question

"The largest, longest-run agricultural and environmental miscalculation in American history" refers to

answer

farming the Great Plains.

question

In 1891, Thomas Morgan, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, called for assimilation of Native Americans through

answer

education.

question

Which of the following is properly matched?

answer

Chinese—transcontinental railroad

question

Which of the following is most in keeping with the "Know-Nothing" Party's philosophy?

answer

The Chinese Exclusion Act

question

Mark Twain had most in common with

answer

Ned Buntline

question

Which of the following is true for labor in both the colonial days and in the late nineteenth century?

answer

The shortage of workers was a challenge

question

A practice that differentiated late-nineteenth century industry from its earlier counterparts before the Civil War was

answer

advertising

question

Who, among the following, epitomizes a Horatio Alger story?

answer

Andrew Carnegie

question

The AFL was more successful than the Knights of Labor, mainly because

answer

the AFL represented "bread and butter" issues

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding American labor in the late nineteenth century?

answer

The Western Federation of Miners and the IWW were among the most radical of the unions

question

The rise of nickelodeons, amusement parks, dance halls, vaudeville, and other "cheap amusements" had the effect of

answer

challenging traditional courtship rituals

question

Which of the following would Mark Twain think best embodies the spirit of the "Gilded Age"?

answer

Ward McAllister's Social Register

question

Which of the following represents the "genteel tradition" begun in the 1860s?

answer

The Atlantic Monthly

question

Which phenomenon most influenced the rise of the cult of masculinity?

answer

Urban life and work

question

Which is NOT true of Tammany Hall?

answer

Its power was broken by William Marcy Tweed

question

The late nineteenth century is known as the "Age of Robber Barons." What were robber barons?

answer

Capitalists who became wealthy from the economic system but contributed nothing to it

question

An effect of the Civil War and the South's resultant supply of cheap labor was

answer

southern economic retardation and stagnation.

question

A result of mass production was that

answer

skilled workers gradually lost their autonomy

question

"It looks to me like slavery to have a man stand over you with a stop watch." To what is this iron molder referring?

answer

Scientific management

question

What do the Railroad Strike of 1877 and the great Pullman boycott of 1894 have in common?

answer

The federal government sent troops to put both strikes down

question

What was a major effect of the American radical movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century?

answer

It exposed the exploitative and unjust features of the American industrial order.

question

The United States encouraged Chinese immigration through such means as the Burlingame Treaty (1868) partially

answer

to provide workers for the Central Pacific Railroad.

question

What Jeffersonian ideal was cited to allow business to grow and prosper without regulation, often at the expense of its workers and consumers?

answer

The government that governs best, governs least.

question

A poor young boy who makes his way in the world regardless of the obstacles in his path and rises to greatness, is the theme of stories by

answer

Horatio Alger

question

The growth of trusts, seen especially in the railroad industry in the last half of the nineteenth century, was a result of the

answer

pervasiveness of intense competition among producers

question

Why was the Great Plains the last area to be settled?

answer

With about half the rainfall of the East, it was perceived as uninhabitable

question

The dominant northern Plains Indian tribe was the

answer

Sioux

question

The factor that changed Americans' perception of the plains to an area ripe for exploitation was the

answer

railroad

question

Initially, the major American business on the Great Plains was

answer

cattle ranching

question

The author of many dime novels who built up the myth of life in the West was

answer

Ned Buntline

question

The last great Indian "battle" was a massacre of Sioux Indians

answer

at Wounded Knee

question

An army scout and buffalo hunter made famous in dime novels, this showman created a wild west show that kept the legend of the West alive.

answer

Bill Cody

question

Which of the following did NOT promote settlement of the Great American Desert?

answer

Cattle ranchers

question

An outcome of settlement on the plains was

answer

the breaking down of gender roles

question

Which of the following made surviving on the plains easier?

answer

New strains of wheat and steel plows

question

Oliver Kelly founded the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry, which

answer

hoped to improve the social life of farm families.

question

State Granger laws were designed mostly to

answer

regulate the railroads

question

What factor wrecked the Indian reservation system established by the United States government?

answer

White land hunger

question

The Far West was settled before the central United States mostly because of

answer

the discovery of mineral wealth.

question

New Mexico was unique in that

answer

European and Native American cultures managed a successful coexistence

question

What stimulated Mexican migration into the United States at the end of the nineteenth century?

answer

A demand for workers

question

The Chinese came to the United States

answer

as part of a worldwide Asian migration driven by poverty

question

The Dawes Severalty Act

answer

used private ownership of property as a "civilizing force."

question

Which of the following is properly matched?

answer

Helen Hunt Jackson—A Century of Dishonor

question

The Exodusters were

answer

blacks who migrated to Kansas

question

As American industry expanded in the late nineteenth century, its energy source shifted from

answer

water to coal

question

To encourage business enterprise, the national government provided railroads with

answer

land grants and incorporation

question

By 1900, the United States had become the leading steel producer in the world, mainly attributed to

answer

the Bessemer Process.

question

Credit Mobilier was

answer

a railroad scandal involving Union Pacific

question

Which of the following is correctly matched?

answer

Cornelius Vanderbilt—New York Central Railroad

question

By 1890, the American enterprise system surpassed anything in Europe mainly because

answer

the American market was more vast and accessible than Europe's

question

Both Andrew Carnegie and Gustavus Swift made use of vertical integration, which is

answer

when a national company pushes out its competition and controls the nearly the entire industry

question

Economic growth in the New South developed more slowly than in the North because

answer

the Southern industries produced mostly raw materials or did low-tech processing.

question

As Northern European immigration to the United States declined at the end of the nineteenth century, which immigrant group dramatically increased?

answer

southern and eastern Europeans

question

Which of the following jobs was NOT generally available to women at the end of the nineteenth century?

answer

southern and eastern Europeans

question

Which of the following is properly paired?

answer

ndrew Carnegie—steel industry

question

A result of "scientific management" (Taylorism) was that

answer

it angered the workers.

question

Which of the following statements about the labor movement is correct?

answer

The Knights of Labor included women and African Americans in its union

question

Which of the following is properly matched?

answer

Collective bargaining—union negotiations with the employer for all the employees

question

The Haymarket incident in 1886

answer

led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor

question

Which is true of the Homestead steel strike?

answer

It ushered in a decade of conflict between workers and corporate industry

question

Which statement is NOT true about the Pullman boycott (strike)?

answer

A virtual war broke out between the strikers and the Pinkerton guards hired to protect the trains

question

Eugene V. Debs

answer

confronted a system in which employers, helped by government, beat down working people

question

The IWW (Wobblies) and their leader, "Big Bill" Haywood, believed that

answer

workers could bring about a Marxist revolution by means of a general strike.

question

What were the greatest factors in defining occupational opportunity in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century?

answer

Gender and race

question

Urbanization became inevitable in the United States because of

answer

industrialism

question

Frederick Law Olmsted was significant in urban development through his work in

answer

creating public parks as part of the "City Beautiful" movement

question

For the newcomer, the anonymity of city life meant recognition, family background, and deference did little to determine one's social status. Therefore status was expressed by

answer

choice of one's neighborhood.

question

The novelist who realistically depicted the seedy side of urban life in the novels Sister Carrie and The Titan was

answer

Theodore Dreiser

question

Industrialism and urbanization changed middle-class family life in all of the following ways EXCEPT

answer

home schooling increased.

question

A marker for urban dwellers' fears that city life was emasculating was

answer

the rising popularity of westerns, adventure novels, and competitive sports

question

"New" immigration patterns in the early twentieth century reflected the growing emigration from

answer

southern and eastern Europe

question

The central institution for urban African Americans was

answer

church

question

Which of the following correctly matches the people with their respective endeavors?

answer

Dwight Moody and Billy Sunday—religious revivalism

question

Financing for much of urban culture came from

answer

private investment

question

By the early 1900s, cities became a major concern for reformers who feared

answer

that city life engendered the loss of republican America ideals.

question

Which of the following was true for middle-class families in the late nineteenth century?

answer

Attitudes toward child rearing changed as children were indulged and remained dependent on their parents longer than they had previously

question

Which of the following is true about popular culture in the last quarter of the nineteenth century?

answer

A change occurred in which culture was increasingly feminized and "confiscated" by the upper classes

question

Which of the following was LEAST employed for the practice of "treating"?

answer

Baseball

question

William Randolph Hearst's and Joseph Pulitzer's sensationalist style of reporting was known as

answer

yellow journalism

question

Which of the following was NOT true of the urban political machine?

answer

It kept new immigrants from taking jobs from native-born Americans.

question

Which of the following is true of religion in the city at the turn of the century?

answer

The Catholic Church found that in order to hold on to their congregations, they needed to incorporate ethnic differences and the American way of life

question

Cities offered all the following amenities EXCEPT

answer

comfortable, modern housing for the working classes

question

Which of the following made the growth of skyscrapers possible?

answer

The development of steel girders, plate glass, and elevators

question

Dumbbell tenements were

answer

a prize-winning design that tried to reconcile maximum land usage with decent housing but was sorely inadequate in reality

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