Ubuntu linux 3A – Flashcards

yum update math pac Explanation update will insure all dependencies are met. upgrade is for some backward compatibility and considers package 'obsoletes'. It may be removed in the future. The yum remove math pac and then yum install math pac will work, but has unnecessary steps. The rpm command is inappropriate for yum packages.

grub-install --root-directory=/boot sd2 Explanation Use grub-install --root-directory=/boot sd2 to install GRUB on the third hard drive. ##MARGINS=16,8,0,0##. The --root-directory option specifies the directory and hard drive where to install GRUB. ##MARGINS=16,0,0,0##. The third hard drive is represented as sd2. sd3 represents the forth hard drive in the system.

rpm2cpio Explanation Use rpm2cpio to convert RPM packages into a cpio archive. This is useful for extracting files from an RPM package without installing and searching for the specific files. createrepo creates a repository list of RPM packages stored locally or on a network. rpm -e uninstalls (i.e., erases) a package. Uninstalling packages uses the package name, not the file name. If dependencies exist, the dependent packages must first be removed. rpm -i installs a package. Use the entire package filename when installing.

rpm --force Explanation The rpm --force command install the package regardless of whether, a newer version of the package is already installed, package files overwrite files from previously installed packages, or if the package replaces other installed packages. Be aware of the other rpm options: ##MARGINS=16,8,O,O##. -i installs a package. Use the entire package filename when installing. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O##. -h prints hash marks as the package archive is unpacked. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O##. -v displays a verbose version of the installation. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O##. --rebuilddb rebuilds the database indices from the installed package headers. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O##. -e uninstalls (i.e., erases) a package. Uninstalling packages uses the package name, not the file name. If dependencies exist, the dependent packages must first be removed. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O##. --initdb creates a new database. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O##. --checksig checks the authenticity of the package. The option checks the packages digital signing key against the package to insure it has not been altered. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O##. --test tests a package for uninstalled dependencies without actually installing it. ##MARGINS= 16,0,0,0##. -v verifies that packages are free from errors. RPM only gives output when packages have errors. If errors are present, the command displays the error code and the file name. ##MARGINS= 16,0,0,0##. -q queries the computer for information about installed packages. Note: Use this with -a to list all packages and -I show the files associated with the package. ##MARGINS= 16,0,0,0##. --nodeps installs the package without checking for dependencies. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O##. -U updates an installed package to the newest version. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O##. -F upgrades the package, but only if an earlier version currently exists on the system.

Idd -v /bin/bash Explanation Idd -v /bin/bash displays all of the shared library information for the /bin/bash executable. The Idd command displays which libraries are used by another library (i.e., library dependencies). Be aware of the following options Idd options: ##MARGINS=16,8,O,O##- -y displays all information. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O##- --version displays the version number of Idd. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O##- -u displays unused direct dependencies. The Idconfig reloads the library cache every time you add or remove libraries, and updates the symbolic links. Be aware of the following options Idconfig options: ##MARGINS=16,8,O,O##- -N updates symbolic links, but does not update the cache. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O##- -p displays the current library cache, including all the library directories and their respective libraries.

/etc/ld.so.conf Explanation /etc/ld.so.conf contains a colon, space, tab, newline, or comma-delimited list of directories in which to search for libraries. Some lines in the file begin with the include directive, which lists files that are to be included as if they were part of the part of the main file. Use the Idconfig -f command to change the configuration file from the default of /etc/ld.so.conf.

Installing two different packages that both include /usr/lib/graphlib Explanation Installing two different packages that include the same library has the possibility of conflicting versions. Generally, upgrading a library to a higher version is not a problem. Several applications using the same library are per design and will not cause conflicts. Upgrading the kernel and staying within the same minor revision level will usually not cause conflicts.

/boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/grub.conf Explanation The GRUB configuration file is /boot/grub/grub.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst. In some distributions, the menu.lst file is a symbolic link to the grub.conf file.

dpkg -C Explanation The dpkg -C command searches for packages that have been partially installed on the system. The dpkg command installs Debian packages on Debian distributions.

rpm -v myapp5.4.rpm Explanation rpm -v myapp5.4.rpm will perform an MD5 checksum on the package to verify that the myapp5.4.rpm package is free from errors. RPM only gives output when packages have errors. If errors are present, the command displays the error code and the file name.

Use the LD_LIBRARY _PATH environment variable to specify additional directories to search for library files. Modify /etc/ld.so.conf to add the path of the libraries. Explanation Use the following methods for configuring dynamic libraries on a Linux system: ##MARGINS=16,8,O,O##e Modify jetcjld.so.conf to add the path of the libraries. ##MARGINS= 16,O,O,O##e Use the LD_LIBRARY _PATH environment variable to specify additional directories to search for library files. /etc/ld.so.cache is a cached list of libraries found in the directories specified in /etc/ld.so.conf. The system uses this cached list instead of loading /etc/ld.so.conf every time a program runs. Static libraries have an .a filename extension and are used when shared libraries are not available.

rpm --nodeps Explanation The rpm --nodeps command installs the package without checking for dependencies. This is not recommended. A dependency is an application's reliance on another package to perform correctly.

rpm --test Explanation The rpm --test tests a package for uninstalled dependencies without actually installing it. Be aware of the other rpm options: ##MARGINS=16,8,0,0##. -i installs a package. Use the entire package filename when installing. ##MARGINS=16,0,0,0##. -h prints hash marks as the package archive is unpacked. ##MARGINS=16,0,0,0##. -v displays a verbose version of the installation. ##MARGINS=16,0,0,0##. --checksig checks the authenticity of the package. The option checks the packages digital signing key against the package to insure it has not been altered. ##MARGINS=16,0,0,0##. -U updates an installed package to the newest version. ##MARGINS=16,0,0,0##. --rebuilddb rebuilds the database indices from the installed package headers. ##MARGINS=16,0,0,0##. -e uninstalls (i.e., erases) a package. To uninstall packages, use the package name, not the file name. If dependencies exist, the dependent packages must first be removed. ##MARGINS=16,0,0,0##. --initdb creates a new database. ##MARGINS= 16,0,0,0##. -v verifies that packages are free from errors. RPM only gives output when packages have errors. If errors are present, the command displays the error code and the file name. ##MARGINS= 16,0,0,0##. -q queries the computer for information about installed packages. Note: Use this with -a to list all packages and -I to show the files associated with the package. ##MARGINS=16,0,0,0##. --nodeps installs the package without checking for dependencies. ##MARGINS=16,0,0,0##. -F upgrades the package, but only if an earlier version currently exists on the system. ##MARGINS=16,0,0,0##. --force installs the package, regardless of whether a newer version of the package is already installed. Package files overwrite files from previously installed packages, or if the package replaces other installed packages.

apt-cache Explanation The apt-cache command retrieves information about the Debian package database. Be aware of the following apt-cache options: ##MARGINS=16,8,O,O## -showpkg displays information about a package in the database. ##MARGINS= 16,O,O,O## -stats shows the number of packages installed, dependency information, and other package cache statistics. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O## -unmet lists any missing dependencies in the package cache. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O## -depends shows all of the package's dependencies. ##MARGINS= 16,O,O,O## -pkgnames displays whether a package is installed on the system. When the package name is left off, the command shows information for all packages on the computer. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O## -search searches for a package in the cache.

Run the command rpm -e mplayer-1.0-0.10.pre4.1.fc2.fr.i386 to uninstall mplayer. Explanation The proper method is to run the rpm -e command to uninstall the application. The tar command cannot be used to uninstall packages. There is no standard Linux command called erase. Trying to manually uninstall an application by erasing its files is not recommended

aptitude Explanation aptitude is the front-end to Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) which displays a list of software packages and allows the user to interactively pick packages to install or remove. apt-get downloads and installs packages including dependencies. apt-cache retrieves information about the Debian package database. dpkg installs Debian packages on Debian distributions.

Change the default line to read default=1. Explanation Use the default line to specify the operating system that boots as the default. In this case, you should change the default line to read default=1. or default=Red Hat Linux. Either method configures GRUB to load the second operating system installed on the system as the default when the system boots. The hiddenmenu line disables/enables the menu that lists the operating system options. The timeout line sets the number of seconds GRUB waits before automatically booting the default operating system.

Unlimited Explanation You can create an unlimited amount of logical partitions on an extended partition. An extended partition is an optional partition that does not have an operating system installed on it and thus is not bootable. Extended partitions can be further subdivided into an unlimited amount of logical drives. There can be a maximum of one extended partition on a single hard disk drive.

Within the /etc/yum.conf file. Explanation Add the URLs of RPM repositories to the /etc/yum.conf configuration file. The configuration file contains: ##MARGINS=16,8,O,O## -URLs of RPM repositories. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O## -Directories where it saves downloaded packages. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O## -Locations of logs. You can also add a .repo file for each Internet repository in the /etc/yum.repos.d/ directory. YUM uses /var/usr/yum.log as a log file to track when packages are installed, removed, or downloaded. The Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) uses a database stored at /var/lib/rpm that keeps track of all installed packages, their current status, and available updates.

yum erase yum remove Explanation To remove an RPM package from your system using the Yellowdog Updater Modified (YUM) use: ##MARGINS=16,8,O,O## - rpm erase ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O## - rpm remove rpm provides displays what packages are associated with a specific file. rpm search searches all packages for a specified term.

list updates Explanation yum list updates displays whether updates are available for packages. Use the Yellowdog Updater Modified (YUM) utility to install RPM packages, including their dependencies. yum list displays lists of packages. yum install installs a package. Use the entire package filename when installing. yum update updates RPM packages.

rpm -ih apt-O.5.15cnc6-1.1.fc2.fr.i386 rpm -Uh apt-O.5.15cnc6-1.1.fc2.fr.i386 Explanation The commands rpm -Uh or rpm -ih will install package apt-0.S.1Scnc6-1.1.fc2.fr.i386. The command rpm -e will erase an installed package. There is no -X switch to use with rpm. Tar does not work with rpm files.

rpm -ql metacity Explanation rpm -ql metacity shows the files associated with the metacity package. rpm -l installs a package. Use the entire package filename when installing. rpm -V verifies that packages are free from errors by performing an MDS checksum on the package. rpm --test tests a package for uninstalled dependencies without actually installing it.

/home Explanation The /home directory contains the user data for all users on the Linux system except for the root user account. When planning partitions, you should create a separate partition for the /home directory.

apt-get Explanation The apt-get command downloads and installs packages on a Debian distribution. Apt-get: ##MARGINS=16,8,O,O## - Is similar to the yum utility on an RPM distribution. ##MARGINS=16,O,O,O## - Gets its information about the application repositories from the /etc/apt/sources.list file.