Business Ethics ; Society (more) – Flashcards
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The concept of social responsibility is applicable to businesses around the world, but adaptations of implementation and other details on the local level are needed.
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True statement
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Since there were few formal governance procedures to restrain management during the 1950s and 1960s, managers did not use their company's resources to address broader concerns than self interest.
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False statement
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Strategic social responsibility occurs when a company has integrated:
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stakeholder expectations and social responsibility into its strategic direction and planning processes.
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________ is the glue that holds organizations together and allows them to focus on efficiency, productivity, and profits.
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Trust.
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The ________ dimension of social responsibility refers to a business's societal contribution of time, money, and other resources.
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philanthropic.
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The four types of social responsibility include:
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legal, philanthropic, economic, and ethical.
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The economic well-being of a society or nation is partly dependent on its social institutions, particularly those that promote trust.
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True statement.
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Minimal social responsibility focuses on contractual stakeholders and mainly takes economic and legal considerations into account.
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True statement.
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Developing effective ethics programs in business does not lead to economic advantage.
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False statement.
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The text's philosophy of social responsibility applies only to very large, global business organizations.
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False statement.
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Strategic social responsibility occurs when a company has integrated:
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stakeholder expectations and social responsibility into its strategic direction and planning processes.
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Which of the following is not an example of a primary stakeholder?
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Media.
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A stakeholder orientation includes all of the following activities except:
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minimizing the influence of stakeholder information on the firm.
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Governance is the control and accountability process for achieving social responsibility.
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True statement
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The stakeholder model of corporate governance is more narrow and restrictive than the shareholder approach.
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False statement
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Over the last century, a number of justifiable regulations have been passed to "level the playing field" on which businesses operate.
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True statement.
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Justifications for business regulation can be categorized as economic or social.
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True statement.
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Business ethics comprises the principles and standards that guide behavior of individuals and groups in the world of business.
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True statement.
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The majority of workplace bullies are supervisors.
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True statement.
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Front-line employees have the ultimate responsibility of establishing the ethical tone of the entire organization.
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False statement.
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Employees much prefer to deal with ethical issues through:
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their supervisors or managers.
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Workforce reduction of the 1990s effectively ended the loyalty- and commitment-based contract that employees had developed with employers.
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True statement.
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A psychological contract is a written, formal, and signed agreement between an employee and employer that states expectations and obligations in the workplace.
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False statement.
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The consumer rights have been mandated through law.
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False statement.
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Antitrust activities that reduce competition may jeopardize a consumer's:
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right to choose.
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In the U.S. during the early part of the 1900s, the caveat "Let the buyer beware" typified the power that business wielded in most exchange relationships.
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True statement.
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Cause-related marketing has an organizational focus, while strategic philanthropy has a product or product line focus.
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False statement
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The community relations function should develop community mission statements, assess opportunities, and identify priorities for the types of contributions a business will make by:
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...
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Identity theft occurs when:
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criminals obtain personal information that allows them to impersonate someone else, use their credit, and/or make purchases.
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Bioethics refers to the study of ethical issues in the fields of medical treatment and research.
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True statement.
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In a cap-and-trade program, companies that do not release as much carbon emissions as are allowed buy permits from companies that release more carbon emissions than are allowed.
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False statement.
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The use of traditional fossil fuels reduces global carbon emissions.
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False statement.
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If a company is accused of closing a manufacturing plant in response to efforts made by labor to organize, it may be investigated by a:
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corporate accountability partnership.
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A major goal of the United Nations is to realize improvements in the development of countries around the world.
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True statement.
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A strong organizationsal ethical culture usually focuses on the core values of?
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placing cusomers' interests first.
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Employers' perception of their firm as having an ethical climate leads to?
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performance-enhancing outcomes.
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The Consumers' Bill of Rights decrees by JFK did NOT specify?
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the right to freedom.
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The current trend in business ethics has moved away from legally based ethical initiatives in organizations.
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cultural or integrity-based initiatives that make ethics a part of core organizational values.
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RElative to business ethics what is true?
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The values learned from family, religion, & school may not provide specific guidelines of complex business decisions.
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Business ethics was institutionalized thru the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for organizations during what period?
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The 1970's1
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Business ethics related to rules principles that guide individuals & work group decisions, whereas social responsibility?
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concerns the effect of organizational decisons on society
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Within business ethics the issue of a living wage was a key issue?
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before 1960.
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The difference between an ordinary decision & an ethical one?
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Responsibility for weighing the accepted rules do not apply & the decisions maker is faced with the responsibility for weighint values & reaching a judgement in a situation that is not quite the same as any they have faced before.
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Many pollution control efforts have?
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Relatively short payback & long-term positive effects on profitability.
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What prohibits the US corporatins from offering or providing paymetns to officials of foreign governments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business abroad?
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Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
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Cutlure is definied by?
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everything in our surrounding made by people, both tangible items & intangible concepts & values
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What is NOT a criticism of multinational corporations?
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Their help in establishing minimum wage laws.
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Statement that is correct?
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When companies charge high prices for products sold in their home markets while selling the same products in foreign markets at lower prices that do not cover all the costs of exporting the products the practice is known as dumping.
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Racial & sexual discrimination?
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Are not limited to the US
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What statement is NOT one of the cultural differences that may create ethical issues in international business?
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Age
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Advances in telecommunications have intensifies such ethical issues?
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Copyright infringement & unauthorized duplications of fashion designs.
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According to the concept of cutlural relativism what is correct?
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Morality varies from one culture to another.
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What provides legally binding grounding for international commerce & trade policy?
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World Trade Organization
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For public corporations, boards of directors hold the ultimate responsibility for their firms success or failure.
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True statement.
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Not an example of primary stakeholder?
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Media
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Groups that influence and/or are affected by the company that neither engage in economic exchanges with the firm not are fundamental to its dailyr survival are collectively called?
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Secondary stakeholders
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What activity is NOT part if stakeholder orientation?
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The practice of providing loans to company officials
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A survey of USA Today found coporate boards have considerable?
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Overlap
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the shareholders model of corporate governance is based on?
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Maximization of wealth of investors & owners
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What is NOT one of the classes of corpirate goverance issues?
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conflicts of interst
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What statement is correct?
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The degree to which a firm understands & addresses a stakeholder demands can be referred to as a stakeholder orientation.
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Business ethics issues, conflicts, & success resolve around?
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Relationships
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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was established to address?
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accounting fraud
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To avoid sexual misconduct charges a company should do all EXCEPT?
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prevent dual relationships
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What branch made the decision that helped lay the groundword for intellectual property rules?
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FCO
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What statement is true?
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Insider tradeing can be legal or illegal.
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In sexual harassment cases the definition of ? behaviors varies from state to state?
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Reasonable
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The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty related to the worlds growing concern about?
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Global warming
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What is NOT a popular method of obtaining valuable corporate information?
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Blocking
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What creates a perception or belief by words that intentionally deceive the receiver of a message?
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commission lying
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Optomization is the tradeoff between equity and?
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Efficiency
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What behavior rankes as the most observed misconduct since 2000?
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Abusive or intimidating behavior
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What is a consumer protection law?
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Wool Products Labeling Acts of 1939
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The three dimensions of institutionalization are?
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voluntary, core, and mandated practices
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What is NOT a law regulating competition?
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Pure Food & Drug Act of 1906
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What dimension of social responsibility refers to a business's contribution to society?
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Philanthropic
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What is derived from precedent established by judges?
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Common law
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What is NOT a law promoting equility & safety?
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Clayton Act of 1814
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Strategic philanthropy is best defined by?
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lying philanthropic giving to overall strategy & objectives.
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Ethical issue intensity is defined as?
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The perceived relevance or importances of an ethical issue to the individual, work group, and/or organization.
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What is NOT ibe if the six leadership styles identified by Daniel Goleman?
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Transformational
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What is NOT a compound of immediate job context that may relate to opportunity?
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Bribes
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What is NOT a significant other influencing ethical decision making in the workplace?
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Children
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A corporate culture can be defined as?
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...
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What is the term that refers to the conditoins that limit or permit ethical or unethical behavior?
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Opportunity
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What key componenbt is NOT included in the ethical decision-making framework?
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Corporate culture
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The most important laws & regulations that have been passed to encourage ethical conduct are the sarbanes-Oxley Act and?
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FSGO
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The Sarbanes-oxley Act was passed to provide oversight to?
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corporate accounting practices
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What is NOT a law protecting the environment?
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Nutrirional labeling & Education Act of 1990
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Teleogy refers to moral philisophies in which an act is considered?
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Morally right or acceptable if it produces a desired result.
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The types of moral philisophy include?
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teleology, dentology, relativist perspective, virtue ethics, & justice
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Moral philisophy refers in particular to?
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The principles or rules that people use what is right or wrong.
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Ethical leaders are tranparent leaders.
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True statement
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Thomas Whgite, a leading authority on charater development believes being a moral person does not necessarily involve intellectual skills.
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False statement
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Ethical leaders are reactive.
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False statement
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Types of justice include?
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distributive, procedural, & interactional.
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According to Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development, different individuals make different decision in similar ethical situation because?
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They are in different stages of cognitive moral development.
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Denotologists believe indivduals have certain absolute rights including?
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freedom of conscience, freedom of consent, freedom of privacy, freedom of speech, and due process.
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What statement is NOT correct?
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Utilitarianism defines right or acceptable actions as those that maximize total utility, or the greatest good for the most powerful people
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What defines rights or acceptable behavior in terms of the consequences for the individual?
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Egosim
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According to the relativist perspective, definitions, of ethical behavior are derived?
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subjectively from the experience of individuals & groups.
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What statement is correct?
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A moral virtue represents an acquired disposition that is valued as a part of an individuals character
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The idea that people learn ethichal or unethical behavior while interacting with others who are part of their role-sets or other intimate personal groups is called?
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Differential association.
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Standards of behavior groups expect from their members are called?
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Group norms
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This tool can be used to classify & identify values, norms, beliefs, & customs?
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Corporate cultural audit
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What statement is true?
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The caring culture exhibits high concern for people but minimal concern for performance issues.
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With regard to a decentralized organization what is correct?
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There are few & informal rules & procedures.
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What is a FALSE staement about power?
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Expert power is derived from a person's authority
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What is satisfied by creative or productive activities?
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Growth needs
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What organizational cultures demonstrates high concern for people & high concern for performance?
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Integrative
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Corporate culture may be expressed informally thru?
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legends
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With regard to a centralized organization what is correct?
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Flexibility is low.
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What is NOT suggested as being included as being desirable for codes of ethics?
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Compliance
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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act put more pressure on ethics officers to monitor?
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Financial reporting.
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To be effectie ethics training must first start with a foundation that includes?
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A code of ethics
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A major mistake in designing & implementing an ethis program is?
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Senior managments failure to take ownership
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Values orientation strives to develop?
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shared values
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A compliance orientation uses?
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Contracts, rules, & penalties.
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The primary impication of bad apple bad barrel theory is?
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organizations CAN influence ethical behavior by hiring people with high ethical standards & developing an ethical corporate culture.
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What is NOT one of the keys to successfule ethics training?
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Rewarding employees for unethical behaviors.
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What is NOT a responsibility of an ethics officer?
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Developing & implementing marketing strategy
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What statement is correct?
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An organizational ethics programs should help reduce the possibility of legally enforced penalties & negatively public reactions to misconduct.
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An ethics audits is?
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a major component of an ethics program.
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An ideal person or group to oversee the ethics audit would be?
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The board of directors
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The strategic importance of ethics auditing includes all EXCEPT?
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Avoidance of fines in cases of an infraction
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The Better Business Bureau Internatinal Torch Award for marketplace ethics may be usefule to hlep what type of companies with their ethics audit?
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Companies with fewer resources
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A major risk of ethics auditing is?
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Discovering a serious ethical problem tha the company would prefer not to disclose.
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the similarity between ethics auditing & financial auditing is both employ?
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Objective reporting.
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The ethics auditing process can do all EXCEPT?
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Provide ethical disaster recovery.
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an ethics audit is best described as a?
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Systematic evaluation of an organizations ethics program and/or performance to determine its effectiveness
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Verificaion of audit results involves?
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An independent assessment of the quality, accuracy, & completeness of a companys corporate citizenship report.
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The first step in conducting any audit is to?
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Secure the commitment of top management and/or board of directors.
