradition/Myth Factor 3: Indigenous to the area
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Food Attraction and Taboos
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-Taboo to eat anything that is thought to embody negativity -May establish food taboos to protect the environment -Religion and values also play a role in food taboos
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Taboo
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-Distinctive Building Materials influenced by location, resources available and social factors -Distinctive house form and orientation result from customary beliefs of environmental factors -Housing and environment homes are constructed based on the environment
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Folk Housing
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-Fred Kniffen - 3 major hearths of folk house forms in the us -NE Saltbox, two chimney, cape cod, front gable and wing -Mid atlantic, "I" house -Lower chespaeake one story w/ steep roof and two chimneys -Today: NOT DISTINCTIVE -rapid communication ; transportation -don't build the houses they live in
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U.S. Folk House Forms
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-Architecture forms + planning ideas have diffused -Individual businesses + products are widespread -Borrowing of idealized landscape
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Why are cultural landscapes so similar?
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-Strip Malls - Landscape of Consumption
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Pop Culture Landscape
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Entertainment Landscapes - DisneyWorld, Golf Course
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Leisure Landscapes
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Forests, mountains, lakes
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Amenity Landscapes
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Wealthy districts - French Riviera, the Hamptons
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Elitist Landscape
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-Characterized by income and job characteristics -Improved communication -Exposure to folk dress due to increased travel + television
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Rapid Diffusion of Clothes
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-Preference based on what is made, grown or imported locally -Also affected by background -Dependent on income and advertising
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Snack Foods and Beverages
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-Significant Custom Because: -Most popular leisure activity -Most important means by which culture is diffused
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Role of TV in diffusing Popular Culture
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-Money : Rising income increases demand for items valued in popular culture -Can lead to domination of folk culture -Loss of traditional values (clothing) -Change in traditional role of women -Can cause problems in LDC's - prostitution
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Threat to Folk Culture
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-Threatens LDC's independence -Seen as a new type of economic + cultural imperialism -Allow governments of LDC to censor shows and/or only program shows appropriate to tradition values
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Threat of Foreign Media Imperialism
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-Modifies nature -Uniform landscapes - seen to generate product recognition + greater consumption
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Environmental Impact of Popular Culture
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-Increased demand for natural resources -Depletion of resources and/or extinction of species -Inefficient use of resources -Pollution -Popular culture produces a lot of waste -Folk culture can also negatively impact the environment by ignoring natural processes
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Negative Environmental Impacts
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The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act
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Custom
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A repetitive act performed by a particular individual
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Habit
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A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom
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Taboo
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The contribution of a location's distinctive physical features to the way food tastes
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Terroir
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A center of innovation
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Hearth
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-Folk songs tell a story or convey information about daily activities such as farming, life-cycle events (birth, death, and marriage), or mysterious events such as storms and earthquakes
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Folk Songs
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-Popular music is written by specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to a large number of people -It displays a high degree of technical skill and is frequently capable of being performed only in a studio with electronic equipment -Originated around 1900s
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Popular Music
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-A more recent form of popular music that also originated in New York -Hip-hop originated in the late 1970s in the South Bronx, a neighborhood predominantly populated by low income African American and Puerto Rican people -Hip hop demonstrates the interplay between globalization and local diversity -Hip hop is a return to a very local form of music expression rather than form that is studio manufactured -At the same time, hip hop has diffused rapidly around the world through instruments of globalization: the music is broadcast online and sold through Web marketing
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Hip-Hop Music
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-Hollywood, California for the film industry and Madison Avenue in NYC for advertising agencies -Popular culture diffuses rapidly and extensively through the use of modern communications and transportation
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Prominent Nodes of Innovation for Popular Culture
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-Folk culture is transmitted from one location to another more slowly and on a smaller scale, primarily through migration rather than electronic communication -The spread of folk culture occurs through relocation diffusion the spread of a characteristic through migration
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How is Folk Culture Spread?
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The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.
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Relocation Diffusion
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Many sports originated through as isolated folk customs and were diffused like other folk culture, through the migration of individuals
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Diffusion of Sports
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Because of their limited technology and the prevailing agricultural economy. People living in folk cultures are likely to be farmers growing their own food, using hand tools and animal power.
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Why are folk cultures responsive to the environment?
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-Folk food habits are embedded especially strongly in the environment
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Folk Food Habits
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Older houses in the US display local folk-culture traditions
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U.S. Folk Housing
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Aka tidewater style of house typically comprised one story, with a steep roof and chimneys at either end Migrants spread these houses from the chesapeake bay along the southeast coast
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The Lower Chesapeake
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middle atlantic region's principal house type was known , typically two full stories in height, with gables to the sides middle atlantic migrants carried their house type westward
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Middle Atlantic
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migrants carried house types northward to upper New England and Westward across the southern Greak lakes region
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New England
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The distinctive character of a wine derives from a unique combination of soil, climate, and other physical characteristics at the place where the grapes were grown
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Wine
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Mansard, neo-tudor, neb-french, neo-colonial
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Neo-Ecelectic
