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psychotherapy

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the treatment of emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage understanding of problems and modify troubling feelings behaviors, or relationships

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biomedical therapy

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the use of medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical treatments to treat the symptoms associated with psychological disorders

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psychoanalysis

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a type of psychotherapy originated by sigmund freud in which free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of resistance and transference are used to explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties, and internal conflicts

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free association

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a technique used in psychoanalysis in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings, and mental images as they come to mind, as a way of revealing unconscious thoughts and emotions

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resistance

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in psychoanalysis the patient's unconscious attempts to block the revelation of repressed memories and conflicts

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dream interpretation

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a technique used in psychoanalysis in which the content of dreams is analyzed for disguised or symbolic wishes, meanings, and motivations

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clinical psychologist

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holds an academic doctorate and is required to be licensed to practice and often has expertise in psychological testing, diagnosis, psychotherapy, research, and prevention of mental and emotional disorders

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psychiatrist

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holds a medical degree and is required to be licensed to practice with an expertise in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental and emotional disorders and is able to prescribe medications, eletroconvulsive therapy, or other procedures.

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psychoanalyst

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usually a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist who had received additional training in the specific techniques of psychoanalysis

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licensed professional counselor

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holds at least a master's degree in counseling, with extensive supervised training in assessment, counseling, and therapy techniques and may be certified in specialty areas

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psychiatric social worker

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holds a master's degree in social work with training involving an internship in social service agency or mental health care

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marriage and family therapist

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usually holds a master's degree, with extensive supervised experience in couple or family therapy with training in individual therapy

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psychiatric nurse

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holds an R.N degree and has selected psychiatry or mental health nursing as a specialty area and typically works on a hospital psychiatric unit or in a community mental health center

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interpretation

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a technique used in psychoanalysis in which the psychoanalyst offers a carefully timed explanation of the patient;s dreams, free associations, or behaviors to facilitate the recognition of unconscious conflicts or motivations

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transference

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in psychoanalysis, the process by which emotions and desires originally associated with a significant person in the patient's life, such as a parent, are unconsciously transferred to the psychoanalyst

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short term dynamic therapies

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type of psychotherapy that is based on psychoanalytic theory but differs in that it is typically time-limited, has specific goals, and involves an active, rather than neutral, role for the therapist

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interpersonal therapy (IPT)

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a brief, psychodynamic psychotherapy that focuses on current relationships and is based on the assumption that symptoms are caused and maintained by interpersonal problems

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unresolved griefs

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refers to problems dealing with the death of significant others

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role transitions

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include problems involving major life changes, such as college, becoming a parent, or getting married

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interpersonal deficits

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refers to the absent or faulty social skills that limit the ability to start or maintain healthy relationships with others

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client centered therapy (person centered therapy)

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a type of psychotherapy developed by carl rogers in which the therapist is non directive and reflective, and the clients directs the focus of each therapy session

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genuineness

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the therapist honestly and openly shares her thoughts and feelings with the client

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unconditional positive regard

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the therapist must value, accept, and care for the client, whatever their problems or behavior may be

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empathic understanding

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the therapist must communicate by reflecting the content and personal meaning of the feelings being experienced by the client

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self actualization

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the realization of his or her unique potentials and talents

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behavioral therapy (behavior modification)

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a type of psychotherapy that focuses on directly changing maladaptive behavioral patterns by using basic learning principles and techniques

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counterconditioning

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a behavior therapy technique used based on classical conditioning that involves modifying behavior by conditioning a new response that is incompatible with a previously learned response

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mary cover jones

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the first behavioral therapist often referred as the mother of behavioral therapy for her pioneering studies on the removal of fears

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systematic desensitization

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a type of behavior therapy in which phobic responses are reduced by pairing relaxation with a series of mental images or real life situations that the person finds progressively more fear provoking; based on the principle of counter conditioning

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progressive relaxation

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involves successively relaxing one muscle group after another until a deep state of relaxation is achieved

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virtual reality therapy

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computer generated scenes that you view using a special motion sensitive helmet that detects the movement

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bell and pad treatment

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a behavior therapy technique used to treat nighttime bedwetting by conditioning arousal from sleep in response to bodily signals of a full bladder

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aversive conditioning

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a relatively ineffective type of behavior therapy that involves repeatedly pairing an aversive stimulus with the occurrence of undesirable behaviors or thoughts

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shaping

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involves reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior

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baseline rate

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how often each problem occurred before treatment began

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token economy

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a form of behavior therapy in which the therapeutic environment is structured to reward desired behaviors with tokens or points that may eventually be exchanged for tangible rewards

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cognitive therapies

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a group of psychotherapies based on the assumption that psychological problems are due to maladaptive patterns of thinking; treatment techniques focus on recognizing and altering these unhealthy thinking patterns

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rational emotive therapy (RET)

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developed by Albert Ellis a type of cognitive therapy that focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs

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cognitive therapy

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a type of cognitive therapy developed by Aaron T. Beck, that focuses on changing the client's unrealistic beliefs

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arbitrary interference

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drawing a negative conclusion when there is little or no evidence to support it

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selective abstraction

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focusing on a single negative detail taken out of context, ignoring the more important aspects of the situation

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overgeneralization

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drawing a sweeping, global conclusion based on an isolated incident and applying that conclusion to unrelated areas of life

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magnification and minimization

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grossly overestimating impact of negative events and grossly underestimating the impact of positive events so that small, bad events are magnified and large events are minimized

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personalization

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taking responsibility, blaming one self or applying external events to oneself when there is no basis or evidence of making the connection

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cognitive behavioral therapy

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therapy that integrates cognitive and behavioral techniques and that is based on the assumption that thoughts, behaviors, and moods are integrated

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group therapy

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a form of psychotherapy that involves one or more therapists working simultaneously with a small group of clients

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self help groups or support groups

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typically ran by non professionals with members with the same general problem for the purpose of exchanging psychological support

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family therapy

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a form of psychotherapy that is based on the assumption that the family is a system and that treats the family as a unit

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couple therapy

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conducted with any couple in a committed relationship with the purpose of improving intimacy, communication, and problem-solving skills between the pair

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eclecticism

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the pragmatic and integrated use of techniques from different psychotherapies

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antipsychotic medications

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prescription drugs that are used to reduce psychotic symptoms;frequently used in the treatment of schizophrenia also called neuroleptics

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psychactive medications

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prescription drugs that alter mental functions and alleviate psychological symptoms

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reserpine

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drug found in india in early 1930's used to help lower bloop pressure

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chlorpromazine

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diminished the psychotic symptoms commonly seen in schizophrenia

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neuroleptics

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antipsychotic drugs

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atypical antipsychotic medications

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blocks dopamine receptors in brain regions associated with psychotic symptoms rather than more globally throughout the brain, resulting in fewer side effects

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antianxiety medications

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prescription drugs that are used to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety

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clozapine and risperidone

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help lower levels of serotonin and dopamine

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olanzapine

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upgraded version of clozapine and risperidone

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sertindole and quetiapine

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newest versions to treat mental disorders

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benzodiazepines

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best known antianxiety drugs that help reduce jittery deelings, relax the muscles, and promote sleep by increases levels of GABA

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lithium

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a naturally occurring substance that is used in the treatment of bopolar disorder by affecting levels of glutamate

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antidepressant medications

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prescription drugs that are used to reduce the symptoms associated with depression

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selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

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class of antidepressant medications that increase the availability of serotinin in the brain and cause fewer side effects that earlier antidepressans including prozac, paxil and zoloft

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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

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a biomedical therapy used primarily in the treatment of depression that involves electrically inducing a brief brain seizure; also called electroshock therapy or shock therapy

Psychology chapter 15 psychotherapy and biomedical therapy – Flashcards

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