question

Anxiety disorders affect about ____ of the population at some point in their lives. a. 3% b. 11% c. 28% d. 46%

answer

c.

question

____ is a chronic sensation without being clearly associated with any specific stimulus. a. fear b. anxiety c. specific phobia d. astonishment

answer

b.

question

A panic attack progresses to a peak within ____. a. 10 minutes b. 30 minutes c. 1 hour d. 6 hours

answer

a.

question

As part of the criteria for panic disorder, at least one of the panic attacks has been followed by ____ of persistent concern about having additional attacks and a significant change in behavior related to the attacks. a. 1 month b. 3 months c. 6 months d. 12 months

answer

a.

question

Panic disorder affects up to ____ of the population at some point in life. a. 35% b. 20% c. 15% d. 5%

answer

d.

question

The term ____ is defined as related to internal, physiological stimuli, while the term ____ is defined as related to external, environmental stimuli. a. interoceptive, exteroceptive b. interoceptive, exteraceptive c. exteroceptive, interoceptive d. exteroceptive, interaceptive

answer

a.

question

As treatment for panic disorder, ____ may produce dependence; and most patients experience a relapse when medications are discontinued. a. antidepressants b. benzodiazepines c. phenothiazines d. beta blockers

answer

b.

question

____ therapies for panic disorder appear to be more effective and less subject to relapse. a. pharmacological b. psychodynamic c. psychosurgical d. cognitive-behavioral

answer

d.

question

Fear of strangers is known as ____. a. monophobia b. acrophobia c. xenophobia d. zoophobia

answer

c.

question

A nearby constant state of worry and concern characterizes ____. a. agoraphobia b. social anxiety disorder c. specific phobia d. generalized anxiety disorder

answer

d.

question

Grace checks her appearance in the mirror over 40 times a day to make sure no hairs are out of place, her make-up is flawless, and her earrings have not moved. She brushes her hair for exactly 10 minutes on each side and has to count while brushing. If she loses count, she must start all over again. Grace probably suffers from ____. a. social phobia b. specific phobia c. body dysmorphic disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

answer

d.

question

The most effective intervention for obsessive-compulsive disorder appear to be ____. a. exposure and response prevention b. relaxation training c. interpersonal group therapy d. habit reversal therapy

answer

a.

question

Obsessive-compulsive disorder, if untreated, usually follows a(n) ____ course with symptoms ____ during periods of stress. a. acute; worsening b. acute; maintaining the same degree c. chronic; worsening d. chronic; maintaining the same degree

answer

c.

question

Excoriation disorder involves ____. a. hair pulling b. skin picking c. hoarding d. none of the above

answer

b.

question

Habit reversal therapy involves all EXCEPT which of the following? a. systematic desensitization b. self-monitoring c. awareness of high-risk situations d. engagement in incompatible activities

answer

a.

question

All of the following are examples of exteroceptive stimuli, EXCEPT ______. a. having an increased heart rate b. seeing a snake c. hearing tires screeching d. smelling something toxic

answer

a.

question

According to Charles Darwin, what often precedes fear? a. knowledge b. astonishment c. anger d. surprise

answer

b.

question

______ are not usually used to infer the existence of fear or other emotions. a. Physiological responses b. Reports of subjective experiences c. Humanistically-based cognitions d. Behavioral manifestations

answer

c.

question

______ an example of an acute fear response that is largely parasympathetic. a. An irregular heartbeat is b. Pupil dilation is c. Sweaty palms are d. Fainting is

answer

d.

question

All of the following are anxiety disorders, EXCEPT ____. a. panic disorder b. agoraphobia c. selective mutism d. dissociative amnesia disorder

answer

d.

question

The occurrence of ____ is part of the basis for DSM-5 anxiety disorder classifications. a. panic attacks b. social withdrawal c. dissociation d. delusions

answer

a.

question

All of the following are anxiety disorders recognized in the DSM-5, EXCEPT ____. a. agoraphobia b. social anxiety disorder c. body dysmorphic disorder d. selective mutism

answer

c.

question

Which kind of panic attacks are most likely to lead to persistent fear of having another panic attack? a. panic attacks that are unexpected b. short panic attacks c. long panic attacks d. panic attacks brought on by a specific stimulus

answer

a.

question

Which of the following is most true about the reliability of anxiety disorder diagnoses, according to DSM-5 field trials? a. anxiety disorder diagnoses have fair to good reliability b. anxiety disorder diagnoses have good to excellent reliability c. anxiety disorder diagnoses have excellent reliability d. none of the above (it was not tested)

answer

d.

question

Someone exhibiting excessive anxiety surrounding parting from home or a caregiver likely has an anxiety disorder known as ______. a. selective mutism b. separation anxiety disorder c. agoraphobia d. generalized anxiety disorder

answer

b.

question

______ is an anxiety disorder associated with recurring, unanticipated panic attacks and anxiety about the possibility of future attacks. a. generalized anxiety disorder b. panic disorder c. OCD d. a specific phobia

answer

b.

question

All of the following are criteria for panic disorder, according to the DSM-5, EXCEPT ____. a. an underlying medical condition that could explain the attacks b. recurrent, unexpected panic attacks c. significant behavioral changes associated with panic attacks d. worrying about the consequences of future attacks

answer

a.

question

Which of the following is most true of panic disorders in men? a. they occur more often in white men than black men b. they occur more often among rural men than urban men c. they occur more often among homosexuals and bisexuals than among heterosexuals d. they occur more often in rich men than poor men

answer

c.

question

The biological model would point to ____ as a potential cause for panic disorder. a. a misinterpretation of physiological sensations b. conditioning c. the id overwhelming the ego d. low GABA activity

answer

d.

question

Which of the following refers to something associated with external, environmental stimuli? a. helioceptive b. exteroceptive c. bioceptive d. interoceptive

answer

b.

question

Which of the following enhance GABA (and reduce symptoms of anxiety and panic)? a. benzodiazepines b. MAO-Is c. tricyclics d. lithium salts

answer

a.

question

Which of the following is most true about therapies for panic disorder? a. Psychodynamic therapies are more effective (and show fewer relapses) than pharmacological methods. b. Pharmacological therapies are more effective (and show fewer relapses) than CBT methods. c. Psychodynamic therapies are more effective (and show fewer relapses) than CBT methods. d. CBT methods are more effective (and show fewer relapses) than pharmacological therapies.

answer

d.

question

Which of the following involves anxiety about being unable to escape from a location, should a panic attack occur? a. ailurophobia b. parasthesias c. agoraphobia d. PTSD

answer

c.

question

All of the following situations are listed within the criteria for a diagnosis of agoraphobia EXCEPT ______. a. standing in line b. experiencing a panic attack c. using public transport d. being in an open space

answer

b.

question

In which version of the DSM was agoraphobia given free-standing diagnosis status? a. the DSM-5 b. the DSM-II c. the DSM-III d. the DSM-IV-TR

answer

a.

question

In adolescents and adults, the 12-month prevalence rate for agoraphobia is approximately ______. a. 0.052 b. 0.033 c. 0.06 d. 0.017

answer

d.

question

Which of the following is characterized by an intense and persistent fear that is triggered by a specific object or situation? a. PTSD b. specific phobia c. agoraphobia d. panic disorder

answer

b.

question

Specific phobia is only diagnosed when ____. a. it interferes significantly with the person's life or causes significant distress, and has lasted for a minimum of 6 months b. anxiety occurs without the presence of the triggering stimulus c. there are also compulsions that are recurring and cause distress d. anxiety over being in a situation where escape would be difficult is also present

answer

a.

question

"Animal type," "blood-injection-injury type," and "situational type" are examples of subcategories of which disorder (according to the DSM-5)? a. PTSD b. OCD c. specific phobia d. panic disorder

answer

c.

question

What is the lifetime prevalence rate of phobias? a. 0.05 b. 0.08 c. 0.32 d. 0.12

answer

d.

question

Which of the following theories relates to the acquisition of specific phobias through classical conditioning, and maintenance of the phobia through operant conditioning? a. two-factor theory b. US-UR theory c. reaction-formation theory d. displacement theory

answer

a.

question

Two-factor theory suggests that specific phobias are acquired through ______. a. repeated pairings of an unconditioned stimulus with an unconditioned response b. repeated pairings of a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus c. negative reinforcement d. positive reinforcement

answer

b.

question

______ is a form of therapy in which the individual maintains a relaxed state while the therapist slowly introduces stimuli that provoke increasing amounts of fear. a. psychoanalysis b. biomedical therapy c. CBT d. systematic desensitization

answer

d.

question

The DSM-5 categorizes shyness and social anxiety (of enough severity to interfere with professional, academic, and personal functioning for at least 6 months) as ______. a. generalized anxiety disorder b. panic disorder c. social anxiety disorder d. ASD

answer

c.

question

Social anxiety disorder has a 12-month prevalence rate of ______ according to the DSM-5. a. 0.17 b. 0.07 c. 0.12 d. 0.2

answer

b.

question

The 12-month prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder is approximately ______ of the population. a. 0.03 b. 0.11 c. 0.09 d. 0.003

answer

a.

question

Which of the following best describes a psychodynamic explanation of generalized anxiety disorder? a. Hypervigilance regarding threatening cues (both intero- and exteroceptive) can increase one's vulnerability to this disorder. b. An inhibition of limbic and prefrontal pathways (usually mediated by GABA) is deficient in those with this disorder. c. When unconscious conflict overwhelms the ego defenses with unacceptable impulses, it can produce a widespread overt anxiety reaction resulting in this disorder. d. When intero- and exteroceptive stimuli are predictive of anxious feelings, widespread anxiety can become a conditioned response, causing this disorder.

answer

c.

question

A child or adolescent who experiences severe fear or anxiety centered on being parted from home or a caregiver (when such fear is not age appropriate) likely has ______. a. Asperger's b. reactive attachment disorder c. oppositional defiant disorder d. separation anxiety disorder

answer

d.

question

Which of the following can serve as a strong predictor for future mental health problems (especially panic disorder, and major depressive disorder)? a. separation anxiety disorder b. selective mutism c. trichotillomania d. DID

answer

a.

question

______ is a disorder in which an individual exhibits a persistent failure to speak when speaking is expected (such as socially or academically). a. disorder of verbal expression b. selective mutism c. stuttering d. language disorder

answer

b.

question

Which of the following are actions that one feels compelled to perform, that are difficult to control or stop. a. compulsions b. obsessions c. delusions d. operants

answer

a.

question

All of the following are included in the DSM-5 as obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, EXCEPT ______. a. OCD b. hoarding c. body dysmorphic disorder d. agoraphobia

answer

d.

question

All of the following are obsessions often seen in OCD, EXCEPT______. a. contamination b. repeated doubts c. ritualized counting d. forbidden urges

answer

c.

question

Which of the following is most true of gender differences in OCD? a. the disorder is more common in men than women, in cases of adult onset b. the disorder is more common in men than women in the U.S. c. the disorder is always more common in men than women d. the disorder is always more common in men than women, in cases of childhood onset

answer

d.

question

Which of the following is most true of PET scans of the brains of those with OCD? a. They have higher levels of left orbital frontal cortex activity than those without OCD. b. They have higher levels of right temporal cortex activity than those without OCD. c. They have higher levels of right orbital frontal cortex activity than those without OCD. d. They have higher levels of left temporal cortex activity than those without OCD.

answer

a.

question

The most common treatment for OCD is ____. a. the severance of nerve fibers (a procedure known as cingulotomy) b. antidepressant medication, especially the SSRIs c. anti-anxiety medication, especially Xanax d. therapy, especially psychodynamic dream analysis

answer

b.

question

Which of the following is a disorder characterized by preoccupation with a perceived defect in physical appearance? a. body dysmorphic disorder b. undifferentiated somatoform disorder c. trichotillomania d. DID

answer

a.

question

All of the following are known to co-occur with body dysmorphic disorder, EXCEPT ______. a. social anxiety disorder b. depression c. paranoid personality disorder d. OCD

answer

c.

question

Muscle dysmorphia occurs almost exclusively among ______. a. men b. pre-adolescents c. those with narcissistic personality disorder d. women

answer

a.

question

Which of the following is most true of hoarding? a. its severity tends to remain constant over time b. its severity can fluctuate significantly c. its severity tends to decrease over time d. its severity tends to increase over time

answer

d.

question

Trichotillomania is most effectively treated using ____. a. clomipramine b. habit-reversal therapy c. conjoint family therapy d. SSRIs

answer

b.

question

Which area of the body is typically the focus of excoriation disorder? a. the head and face b. body hair c. the torso d. the extremities

answer

a.

question

True or False? Humans are born with the innate capacity to experience fear.

answer

True

question

True or False? The fear response is a highly learnable response that can become associated with almost any situation or stimulus.

answer

True

question

True or False? Panic attacks are relatively frequent in children as compared to adults.

answer

False

question

True or False? Psychodynamic models of panic disorder emphasize internal conflicts as critical to the development of panic disorder.

answer

True

question

True or False? In the DSM-IV, agoraphobia was not a separate diagnosis in the anxiety disorders.

answer

True

question

True or False? There is an innate preparedness to become fearful of certain stimuli because of our evolutionary past.

answer

True

question

True or False? Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by a nearly constant state of worry and apprehension about a wide variety of events or activities.

answer

True

question

True or False? Obsessions are actions that one is compelled to perform.

answer

False

question

True or False? People with body dysmorphic disorder are preoccupied with what they consider a defect in their appearance.

answer

True

question

True or False? People with trichotillomania pull out their hair and show noticeable hair loss as a result.

answer

True

question

Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation.

answer

Specific phobia

question

What are four common phobias?

answer

1. animals 2. heights 3. confinement 4. injury and/or blood

question

What is the point prevalence of a specific phobia?

answer

10%

question

What is the lifetime prevalence of specific phobia?

answer

approximately 14% (6-23%)

question

Do people with specific phobias seek treatment?

answer

rarely

question

Is there a genetic predisposition to specific phobias.

answer

some

question

What is the estimated lifetime prevalence of animals phobias? blood/injury phobias? situational phobias?

answer

animals: 11% blood/injury: 3-6% situational: 12%

question

There is a higher concordance of specific phobias between ____ than ____ twins.

answer

MZ; DZ

question

What are two treatments for specific phobias?

answer

1. exposure 2. systematic desensitization

question

Fear of social or performance situations, subject to evaluation by others, fear that you will embarrass or humiliate your.

answer

Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)

question

What is the 12 month prevalence of social anxiety disorder? What is the ratio for female to male

answer

As high as 8% Female to male: 3 to 2

question

Is there evidence of a genetic component in social anxiety disorder?

answer

No

question

GABA is a(n) ____ neurotransmitter.

answer

inhibitory

question

Social anxiety disorder is ____-____ in action- GABA functioning.

answer

diathesis-stress

question

Discrete period of intense fear or discomfort not tied to a phobic stimuli.

answer

Panic attack

question

Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.

answer

Panic disorder

question

To be considered to have panic disorder, you must have ____ month(s) or more of persistent concern about additional attacks or worries about consequences of attacks and significant maladaptive changes in behavior or functioning.

answer

1

question

Marked, or intense, fear or anxiety triggered by the real or anticipated exposure to a wide range of situations: public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside of home alone. Believe that escape might be difficult or help might be unavailable when panic-like symptoms occur.

answer

Agoraphobia

question

Agoraphobia includes persistent symptoms typically lasting ____ month(s).

answer

6

question

About ____% of the population has panic attacks.

answer

1.6

question

About ____% of the population has agoraphobia.

answer

4

question

What is the point prevalence of panic disorder? lifetime prevalence?

answer

Point: 0.5-2.3% Lifetime: 5%

question

____% of people with panic disorder and/or agoraphobia have a comorbid depressive disorder.

answer

24

question

____% of relative of people who have panic disorder and agoraphobia also have panic disorder. ____% of relatives of social phobics.

answer

9.3; 1.3

question

There is higher ____ concordance with panic disorder and agoraphobia.

answer

MZ

question

Excessive or unrealistic anxiety and worry, more worrying days than good days, worry is a central theme.

answer

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

question

GAD: ____ month(s) more more of symptoms.

answer

6

question

GAD had ____ diagnostic reliability.

answer

poor

question

GAD is ____ ____ distinguished from other anxiety disorder.

answer

not easily

question

Many depressed people also meet ____ criteria.

answer

GAD

question

____% of GAD cases had another disorder.

answer

90

question

NCS found that ____% of people with GAD have a comorbid disorder.

answer

65

question

Is GAD common in the general population?

answer

Yes

question

Do people with GAD seek treatment?

answer

rarely

question

What is the female/male ratio of GAD? lifetime and point prevalence?

answer

Female to male: 2 to 1 Point: 1.6% Lifetime: 5%

question

Early studies of GAD say there is ____ evidence of genetic component. Heritability now estimated at about ____%- shared with major depression.

answer

no; 30

question

Recurrent obsessions or compulsions that cause marked distress and take more than 1 hour a day to complete.

answer

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

question

Repetitive, recurring thoughts, ideas, images, or impulses experienced as intrusive.

answer

Obsessions.

question

Repetitive, purposeful behaviors, performed rigidly, according to certain rules.

answer

Compulsions.

question

What is the scale for insight in OCD?

answer

1: good or fair 2: poor 3: absent insight/delusional beliefs

question

Although once thought very rare (about 0.5%), what is the prevalence of OCD in a year?

answer

2%

question

What is the lifetime prevalence of OCD?

answer

2.5%

question

____% of people with OCD have both obsessions and compulsions.

answer

80

question

____% of people with OCD also meet the criteria for major depressive disorder.

answer

75

question

____-____% of depressed people have obsessions.

answer

10-35

question

Does OCD seem to have a genetic component?

answer

Yes

question

What is a good treatment for OCD?

answer

Exposure and response prevention

question

Is there much long-term research on trauma/stress and anxiety disorder treatment?

answer

No

question

What are good treatments for OCD and agoraphobic patients?

answer

Behavioral treatments

question

What is a good therapy for social phobia?

answer

Group therapy

question

What are pharmacological treatments for OCD? Panic disorder? GAD?

answer

OCD: anafranil, luvox Panic disorder: SSRIs/tofranil GAD: benzodiazepines/buspar/SSRIs

question

What are the most common disorders of DSM-5 diagnoses? What is their lifetime prevalence rate?

answer

Anxiety disorders; over 28%

question

Charles Darwin: fear is often preceded by ____.

answer

astonishment

question

How are three ways that we know when we are fearful?

answer

1. reports of subjective experiences of apprehensions 2. behavioral manifestations 3. measurable physiological responses (these reflect the activation of the sympathetic system) (some- e..g., diarrhea and frequent urination- are due to parasympathetic nervous system)

question

Loss of consciousness, slowing of heart rate, and drop in blood pressure often associated with acute fear states (parasympathetic)

answer

Fainting

question

A sense of dread, terror, or fright

answer

Fear

question

A sense of worry, concern, or apprehension

answer

Anxiety

question

Rapidly developing sense of intense fear and anxiety, peaks within 10 minutes

answer

Panic attack

question

What is the 12-month prevalence of panic attacks in adults? Female/male ratio?

answer

1 in 9; 2 to 1

question

In panic disorder, up to ____ of sufferers experience nocturnal panic attacks.

answer

1/3

question

Prevalence of panic disorder is higher in ____/____ men than ____ men.

answer

homosexual/bisexual; heterosexual

question

There is an increased risk of panic disorder for who?

answer

Smokers and those with respiratory disturbances (e.g., asthma)

question

Relating to internal, physiological stimuli.

answer

Interoceptive

question

Relating to external, environment stimuli.

answer

Exteroceptive

question

A persistent pattern of drug use involving either tolerance, withdrawal, or inability to cut down dosage.

answer

Dependence

question

Re-occurrence of symptoms after a period of improvement.

answer

Relapse

question

What are two medications for panic disorder that causes dependence and relapse?

answer

1. diazepam (valium) 2. alprazolam (xanas)

question

What is a medication used for panic disorder that doesn't cause dependence, but they don't work quick?

answer

SSRIs

question

Is childhood onset in agoraphobia common or rare?

answer

Rare

question

What may be associated with the onset of agoraphobia?

answer

Stressful events

question

What are two treatments for agoraphobia?

answer

1. SSRI antidepressants 2. CBT

question

Theory that both Pavlovian and operant influences maintain phobic behavior.

answer

Two-factor theory

question

Biologically-based tendency to form associations between certain stimuli more readily than others.

answer

Preparedness

question

Conditioning based on observing the responses of other people.

answer

Vicarious conditioning

question

What are two treatments for specific phobias?

answer

1. exposure 2. systematic desensitization

question

Exposure to the actual feared stimulus, rather than an imagined or symbolic stimulus.

answer

In vivo exposure

question

In generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), how well do treatments do at curing symptoms?

answer

Treatments rarely result in total symptom remission.

question

CBT is less effective for ____ than for ____ ____.

answer

GAD; panic disorder

question

In separation anxiety disorder, disturbance must last at least ____ week(s) in children, and ____ month(s) or more in adults.

answer

4; 6

question

What is the prevalence of separation anxiety disorder in children?

answer

4%

question

Is separation anxiety disorder more common in males or females?

answer

Females

question

Failure to speak in situations where speaking is expected but the individual does speak in other situations.

answer

Selective mutism

question

When is the onset of selective mutism, usually? Are more males or females affected?

answer

Usually before age 5; females

question

What is the incidence of selective mutism?

answer

Less than 1% of the population

question

What are two treatments for selective mutism?

answer

1. antidepressants 2. behavioral interventions

question

Panic attacks or anxiety, developing soon after intoxication, withdrawal, or exposure to a substance that is capable of producing the anxiety.

answer

Substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder.

question

Intrusive thoughts that are difficult to stop or control.

answer

Obsessions

question

Actions that one feels compelled to perform.

answer

Compulsions

question

If untreated, OCD usually follows a ____ course with symptoms ____ during periods of stress.

answer

chronic; worsening

question

Risk of OCD is increased in children who have been subject to ____ ____.

answer

traumatic events

question

What are three treatments for OCD?

answer

1. antidepressant medications (especially SSRIs) 2. Cingulotomy 3. Exposure and response prevention (ERP)

question

Psychosurgical technique that severs fibers connection the anterior cingulate cortex to the frontal lobes.

answer

Cingulotomy

question

Prolonged exposure to fear- or anxiety- producing stimulus or situation while escape, or the compulsive act, is prevented.

answer

Exposure and response prevention (ERP)

question

What is the point prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in adults?

answer

2.4%

question

What are three treatments for BDD?

answer

1. SSRIs 2. CBT 3. response prevention

question

What is the prevalence of hoarding disorder?

answer

5.8%

question

What is a treatment for hoarding disorder?

answer

ERP

question

Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) is much more likely to be diagnosed in ____ than ____.

answer

females; males

question

What is the 12-month prevalence in U.S. in females of trichotillomania? What is the female to male ratio?

answer

1-2%; 10:1

question

Therapy that involves awareness training and engagement in a response that is incompatible with the compulsion.

answer

Habit reversal therapy (HRT)

question

What are two treatments for trichotillomania?

answer

1. Clomipramine (a tricyclic antidepressant) 2. Habit reversal therapy

question

Excoriation (skin-picking disorder) first appears in ____ and often involves areas such as the ____ and ____.

answer

adolescence; head; face

question

What is the incidence of excoriation?

answer

as high as 5%

question

What is the lifetime prevalence of excoriation in adults? What is the female to male ratio?

answer

1.4%; 3:1

question

What is a treatment for excoriation?

answer

HRT

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