question

Which of the following is the most important detail of Wundt's early research that established the psychology as a science?

answer

C. Wundt set up a laboratory and focused on empirical evidence that could be replicated

question

Which of the following psychologists would most likely agree with the following statement: Behaviors is a result of the combination of reinforcers and punishers?

answer

C. B.F. Skinner

question

Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 people is an example of which of the following?

answer

B. Random sampling

question

Which technique controls for both experiment and subject bias?

answer

B. Double blind study

question

Damage to the occipital lobe of the brain would most likely affect which of the senses?

answer

D. sight

question

A medication prescribed by a psychiatrist for major depression would most likely influence the balance of which of the following neurotransmitter?

answer

A. Serotonin

question

A doctor examining a car crash victim in order to determine whether the crash caused structural damage to the brain would use what kind of brain scan?

answer

A. MRI

question

Physiological reactions to surprise or shocks are most controlled by which of the following parts of the nervous system?

answer

B. Sympathetic Nervous System

question

Children who suffer brain damage may be able to regain their physical and mental abilities more quickly than older brain damage patients due to which of the following properties of the brain?

answer

E. Brain Plasticity

question

Which of the following kinds of brain scans would be most useful in disproving the statement: "Most people only use 10 percent of their brains."

answer

D. PET

question

Which of the following structures in the eye is most specifically responsible for color vision?

answer

D. Cones

question

Human senses can be divided into which two major categories based on what the senses gather from the outside world?

answer

C. Energy and chemical

question

Turning up the volume on a music player changes which aspect of sound?

answer

A. Amplitude of the wave

question

A research study establishes that most people can taste one gram of salt in one quart of water. Which of the following concepts is most closely related to the goal of this study?

answer

B. Absolute threshold

question

A musician's ability to make a distinction between two very similar pitches depends on which of the following concepts?

answer

D. Difference threshold

question

Our ability to perceive depth depends primarily on what other perceptual abilities?

answer

B. top-down processing and bottom-up processing

question

REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kind of side effects?

answer

B. Interference with memory tasks

question

Which two competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis?

answer

B. role theory and dissociation theory

question

What is the first step in any example of classical conditioning?

answer

C. Pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus

question

An "A+" course grade is which kind of reinforcement?

answer

B. Secondary

question

A researcher who concludes that "people who watch graphic violence in films are more likely to behave in violent ways than people who don't" is probably researching which kinds of learning?

answer

C. Observational

question

In the three-box information processing model, what is the first place memories are stored?

answer

D. Sensory memory

question

Memory research indicates that memories may be physically stored in the brain through strengthened connections between brain neurons. What is this process called?

answer

B. Long-term potentiation

question

Most mnemonic devices are examples of which kind of which memory enhancement technique?

answer

D. Chunking

question

Seeing someone in line at the grocery store and remembering her or his name is an example of which kind of retrival?

answer

B. Recall

question

Which of the following is most likely to lead to a constructed memory?

answer

C. Leading questions

question

Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theorizes that each person is motivated by what?

answer

B. Satisfying needs from the next step in hierarchy

question

Which of the following brain structures is most centrally involved in hunger motivation?

answer

D. Hypothalamus

question

Which kinds of motivations are best encourage positive behaviors to persist over long periods of time?

answer

D. Intrinsic motivation

question

A researcher tests the problem solving skills of twenty 10-year-old, twenty 20-year-old, and twenty 30-year-old participants for a study on age and problem solving. What research method is this?

answer

D. Cross-sectional

question

Which of the following newborn reflexes help infants find and eat food?

answer

E. Rooting

question

Mary Ainsworth placed babies into a strange situation and observed the babies' reactions and when the parents left and then returned. What developmental concept was she studying?

answer

D. Attachment

question

Which developmental stage theory explained how experiences in infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age influence later personality characteristics?

answer

B. Erikson's psychosocial stage theory

question

What would Piaget test in order to determine whether a child is in the preoperational or a concrete operational stage or cognitive development?

answer

C. Concepts of conservation

question

According to Sigmund Freud, what is the dominant factor determining our personality traits?

answer

C. Unconscious conflicts

question

Which of the following is a common way to categorize personality traits?

answer

A. the BIG Five

question

A pencil and paper personality test that places a person in one of the several personality categories (such as extrovert/introvert etc.) is based on which personality theory?

answer

B. trait

question

Which of the following was an important technique used by Abraham Maslow and the humanistic psychologists during therapy?

answer

C. Unconditional positive regard

question

Which of the following kinds of personality theorists is most likely to use a projective test?

answer

D. Psychoanalyst

question

Which of the following kinds of tests is most likely to be an achievement test?

answer

B. a classroom test over a chapter in a textbook

question

The ability to solve for a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on which kind of intelligence?

answer

A. Fluid Intelligence

question

Which of the following terms applies to IQ tests?

answer

B. Standardized

question

A person who experiences flashbacks and nightmares after being involved in a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with which kind of psychological disorder?

answer

E. Anxiety Disorder

question

What kind of symptom is common among all the somatoform disorders?

answer

E. Experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause.

question

Psychogenic amnesia and fugue states are both indications oh which kind of psychological disorders?

answer

D. Dissociative

question

People who suffer from major depression often have very low levels of which neurotransmitter?

answer

D. Serotonin

question

In what way would a person diagnosed with schizophrenia most likely differ from a person diagnosed with a dissociative disorder?

answer

C. A person diagnosed with schizophrenia is likely to experience hallucinations

question

What is the principal tool used in all forms of psychotherapy?

answer

A. Talking to a patient

question

Why are psychoanalysis sometimes interested in talking with a patient about dreams?

answer

D. Some psychoanalysis believe that dream symbols represent unconscious conflicts.

question

Which of the following kinds of therapies would most likely be used by a somatic therapist?

answer

E. Chemotherapy

question

Which of the therapies listed below is no longer used to treat patients?

answer

E. Prefrontal Lobotomy

question

Which of the following kinds of therapists is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient diagnosed with bipolar disorder?

answer

B. Psychiatrist

question

A nonprofit environmental group includes a free gift of address labels in a letter asking for contributions. Which social psychological principle is the nonprofit group trying to use to increase contributions?

answer

C. Compliance therapy

question

A math teacher refuses to look at the grades her students received in the past in math classes. The teacher is worried that looking at their past grades might influence the ways she reacts to her students. What effect is the teacher trying to avoid?

answer

B. Self-fulfilling prophecy

question

What kind of factors are ignored or de-emphasized when people commit the fundamental attribution error?

answer

B. Situational

question

Which psychological principle best explains prejudice?

answer

D. In-group bias

question

Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicated that which of the following principles best help reduce tensions between groups?

answer

A. Superordinate goals

question

Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds?

answer

D. Risk of psychological harm

question

What makes the psychoanalytic perspective different from the other psychological perspective?

answer

A. Psychoanalysts focus on the unconscious mind

question

If a distribution of scores includes one or more outliers, which of the following measures of central tendency should be used?

answer

C. Median

question

Which of the following would a researcher need to use to determine if the difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control group was significant?

answer

B. Inferential statistics

question

Which sentence most accurately describes how neurons communicate?

answer

C. Chemicals travel from one neuron to another, influencing whether a neuron will fire or not

question

Someone with brain damage who has difficulty making the muscle movements needed to produce accurate speech might have damage to what area of the brain?

answer

Broca's Area

question

Which of the following structures is located at the most central and protected part of the brain?

answer

E. Medulla

question

The case study of Phineas Gage's brain injury was significant for which of the following reasons?

answer

B. It was one of the first well-documented examples of a specific brain area being associated with a set of physical and emotional changes.

question

An artist doing a pencil drawing could use which of the following techniques to add depth to her or his drawings?

answer

E. Linear perspective

question

Which classical conditioning term best describes the following scenario: Later in his classical conditioning experiments, Ivan Pavlov's dogs began to salivate whenever they heard any sound similar to a bell, such as a doorbell or someone accidentally clinking a water glass.

answer

D. Generalization

question

Garcia and Koelling's research regarding learned aversions established that which of the following UCS and CS pairs are the most powerful and learned most quickly?

answer

B. nausea and food or drink

question

Why might a researcher use a variable ratio of reinforcement rather than a fixed ratio?

answer

E. Variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction than fixed schedules.

question

Knowledge of different categories of trees and where they grow best is an example of what kind of long-term memory?

answer

B. Semantic Memory

question

Which of the following is an example of an implicit memory?

answer

B. remembering how to tie a tie

question

Research indicates that which of the following factors most influence a person's sexual orientation?

answer

C. Hormones released in the womb

question

A psychology teacher who believes that all students want to learn and creates a classroom culture that encourages this intrinsic motivation is using which kind of management style?

answer

E. theory Y

question

Which of the following factors impacts the speed of motor development the most?

answer

C. Myelination of brain neurons

question

Which of the following statements best describes an important difference between authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles?

answer

C. Authoritative parents set and enforce rules, but explain and emphasize the rational behind them.

question

What kind of question would be most useful in a study testing Lawrence Kohlberg's concepts of pre- and post-conventional stages?

answer

B. Should someone tell a small lie in order to prevent someone's feelings from being hurt?

question

Which of the following is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory?

answer

E. The evidence of Freud's method was based only one his therapy sessions and was not tested scientifically.

question

Someone who fails an important exam and reacts by spending more time studying in the library and less time socializing probably has which kind of locus of control?

answer

A. Internal

question

How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145?

answer

D. This score is three standard deviations above the average score of 100.

question

Which of the following is the most complete list of the common characteristics of psychological disorders?

answer

B. Maladaptive, disturbing, unusual, irrational

question

Which of the following is one of the key factors that differentiate major depression from periods of sadness that everyone experiences

answer

B. People who experience major depression are sad for longer than two weeks without an obvious case.

question

Which of the following techniques would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink?

answer

B. Encouraging contrary opinions within the group

question

Which of the following was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies?

answer

D. Size of the group

question

A psychologist who advises a patient to write about his depressed thoughts and prescribes an antidepressant medication is using a combination of which of the following perspectives?

answer

D. Cognitive and Biopsychology

question

Why can experiments determine casual relationships when no other research method can?

answer

B. Experiments isolate the effects of independent variables on dependent variables

question

Which research method would most likely be used to test the following hypothesis: People who conserve energy by buying hybrid cars are more likely to spend more money on organic food.

answer

D. Correlation

question

Professor Ek is interested in studying on-line bullying behaviors of middle school students. Which of the following research method choices (and the rationale for the choice) is the most appropriate?

answer

B. Correlation

question

A person suffering from a skin rash finds her pain is temporarily relieved by vigorous itching. She does not perceive the pain from the rash while she is itching, but the pain returns soon after she stops itching. Which concept best explains this temporary pain relief?

answer

3.Gate-control theory

question

Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by which of the following processes?

answer

A. Tolerance

question

What is the major difference between classical and operant conditioning?

answer

B. Classical conditioning involves pairing, stimuli, and operant conditioning involves pairing a response with a stimulus.

question

What is the major difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

answer

E. Punishments decrease the frequency of a behavior and negative reinforcements increase the frequency of a behavior.

question

Noam Chomsky and B.F. Skinner disagreed about how children acquire language. Which of the following concepts is most relevant to the differences between their theories?

answer

D. Language acquisition device

question

A research participant eats half a bowl of M&M candies, and then stops eating. How would a motivation researcher using drive reduction theory explain this participants behavior?

answer

C. The primary drive of hunger motivated the person to eat, and then stop when she/he regained homeostasis.

question

Which of the following is the best summary of Stanley Schacter's two-factor theory of emotion?

answer

E. A combination of psychological changes and our cognitive interpretations combine to produce our emotional experiences.

question

How would Piaget describe the process of learning something new using terminology from his cognitive developmental theory?

answer

A. When we can't assimilate new information, we change our schemas through accommodation.

question

Albert Bandura and the social-cognitive personality theorists believe that personality results from the interaction of which factors?

answer

D. Traits, the environment, and behaviors

question

What would a psychometrician conclude about a personality test that tells a person she is an extreme extrovert the first time she takes the test and an extreme introvert the next time she takes it?

answer

D. The results indicate that the test has low test-retest reliability

question

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between reliability and validity?

answer

E. A test can be reliable but not valid

question

What is the purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders?

answer

C. To list diagnosis and symptoms so that psychologists and others can help diagnose psychological disorders.

question

What kind of therapy involves both behavioral and cognitive interventions?

answer

E. Systematic Desensitization

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