question

An anatomist cuts a cadaver with a large saw in a way that divides the cadaver into equal left and right halves. The cut is along a (blank) plane. a. sagittal b. coronal c. frontal d. transverse e. none of the above

answer

(mid)sagittal

question

The (blank) are part of the respiratory system. a. Esophagus b. stomach c. kidneys d. trachea

answer

trachea

question

In many study skulls the top of the skull can be removed so that inner features can be see. Along which plane should one cut to open the top of a human study skull? a. sagittal b. coronal c. midline d. transverse d. b and c are correct

answer

transverse

question

Anatomy is the study of (blank), while physiology is the study of (blank). a. structure, function b. function, structure c, Humans, all life

answer

structure, function

question

The (blank) system synthesizes vitamin D, and helps regulate body temperature. a. Lymphatic b. Integumentary c. endocrine d. respiratory

answer

integumentary

question

Which of these regions contains the belly button? a. epigastric b. hypogastric c. left hypochondriac d. right hypochondriac e. umbilical

answer

umbilical

question

One of the (blank) system's key functions is movement. a. respiratory b. muscle c. lymphatic d. skeletal e. b and c f. b and d

answer

muscle and skeletal

question

Soccer players often wear shin protectors to shield the (blank) region of each leg. a. femoral b. tibial c. popliteal d. crural e. gluteal

answer

crural

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of life? a. Growth b. reproduction c. excretion d. circulation e. responsiveness f. all

answer

all

question

Put the following terms in order: a. organism b. tissue c. atom d. cell e. molecule f. organ system g. organ

answer

atom cell molecule tissue organ organ system organism

question

In the anatomical position the palm of ones hands are facing. a. dorsal b. medial c. lateral d. ventral e. superior

answer

ventral

question

Control and regulation of other systems are primary functions of the a. nervous system b. cardiovascular system c. endocrine system d. urinary system e. a and c

answer

nervous system and endocrine system

question

The head is (blank) to the feet.

answer

superior

question

Sweat glands are part of the (blank) system.

answer

Integumentary

question

A leg amputation is likely to involve a (blank) cut of section, through bone.

answer

transverse

question

My lower back, or (blank), is sore.

answer

lumbar

question

The cheeks are found in the (blank) body region.

answer

buccal

question

The first finger is (blank) to the hand.

answer

distal

question

The heart is (blank) to the right lung.

answer

medial

question

The shoulder is (blank) to the elbow.

answer

proximal

question

The skin is (blank) relative to the skeleton.

answer

superficial

question

Adipose tissue is often just (blank) to the skin.

answer

deep

question

The right lower ribs are found in the (blank) region

answer

abdominal

question

What is homeostasis and why is it vital for the human body?

answer

Homeostasis is the dynamic process of keeping the body within the appropriate temperature range. One of the five necessities of life is having appropriate temperature so the process of keeping the body in a normal temperature range (homeostasis) is one of the necessities of life. If there was no homeostasis things would not work right and we would die.

question

A chemical that is made of 2 or more different elements is an ATOM. (t/f)

answer

false (molecule)

question

Chains of amino acids make PROTEINS. (t/f)

answer

True

question

The compound water is an ORGANIC compound. (t/f)

answer

false (inorganic)

question

Cholesterol is an example of PROTEINS. (t/f)

answer

False (steroids)

question

A major role of LIPIDS is to store long term energy. (t.f)

answer

true

question

Electrons have a NEGATIVE charge. (t.f)

answer

True

question

A major role of CARBOHYDRATES s to store genetic information. (t.f)

answer

false (nucleic acid)

question

The bond that forms when electrons are shared between atoms is called a. ionic bond b. covalent bond c. hydrogen bond d. valence bond

answer

covalent bond

question

Carbohydrates that consist of 2 sugars a. monosaccharide b. disaccharides c. polysaccharides d. amino acids

answer

disaccharides

question

glucose and fructose are examples of a. monosaccharide b. disaccharides c. polysaccharides d. amino acids

answer

monosaccharide

question

What lipid types is the foundation of cell membranes? a. triglyceride b. steroid c. phospholipid d. prostaglandin

answer

phospholipid

question

Proteins are built by many a. steroids b. amino acids c. nucleic acids d. nucleotides

answer

amino acids

question

Jeanine has a blood pH of 7.48. What does this mean? a. slightly acidic b. slightly basic c. highly acidic d. in normal range

answer

slightly basic/alkaline

question

Which of the following is a functional group that is a part of a building block of proteins? a. phosphate b. adenine c. amino d. ribose

answer

amino

question

Which organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel? a. glucose b. glycogen c. galactose d. glycerol

answer

glucose

question

Which of the following is not part of nucleotides? a. 4 rings of carbon b. 5 carbon sugar c. phosphate group d. nitrogenous base

answer

4 rings of carbon (it is part of steroids)

question

The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons d. atoms

answer

electrons

question

Sucrose is a a. monosaccharide b. amino acid c. hormone d. disaccharide

answer

disaccharide

question

Which of the following is a carbohydrate? a. N6H12O6 b. C12H12)12 c. Ca9H12O6 d. C6H12O6

answer

C6H12O6 (1:2:1)

question

What element is the organic element? Explain why this is the organic element.

answer

Carbon. This is because it shares its electrons in the valence shell with other atoms. It can bond covalently (which is a stronger bond than ionic) with itself (double carbon band) and other atoms. It can bond with a lot of things (4 electrons in valence shell) allowing bigger molecules to be made.

question

What is ATP's central role in the body?

answer

It is the energy currency of the cell (energy usage, not storage).

question

Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturate fats, including which is healthier. What does it mean for a fat to be "hydrogenated" and what is it called?

answer

Saturated is the unhealthy fat because it is a trans fat, hydrogenated, (artificially putting hydrogen in it). It is stick straight. Unsaturated is the more healthy fat, has less Hydgrogen, and it's formation has a bend.

question

If a liquid is labeled as acidic, would it more likely have a pH of 3,7, or 12? What can you say about the concentration of H+ ions in the liquid.

answer

3. It has more H+ (the more acidic something is the more H+ ions there are).

question

Just four elements make up 96% of living matter? What are the four elements? Explain why each is important.

answer

Hydrogen= it is a huge part of the acids (H+) and is found bonded with carbon a lot. It is also needed for water Oxygen= needed for metabolism and water Carbon= it is one of the best bonders in a moleculre (due to the fact it shares its electrons) and is in all organic molecules. Also creates bigger molecules Nitrogen= central for both proteins and nucleic acids (DNA)

question

Water has several unique qualities, one of them being high specific heat. Explain how this characteristic of water helps our body maintain homeostasis.

answer

High specific heat describes the fact that water holds heat very well. This helps keep the body at a constatn temperature, which is crucial for homeostasis. If water did not hold heat well the body would constanty fluctuate in temp., which would change parts of the body.

question

This organelle is responsible for making proteins. a. endoplasmic reticulum b. ribosomes c. nucleolus d. golgi apparatus

answer

ribosomes

question

molecules naturally want to move a. from high to low concentration b. from low to high concentration c. concentration really does not matter

answer

high to low

question

phospholipid heads are a. fatty acids b. hydrophilic c. found on inside of bilayer d. hydrophobic

answer

hydrophilic

question

Transport that requires energy is called a. passive b. kinetic c. active d. potential

answer

active

question

primary function is the production of energy, found in large numbers in muscle cells a. lysosome b. peroxisome c. nucleus d. mitochondria

answer

mitochondria

question

Correct order of mitosis is a. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase b. telophaes, metaphase, prophase, anaphase c. anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase d. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

answer

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

question

A cell that is in a (blank) solution will swell up and possibly lyse (break open). a. isotonic b. hypertonic c. hypotonic d. cold

answer

hypotonic

question

An extension of cells used for movment is the a. microvilli b. cilia c. flagella d. b and c

answer

cilia and flagella

question

what is the largest cell in the human body? a. bone cell b. white blood cell c. lipid cell d. egg cell

answer

egg

question

What kinds of substances diffuse most readily through a cell membrane ? a. water b. polysaccharides c. lipids d. protein

answer

lipids

question

A cell with 40% salt concen. is placed in a 40% salt solution. The cell is a. isotonic b. hypertonic c. hypotonic d. sweet

answer

isotonic

question

Hydrophobic means (m/c)

answer

repel water

question

For diffusion to occur there must be a. a selectively permeable membrane b. equal amounts of solute c. a concentration gradient d. some sort of carrier system e. all of the above

answer

concentration gradient

question

A cell stimulated to increase its steroid production will have abundant a. ribosomes b. rough ER c. smooth ER d. golgi apparatus e. secretory vesicles

answer

smooth ER

question

This motile structure is only found in sperm cells a. cilia b. microvilli c. flagella d. wings

answer

flagella

question

The cytoskeleton has two main cell fibers. The (blank) are smaller and made of the protein actin and the (blank) are larger and made of globular tubulin proteins. a. cilia, flagella b. microfilaments, microtubules c. microtubules, microfilaments d. microvilli, microtubules

answer

microfilaments, microtubues

question

Which of the following are possible functions of the glycoproteins (carbohydrate attached to protein) in the plasma membrane? a. determination of blood groups b. binding sites for toxins/ bacteria c. aiding the binding of sperm and egg d. increasing the efficiency of absorption

answer

determination of blood groups

question

immune cells have a lot of (blank) inside them to aid in digesting infectious bacteria. a. lysosome b. mitochondria c. nucleus d. vacuole

answer

lysosome

question

This molecule is responsible for keeping the plasma membrane from breaking. a. protein b. lipid c. cholesterol d. steroid

answer

cholesterol

question

Match terms w/ def (more than one answer 1. Osmosis 2. Diffusion 3. phagocytosis 4. pinocytosis 5. active transport 6. facilitated diffusion 7. exocytosis a. does not require energy b. requires energy c. diffusion of water d. uses carrier protein- goes with concentration gradient e. sends material out of the cell f. cell bringing in liquid substances g. molecules and ions spreading spontaneously from high concentration to low concentration h. cell bringing in solid particles i. material does no cross cell membrane

answer

1. Osmosis (c, a) 2. Diffusion (a,g) 3. phagocytosis (i,h,b) 4. pinocytosis (i, f, b) 5. active transport (b) 6. facilitated diffusion (d, a) 7. exocytosis (i, e, b)

question

What does the term composite cell mean? Why do we study composite cells?

answer

Composite cells refer to the basic cell that people learn. Cells are made up differently depending on their function (muscle cells have more mitochondria than others for example). The composite cell generalizes the cell so that people can learn the basics. We study it to get a basic understanding of the cell so that we can later delve deeper into more specific cells.

question

All human cells have at the very least 3 structures, what are they?

answer

Plasma membrane nucleus cytoplasm

question

explain why phospholipids organize into a bilayer in an aqueous environment. Include how they position themselves (head positions, tail positions) in the bilayer.

answer

Phospholipid heads are hydrophillic, whiles its tails are hydrophobic. In a water environment the tails will seek to get away from the water, while the heads will seek the water. This makes the tails of 2 phospholipid align toward each other to create a barrier that water can't penetrate without help. The heads will face towards the water, away from each other. Their alignment makes them both happy.

question

Explain the effect of the following solutions on living cells: hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic

answer

hypertonic: there is more solute outside of the cell, making the water leave the cell, which causes the cell to shrink isotonic: equal amount of solute inside and outside of cell. Water is still moving in and out, it is just doing so at an equal rate. Cell size/ shape stays the same. hypotonic: more solute in cell, causing water to go into cell, causing it to swell and in extreme cases burst.

question

Which of the following is not a function of muscles a. movement b. temp regulation c. hematopoiesis d. posture

answer

hematopoiesis

question

The major muscles used in doing pushups are a. biceps brachii and brachialis b. supraspinatus and subscapularis c. coracobrachialis and latissimus dorsi d. triceps brachii and pectoralis major

answer

d. triceps brachii and pectoralis major

question

Arm and leg muscles are arranged in atagonistic pairs. How does this affect their functioning? a. it provides a backup if one of the muscles is injured b. one muscle of the pair pushes while the other pulls c. a single neuron controls both of them d. it allows the muscles to produce opposing movements

answer

d. it allows the muscles to produce opposing movements

question

The (blank) muscles stabilize joints so that the prime mover can act at a more distal joint. a. antagonist b. synergist c. agonist d. fixator

answer

fixator

question

muscle A and muscle B are the same size, but muscle A is capable of much finer control than muscle B. Which of the following is likely to be true of muscle A? a. It is controlled by more neurons than muscle B b. It contains fewer motor unnits than muscle B. c. It is controlled by fewer neurons than muscle B d. Each of its motor units consists of more cells than motore units of muscle B

answer

a. It is controlled by more neurons than muscle B

question

Another term for prime mover is a. antagonist b. synergist c. agonist d. fixator

answer

agonist

question

a motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimuates is called a a. muscle b. muscle finer c. motor unit d. antagonist

answer

motor unit

question

The gap between the nerve ending and the muscle cell is the a. neuron cleft b. neuromuscular junction c. nerve junction d. muscular cleft

answer

b. neuromuscular junction

question

The neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle contraction is a. acetylcholine b. actinin c. cholinotinase d. fascia

answer

acetycholine

question

A (blank) is a contraction in which the muscle shortens and work is done. a. tetanus b. isometric contraction c. whole muscle contraction d. isotonic contraction

answer

isotonic contraction

question

If there is less tone than normal it is referred to as a. spastic b. ripped c. flaccid d. isotonic

answer

flaccid

question

A muscle that performs the same movement as the prime mover is the a. antagonist b. synergist c. agonist d. fixator

answer

synergist

question

During muscle movement the end of the muscle that moves is the a. action b. origin c. distal end d. insertion

answer

insertion

question

(blank) muscles are striated and involuntary a. skeletal b. smooth c. intestinal d. cardiac

answer

cardiac

question

When a muscle fiber contracts what happens to the a. Length of A-band b. Length of I-band c. Length of H-Zone d. Length of sacromere

answer

a. stays same b. shortens c. shortens d. shortens

question

Explain difference between atrophy and hypertrophy

answer

Atrophy is the decrease in muscle size (you lose 1% muscle strength for every day on bed rest). Hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size (new cells are not formed when muscle grows. Instead structural proteins are added to muscle fiber through hypertrophy, causing cell diameter to increase.

question

Explain how muscles become fatigued.

answer

Muscle fatigue is when a muscle can no longer contract in response to signals from nervous system. Muscle loses ability to contract due to lack of ATP (during intense exercise there may be a lack of oxygen, which is needed for ATP). Lactic acid build up may affect enzyme and protein activity. There are two types of respiratory exercise: aerobic respiration (requires oxygen- 38 ATP per glucose). Aerobic respiration (no oxygen) burns more fat quicker (2 ATP per glucose)., forms lactic acid, often results in oxygen debt (heavy breathing) to process lactic acid.

question

Kara a masseuse gave a man a back rub. What 2 broad superficial muscles of the back recieve bulk of her attention.

answer

Trapezius, latissmus dorsi

question

Joseph has severe constipation and contractions in his lower digestive tract. He learnes the neres that go to his lower digestive tract are damaged. How can a problem w/ muscles be a problem with nerves

answer

Nerves tell the muscles what to do. If a nerve becomes damaged they may send false info to muscles or the muscles will not recieve a signal at all.

question

Describe the fascicle arrangement in the muscles of the abdominal wall. How do they relate to each other.

answer

They are in layers. Internal and external obliques run in a diagonal direction. The transverse abdominis wraps around the trunk (midsection) of the body. The rectus abdominus goes down the middle of the body in a straight line. They all work together to keep a person's posture and some relax while others contract.

question

Explain how skeletal muscles provide moevemement, heat and posture. Are all of these functions unique to muscles? Eplain

answer

Skeletal muscle moves bones by recieving acetelecholine from a motor nerve that triggers an action potential across the muscle fibers. Muscle fibers contain actin and myosin, which are the function components of muscle contraction. Movement of a bone occurs when the muscle attached is being shortened. The chemical reactions that cause muscle contraction generate heat. Tenocity, the continuous partial contraction of muscles, helps our posture. No these functions are not all unique (movement shared with skeletal).

question

Number the following statements in their proper sequence to describe the contraction mechanism in a skeletal muscle cell. a. Acetylcholine diffuses across the neuromuscular junction and binds to sarcolemma. b. Acetylcholine is released into the neuromuscular junction. c. Actin filaments slide past each other and cell shortens= contraction d. Calcium ions bind to troponin, changing shape of tropomyosin. e. calcium ion concentration increases f. Nerve impulse received at the distal end of motor neuron g. Actin binding site is revealed and myosin heads bind to it. h. Calcium is reabsorbed into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ion concentration decreases i. Muscle cell relaxes and lengthens

answer

a. Acetylcholine diffuses across the neuromuscular junction and binds to sarcolemma. - 3 b. Acetylcholine is released into the neuromuscular junction. - 2 c. Actin filaments slide past each other and cell shortens= contraction -7 d. Calcium ions bind to troponin, changing shape of tropomyosin. -5 e. calcium ion concentration increases - 4 f. Nerve impulse received at the distal end of motor neuron -1 g. Actin binding site is revealed and myosin heads bind to it. - 6 h. Calcium is reabsorbed into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ion concentration decreases -8 i. Muscle cell relaxes and lengthens -9

question

Match: 1. raise eyebrows 2. pucker up for a kiss 3. prime mover to close jaw 4. head flexion 5. blinking 6. shrugging 5. flexes the upper arm 8. flexes trunk a. trapezius b. sternocleidomastoid c. masseter d. orbicularis oculi e. occipitofrontals f. biceps brachii g. rectus abdominis h. orbicularis oris

answer

1. raise eyebrows - e 2. pucker up for a kiss - h 3. prime mover to close jaw - c 4. head flexion - b 5. blinking -d 6. shrugging -a 5. flexes the upper arm - f 8. flexes trunk -g a. trapezius b. sternocleidomastoid c. masseter d. orbicularis oculi e. occipitofrontals f. biceps brachii g. rectus abdominis h. orbicularis oris

question

A (blank) is a contraction in which the muscle does not shorten, but tension in the muscle keeps increasing. a. whole muscle contraction b. isotonic contraction c. isometric contraction d. tetanus

answer

isometric

question

Histology is the study of a. membranes b. tissues c. history of life d. blood

answer

tissues

question

A tendon connects a. bone to bone b. muscle to muscle c. muscle to organs d. muscle to bone

answer

muscle to bone

question

The most durable and strongest cartilage is a. reticular b. hyaline c. elastic d. fibrocartilage

answer

fibrocartilage

question

Transitional Epithelial Tissues are found primarily in the a. muscles b. trachea c. outer ear d. urinary system

answer

urinary system

question

The most abundant cartilage type is a. hyaline b. elastic c. fibrocartilage d. adipose

answer

hyaline

question

If tissue is said to be avascular, it a. has an expansive vascular network b. has no blood supply c. has easy access to nutrients d. has a lot of cells

answer

has no blood supply

question

Intervertebral discs are composed of a. hyaline cartilage b. dense fibrous tissue c. elastic cartilage d. fibrocartilage

answer

fibrocartilage

question

A ligament connects a. bone to bone b. muscle to muscle c. muscle to organs d. muscle to bone

answer

bone to bone

question

Tendons and ligaments are both a. areolar connective tissue b. hyaline cartilage tissue c. dense fibrous tissue d. muscle tissue

answer

dense fibrous tissue

question

skeletal muscle are not a. striated b. voluntary c. uninucleic d. attached to bone

answer

uninucleic

question

Adipose tissue is what type of Connective tissue a. blood b. cartilage c. reticular d. fibrous

answer

fibrous

question

One of the bones important functions is to form blood cells, this process is known as a. hematopoeisis b. hemocytin c. avascular d. erythrocytis

answer

hematopoeisis

question

Glands that secrete their products into ducts are called a. secretion glands b. exocrine glands c. endocrine glands d. hemocrine glands

answer

exocrine glands

question

Our outer ear is composed of a. hyaline cartilage b. elastic cartilage c. fibrocartilage d. ligaments

answer

elastic cartilage

question

A cartilage cell is known as a a. squamos cell b. osteocyte c. chondrocyte d. leucocyte

answer

chondrocyte

question

Match tissue type with its role: 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. muscle 4. Nervous a. allows movement b. binds, support, protects, stores fat, produces blood c. transmits electrical impulses d. protects, secretes, absorbs,, excretes

answer

1. Epithelial - d 2. Connective - b 3. muscle -a 4. Nervous -c a. allows movement b. binds, support, protects, stores fat, produces blood c. transmits electrical impulses d. protects, secretes, absorbs,, excretes

question

Match muscle type w/ characteristic 1. smooth 2. skeletal 3. cardiac a. striated b. voluntary c. multinucleated d. uninucleated e. involuntary f. intercalated discs g. nonstriated

answer

1. smooth - e, g, d 2. skeletal - a, b, c 3. cardiac - d, e, f, a a. striated b. voluntary c. multinucleated d. uninucleated e. involuntary f. intercalated discs g. nonstriated

question

What is tissue?

answer

Tissue is a group of cells that share a similar structure and function

question

****Bone, blood, and cartilage look different and have different functions, yet they are all connective tissues. What is the basis for their similar classification.

answer

They are highly vascular (having lots of blood vessels) and they all have high cellularity (lots of cells in one place)

question

Why do injuries to cartilage take a long time to heal?

answer

Cartilage doesn't have a lot of blood supply Steps to healing: - what type of tissue is it - how sever is the injury - regeneration of cells - a dense fibrous tissue will replace old Cartilage injuries are usually more severe and when it heals it is not replaced by the same cells so they never fully heal. The cells are also just slower at producing (epithelial regenerates very fast).

question

In the lungs of smokers a process called metaphasia occurs where the normal lining cells of the lung (simple squamous epithelium) are replaced by squamous metaplastic cells (stratified squamous epithelium). Functionally, why is this undesirable?

answer

Epithelial tissue is avascular. meaning their is no blood vessels. so the only way for nutrients to get by is because the epithelial tissue is thin. If smokers simple squamous epithelium is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium, the tissue gets thicker, making it more difficult for nutrients to diffuse.

question

Baldness can be the result of genetics, stress, hormones, or nutrition. The medical term for baldness is a. hypomalinen b. alopecia c. decubitia d. cornelia

answer

alopecia

question

which is not part of the skin a. epidermis b. hypodermis c. dermis d. ligaments

answer

ligaments

question

skin cancer that is due to intensive effects of radiation a. basal cell carcinoma b. cuboidal cell carcinoma c. squamous cell carcinoma d. malignant melanoma

answer

malignant melanoma

question

Which of the following does not influence hair growth a. blood flow b. nutrition c. concentration of melanocytes d. hormones

answer

concentration of melanocytes

question

Condition in which no melanin is produced at all a. pallor b. albinism c. decubitus d. hematomas

answer

albinism

question

What is the major factor accounting for the waterproof nature of skin? a. desmosomes in stratum corneum b. the thick insulating fat of the hypodermis c. the keratin in the superficial layers of the dermis d. the presence of hair follicles

answer

the keratin in the superficial layers of the dermis

question

Sweat gland that is found mainly in the axillary and anogenital regions of the body a. eccrine gland b. sebaceous gland c. meissner's corpuscle d. apocrine gland

answer

apocrine gland

question

The most mitotic layer of the epidermis is (m/c)

answer

stratum basale

question

The layer of the cutaneous membrane that is avascular a. epidermis b. dermis c. papillary layer d. hypodermis

answer

epidermis

question

The area of cell growth for nails (white semicircle) (m./c)

answer

lunula

question

Being tickled by a feather would activate what structure in skin? a. Stratum basale b. pacinian corpuscle c. arrector pili muscle d. meissner's corpuscle

answer

meissners corpuscle

question

Ear wax is the secretion from what gland? a. sebaceous b. ceruminous c. eccrine d. apocrine

answer

ceruminous

question

The epithelial membrane that lines open cavities is the a. serous b. synovial c. cutaneous d. mucous

answer

mucous

question

The serous membrane has a double membrane and serous fluid in between membranes to (m.c)

answer

reduce friction

question

Hair is a very important skin appendage and aids in all of the following except a. protects eyes from dust/ allergens b. protect skin from UV radiation from sun c. aid in expelling heat from body d. aid in retaining heat

answer

aid in expelling heat from body

question

What layer(s) of skin are heavily keratinized? (all that apply) a. stratum spinosum b. stratum lucidium c. stratum granulosum d. stratum corneum e. stratum basale

answer

stratum lucidium stratum corneum

question

A clogged (blank) gland will cause acne. (m.c)

answer

sebaceous

question

The Rule of Nine's is used to a. identify if you have skin cancer b. help find the multiples of 9 c. Identify how severe a burn is

answer

Identify how severe a burn is

question

What primary layer or layers of cutaneous membrane has the splinter gone through if there is no blood. a. epidermis only b. dermis only c. both epidermis and dermis d. stratum basale only

answer

epidermis only

question

If the splinter went into Aidan's arm instead of his finger, which of these layers would the splinter NOT have pierced? a. a. stratum spinosum b. stratum lucidium c. stratum granulosum d. stratum corneum

answer

stratum lucidum

question

This puncture has broken Aidan's intact skin barrier and now may allow bacteria or other pathogens to enter. What cells will help identify these pathogens for destrcution? a. keratinocytes b. melanocytes c. Langerhans cells d. pacinian corpuscles

answer

langerhans cells

question

Match: 1. Lack of blood flow: paleness 2. yellowish color: liver damage 3. bluish color: lack of oxygen 4. redness: heat, inflammation, fever 5. genetically black but white: not melanin produced 6. bronze (tan): from Addison's disease 7. black and blue: blood under skin a. hematomas b. albinism c. cyanosis d. pallor e. jaundice f. erythema g. bronzing

answer

1. Lack of blood flow: paleness - d 2. yellowish color: liver damage -e 3. bluish color: lack of oxygen - c 4. redness: heat, inflammation, fever - f 5. genetically black but white: not melanin produced -b 6. bronze (tan): from Addison's disease -g 7. black and blue: blood under skin -a a. hematomas b. albinism c. cyanosis d. pallor e. jaundice f. erythema g. bronzing

question

Match: 1. Basal cell carcinoma 2. Squamous cell carcinoma 3. Malignant Melanoma a. Least malignant b. most common c. 99% cure rate d. 2nd most common skin cancer e. cumulative effects f. metastizes to lymph nodes g. intesnive effects h. metasisizes rapidly to lymph and blood i. most deadly

answer

1. Basal cell carcinoma - a, b, c, e 2. Squamous cell carcinoma - d,e, f 3. Malignant Melanoma - g, h, i a. Least malignant b. most common c. 99% cure rate d. 2nd most common skin cancer e. cumulative effects f. metastizes to lymph nodes g. intesnive effects h. metasisizes rapidly to lymph and blood i. most deadly

question

What are the functions of the hypodermis?

answer

- Connects the dermis and epidermis to connective tissue (and rest of body) - very vascular (has blood vessels) , provides and carries nutrients for the dermis and takes the nutrients from the dermis and transports them to other parts of the body, through things like blood vessels (kinda like a bridge)

question

What 2 factors in the treatment of critical 3rd degree burn patients are absolutely essential?

answer

Making sure that they stay hydrated (dehydration is a common side effect of burns) and preventing infection (in a third degree burn the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis are destroyed which means the body is more susceptible to bacteria and other foreign invaders)

question

What does ABCD stand for and what is it used for?

answer

It is used for the detection of skin cancer A= asymmetry B= Border irregularity C= Color D= Diameter

question

When some people go out in the sun they "tan" (become a darker color). What is happening in their skin and what is the reason for doing so?

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Their skin is absorbing the heat and UV rays from the sun, temporarily changing the way your epidermis looks and reflects light. The cells in the epidermis are constantly regrowing (we get new cells about every 45 days) so if a person no longer is out in the sun they will go back to normal. The stratum basale in the epidermis has melanocytes, which produce melanin, and are one of the determing factors of skin pigment. One of the melanocytes job is UV protection (you make more to protect from sun when you are outside longer) but to much sunlight especially at a higher altitude or at certain times of the day will be to much for your skin and will change the color of melanin, thereby changing the appearance of your skin.

question

Concern about skin cancer is reducing the amount of time people spend in the sun. If this caution is carried to the extreme, how would you explain the impact on the skin function?

answer

It would be very bad because the sun is needed for vitamin D production (a function of skin), which is needed for the body to absorb calcium. If a person doesn't go out in the sun the body won't be able to absorb calcium, which is needed for strong bones. In extreme cases, like a child being kidnapped and locked in a sunless basement, the bones will become flexible and will become misshapen.

question

What types of joint is found at humorous/ ulna articulation? (choose 2) a. fibrous b. synovial c. cartilaginous d. saddle e. gliding f. hinge

answer

synovial hinge

question

Adult hypersecretion of growth hormone is known as a. acromegaly b. giantism c. osteomalacia d. osteomyelitis

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acromegaly

question

The thumb is an example of what type of joint a. hinge b. saddle c. gliding d. pivot

answer

saddle

question

Hair like canals that join lacunae to each other and the central canal are called a. Haversian canals b. canaliculi c. volkman's canal d. medulary cavity

answer

canaliculi

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A femur is what type of bone? a. long bone b. short bone c. irregular bone d. flat bone

answer

long bone

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Turning your foot inwards is a. eversion b. pronation c. depression d. inversion

answer

inversion

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Ballet performers are often in pointe (standing on toes) which terms best describes pointe a. eversion b. plantar flexion c. dorsiflexion d. extension

answer

plantar flexion

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In older people the bone remodeling process may be disturbed, leading to abnormal bone structure and weaker bones. This is called a. osteoporosis b. osteomyelitis c. Paget's neoplasms d. acromegaly

answer

Paget's neoplasm

question

The tool used to measure range of motion is called a. osteometer b. goniometer c. caliper d. rometer

answer

goniometer

question

Type of osteogensis in which hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone a. intramembranous b. ossification c. endochondral d. hematopoiesis

answer

endochondral

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Site of hematopoiesis in young children a. heart b. epiphysis c. medulary cavity d. yellow marrow

answer

epiphysis

question

Hing joints allow a. rotation b. extension c. abduction d. all of the above

answer

extension

question

Abduction is: a. moving the right arm to the right b. spreading out the fingers c. wiggling the toes d. moving the sole of the foot laterally

answer

moving the right arm to the right

question

Pivot joint allows: a. flexion b. rotation c. dorsiflexion d. pronation

answer

rotation

question

An adult human has how many bones in their body? a. 300 b. 206 c. 226 d. 152

answer

206

question

Which of the following bones is not part of the axial skeleton? a. vomer b. clavicle c. coccyx d. parietal

answer

clavicle

question

Bone matrix is 1/3 (blank), which provide resilience against stretching and twisting. a. inorganic compounds b. salts c. organic compounds d. iron

answer

organic compounds

question

Ossification in children is going towards a. creating skeleton b. bone growth c. bone repair and remodeling d. bone degradation

answer

bone growth

question

Match: 1. Bone broken-skin not lacerated 2. Fracture wraps around bone in a spiral manner 3. skin is pierced by the bone or other blow at time of break 4. fracture on one side of the bone, causing a bend on the other 5. fracture at right angles to long axis of bone 6. results in three or more bone fragments 7. occurs most often in vertebrate a. compression b. greenstick c. compound d. simple e. spiral f. transverse g. comminuted

answer

1. Bone broken-skin not lacerated - d 2. Fracture wraps around bone in a spiral manner -e 3. skin is pierced by the bone or other blow at time of break -c 4. fracture on one side of the bone, causing a bend on the other -b 5. fracture at right angles to long axis of bone -f 6. results in three or more bone fragments -g 7. occurs most often in vertebrate -a a. compression b. greenstick c. compound d. simple e. spiral f. transverse g. comminuted

question

Explain what happens in each step of bone repair below Hematoma forms Fibrocartilage callus forms Bony callus forms Bone remodeling

answer

Hematoma forms: Blood pools around the break. Fibrocartilage callus forms: A callus forms, making a splint. It bridges the gap. Bony callus forms: bony matrix is replaced by fibrocartilage callus Bone remodeling: callus is remodeled into a strong patch

question

What is the difference between an infant's skull and an adult's? Explain why there is a difference.

answer

An infant's skull is less ossified and the sutures are not closed (fontanal). This is to allow the child through the birthing canal (the head can be smooshed to allow the baby through the canal)

question

What bones form the pectoral girdle?

answer

scapula and clavicle

question

Describe a fibrous joint, a cartilaginous joint and a synovial joint.

answer

Fibrous: not flexible/ not moveable, includes skull, teeth to jaw, ligaments Cartilaginous: slightly moveable, includes epiphyseal plate Synovial joint: freely moveable, includes hinge (uniaxial), saddle (biaxial), and ball and socket (multiaxial)

question

List 6 types of synovial joints and name an example of each type.

answer

hinge (knee) pivot (atlas rotating against axis) gliding (between carpals) saddle (thumb) ball and socket (shoulder) ellipsoidal (between radius and ulna)

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