US history ch 20 – Flashcards
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Henry Ford
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carmaker, who introduces a series of methods and ideas that revolutionized production, wages, working conditions and daily life
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mass production
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production of goods in large #s through the use of machinery and assembly lines
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model T
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automobile manufactured by Henry Ford to be affordable on the mass market
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scientific management
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approachable to improving efficiency, in which experts looked at every step of manufacturing process, trying to find ways to reduce time, effort, and expense
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assembly line
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arraignment of equipment and workers in which passes from operation to operation in direct line intel the product is assembled
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consumer revolution
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flood of new, affordable goods in decade after war
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installment buying
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method of purchase in which buyer makes a small down payment and then pays off the rest of the debt in regular monthly payments
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bull market
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period of rising stock prices
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buying on margin
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system of buying stocks i which a buyer pays a small % of the purchase price while the broker advances the rest
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how did the car change america?
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-economically -more freedom -more transportation -electrical appliances
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what was the "other america?"
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-poorer, outside of the economic boom -farmers
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what was the 20s a time of?
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-great prosperity -great tension -great inequality -great creativity
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if you pay workers decent wages and treat them with respect what happens?
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your employees will stay around
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Andrew Mellon
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wealthy banker who was the Secretary Of Treasury
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Herbert Hoover
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worked with business and labor leaders to achieve voluntary advancements
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teapot dome scandal
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scandal during Warding's administration in which the secretary of interior leased gov't oil reserves to private oilmen in return for bribes
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Calvin Coolidge
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-VP of Harding -quiet, honest, frugal -admired productive business owners
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washington naval disarmament conference
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meeting held in 1921 and 1922 where world leaders agreed to limit construction of warships
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Kellogg- Briand Pact
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1928 agreement in which many nations agreed to outlaw war
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dawes plan
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agreement in which the US loans $ to Germany, allowing Germany to make reparation payments to Britain and France
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what exactly did "return to normalcy" mean?
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-some saw it as a retreat from involvement in world affairs -others as a rejection of progressive reform efforts or a swing back to laissez-faire economics
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how did Mellon shift the direction of US economic policy?
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-support legislation that advanced business interests -disliked relatively new income tax, favoring low taxes on individuals and companies
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how did Hoover shift the direction of US social policies?
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-he worked with business and labor leaders to achieve voluntary advancements
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who were the ohio gang and how did they undermine President Harding's administration?
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-Harding's friends who he plays late night poker with -not honest public servants like Mellon and Hoover -greedy, small minded people who wanted to get rich
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what did Harding and Coolidge support?
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-conservative policies -aid business growth
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not everyone shares prosperity
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-farmers struggled, agricultural prices fell -African Americans/ Mexican Americans faced severe discrimination
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what was a negative to Calvin Coolidge?
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he ignored such issues; not the federal gov'ts job to legislate social change
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modernism
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-artistic and literary movement sparked by a break with past conventions -popular with urban livers
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fundamentalism
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-movement or attitude stressing strike and literal adherence to a set of basic principles -popular with rural livers
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Scopes trial
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1925 trial of TN school teacher for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution
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Clarence Darrow
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most celebrated defense attorney in America
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quota system
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arrangement that limited the # of immigrants who could enter the US from specific countries
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Ku Klux Klan
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organization that promotes header and discrimination against specific ethnic and religious groups
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prohibition
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forbidding by law of the manufacture, transport, and sale of alcohol
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18th amendment
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constitutional amendment banning the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol in the US
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volstead act
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law enacted by Congress to enforce the 18th amendment
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bootlegger
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one who sells illegal alcohol
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old KKK
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-formed in South during reconstruction to terrorize blacks
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new KKK
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-targeted Jews, Catholics, blacks, immigrants, also stand against lawbreaking/ immorality
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why did the support for the temperance movement increase during WWI?
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-it seemed unpatriotic to use corn, wheat, and barley to make alcohol when soldiers overseas needed bread
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what were the arguments used in the debate over prohibition?
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-advocates for prohibition (drys) called it a "noble experiment," it improved individuals, strengthened families and created better societies
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urban views on education
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-formal education essential to getting a job
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rural views on education
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-"book learning" interfered with farm labor -education was less valued
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national origins act
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each nationality quota allows 2% of 1890s total population of the nationality living in the US
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countering KKK
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-NAACP, Jewish Anti-defamation league both countered the KKK
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speakeasy raids
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night clubs that sold alcohol
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Charlie Chaplin
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most famous silent film star who played Little Tramp
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the Jazz singer
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first movie with sound synchronized to the action
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Babe Ruth
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baseball homerun king
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Charles Lindbergh
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pilot
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flapper
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young worm n from 20s who defied traditional rules of conduct and dress
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Sigmund Freud
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Austrian psychologist who contributed to literary and artistic modernism
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"lost generation"
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term for American writers of the 20s marked by disillusion with WWI and a search for a new sense of meaning
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F. Scott Fitzgerald
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novelist who explored reality of American dream of wealth, success, and emotional fulfillment
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Ernest Hemingway
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explored similar things as Fitzgerald, but in a new idiom
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why did movies appeal to so many people?
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-cheap -broke language barriers since films were silent
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how did radios help standardize culture in the US?
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people all over the nation listened to the same songs, learned the same dances, and shared the same popular culture
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why did Lindbergh get the nickname "lucky lindy?"
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-he landed in Paris -he was the first to make a solo, non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean
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how did flappers represent a shift in the attitude women had toward their roles in society?
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women aspired to be more independent and take control of their lives
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how did family life change for women in the 20s?
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-some stayed married longer -live longer -fewer children -healthier lives
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what did the lost generation try to find in its writings?
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search for new truths and ways for expression those truths
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Marcus Garvey
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most prominent African American leader to emerge in 20s
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jazz
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-music based on improvisation -creatively combines African American blues, rag time, and european based popular music
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Louis Armstrong
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trumpet player who became the unofficial ambassador of jazz
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Bessie Smith
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"empress of the blues"
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harlem renaissance
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period during 20s which black novelists, poets, and artists celebrated their culture
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Claude McKay
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Jamaican immigrant who was the most militant to writers
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Langston Hughes
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most powerful African American literary voice
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Zora Neale Hurston
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traveled rural back roads native to Florida, collecting folk tales in books
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what did Marcus Garvey advocate?
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separation of races- his message spoke to willing convert in American cities
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what is harlem?
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helped give a new vocab. and dynamic to race relations in the US
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why did Garvey's plans fizz out?
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he was sent to prison for mail fraud and was later deported to Jamaica
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where did jazz originate?
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NOLA
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how did jazz spread north?
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with the Great Migration
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what was the lasting impact of the harlem renaissance?
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it gave a voice to African American culture
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what cause the harlem renaissance to end?
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with the national financial collapse that also ended the nation's decade of prosperity
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new cultural trends: mass culture
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radio and movies unite people of different regions
