The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Cancer Overview – Flashcards
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they reproduce through cell division
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Why is cell division important for unicellular organisms?
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they need cell division to grow and replace dead or damaged cells
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Why is cell division important for multicellular organisms?
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cell renewal and healing wounds
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Why does cell division remain important to an adult organism even after it is fully developed?
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when cells stop dividing to specialize in structure and function
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What is differentiation?
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programmed cell death
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What is apoptosis?
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it eliminates unnecessary cells during development and removes unhealthy or damaged cells in the mature organism
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What is the purpose of apoptosis?
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molecular signals that may stimulate or halt cell division, instruct cells to differentiate, or initiate cell death
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What are cell cycle regulators?
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an organism may end up with too many or too few cells
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What happens if cell cycle regulators don't function properly?
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a cell grows and replicates its DNA
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What happens during interphase?
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cell division
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What happens during mitosis?
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the cell increases in size and prepares to replicate its DNA
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What happens during G1 phase?
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the cell replicates its DNA and the cell has 2 complete sets of chromosomes
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What happens during S phase?
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the cell continues to grow and prepares for division
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What happens during G2 phase?
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to regulate that progression from one phase of the cell cycle to the next
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What is the purpose of a checkpoint in the cell cycle?
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an exit toward the end of G1 where a cell can leave the cell cycle once it recieves a signal to differentiate, or when resources are insufficient to grow and divide
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What happens during the G0 phase of the cell cycle?
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the organism's stage in development, the type of cell, and the resources available
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Which factors determine whether a cell enters G0?
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yes
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Can cells leave G0?
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proto-oncogenes
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What are stimulatory proteins encoded by?
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tumor suppressor genes
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What are inhibitory protiens encoded by?
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CDK-cyclin, APC/C
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What are some examples of proto-oncogenes?
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ATM, BRCA1, Rb, p53
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What are some examples of tumor suppressor genes?
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too much cell division or too little cell death
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What are two reasons why cells can form tumors?
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increase stimulation which can lead to an uncontrolled cell cycle
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What do oncogenes do?
