MISC Ch. 4 – Flashcards
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telecommunications
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refers to the electronic transmission of signals for communications, by such means as telephone, radio, and television
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telecommunications medium
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any material substance that carries an electronic signal to support communication between a sending and receiving device
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speed
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an important characteristic of telecommunications is the ______ at which information is transmitted
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channel bandwidth
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the rate at which data is exchanged, usually measured in bits per second
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broadband communications
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a relative term but generally means a telecommunications system that can exchange data very quickly
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broader
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the ______ the bandwidth the more information can be exchanged at one time
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guided transmission media
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where communications signals are guided along a solid medium
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wireless transmission media
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where communications signals is broadcast over airwaves as a form of electromagnetic radiation
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twisted-pair wire
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twisted pairs of copper wire, shielded or unshielded
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coaxial cable
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inner conductor wire surrounded by insulation
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fiber optic cable
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many extremely thin stands of glass bound together in a sheathing, uses light beams to transmit signals
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near field communication (NFC)
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a very short-range wireless connectivity technology designed for cell phones and credit cards
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Bluetooth
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a wireless communications specification that describes how cell phones, computers, faxes, printers, and other electronic devices can be interconnected over distances of 10-30 feet at a rate of about 2mbps
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ultra wideband (UWB)
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a form of short-range communications that employs extremely short electromagnetic pulses lasting just 50 to 1000 picoseconds that are transmitted across a broad range of radio frequencies of several gigahertz
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microwave
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a high-frequency signal sent through the air
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terrestrial microwaves
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transmitted by line-of-sight devices, so the line of sight between the transmitter and receiver must be unobstructed
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wifi
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a medium range wireless telecommunications technology brand owned by the Wi-Fi Alliance
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geostational satellite
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orbits the earth directly over the equator, approximately 22,300 miles above the earth, so that it appears stationary
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low earth orbit (LEO) satellite
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employs many satellites, each in an orbit at an altitude of less than 1000 miles
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very small aperture terminal (VSAT)
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a satellite ground station with a dish antenna smaller than 3 meters in diameter, provides internet access and local area network communications
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long term evolution (LTE)
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a standard for wireless communications for mobile phones based on packet switching
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WiMAX
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a 4G alternative based on a set of IEEE 802.16 wireless metropolitan area network standards that support various types of communications access
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WiMAX
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operates like wifi but over greater distances and at faster transmission speeds
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computer network
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the communications media, devices, and software needed to connect two or more computer systems or devices
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personal area network (PAN)
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a network that supports the interconnection of info technology within a range of 33 feet or so
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local area network (LAN)
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a network that connects computer systems and deices within a small area, such as an office, home, or several floors in a building
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bluetooth
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the industry standard for PAN communications
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metropolitan area network (MAN)
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a telecommunications network that connects users and their computers in a geographical area that spans a campus or a city
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wide area network (WAN)
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a telecommunications network that connects large geographic regions
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centralized processing
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an approach to processing wherein all processing occurs in a single location or facility
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transborder dataflow
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WANs often provide communications across national borders, which involves national and international laws regulating the electronic flow of data across the international boundaries often called ________ _______
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decentralized processing
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an approach to processing wherein processing devices are placed at various remote locations
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distributed processing
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an approach to processing wherein processing devices are placed at remote locations but are connected to each other via a network
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client/server architecture
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an approach to computing wherein multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions, such as database management, printing, communications, and program execution
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electronic health record
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is a summary of health info generated by each patient encounter in a health care industry setting
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network operating system (NOS)
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systems software that controls the computer systems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with eachother
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network management soft ware
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software that enables a manager on a networked desktop to monitor the used of individual computers and shared hardware (such as printers); scan for viruses; and ensure compliance with software licenses
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ARPANET
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a project stated by the US department of defense in 1969 as both an experiment in reliable networking and a means to link the DoD and military research contractors, including many universities doing military-funded research
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Internet protocol (IP)
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a communication standard that enables computers to route communications traffic from one network to another as needed
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the nation lambdarail (NLR)
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a cross-country, high speed fiber optic network dedicated to research in high speed networking applications
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network service providers (NSPs)
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large telecom companies are called ______
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IP protocol
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the set of rules used to pass packets from one host to another is the ___ ______
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IP adderess
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a 64-bit number that identifies a computer on the internet
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uniform resource locator (URL)
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a web address that specifies the exact location of a web page using letters and words that map to an IP address and a location on the host
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Hypertext transport protocol
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the primary method for interacting with the internet
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ICANN
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responsible for managing IP addresses and internet domain names
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Accredited domain name registrars
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ICANN used these companies to handle the business of registering domain names
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internet service provider (ISP)
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any organization that provides internet access to people
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dial up
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uses a modem and standard phone line to connect to the ISP server, slowest connection, original way to connect to internet in a home
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Tim Berners-Lee
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developed the world wide web
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web
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server and client software, the hypertext transfer protocol, standards, and mark-up languages that combine to deliver information and services over the internet
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hyperlink
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highlighter text of graphics in a web document that, which clicked, opens a new web page containing related content
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web browser
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web client software such as internet explorer, firefox, chrome, and safari are used to view webpages
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plug ins
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help provide additional features to standard web sites
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hypertext markup language
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the standard page description language for web pages
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HTML tags
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codes that tell the web browser how to format text- as a heading, as a list, or as a body text- and whether images, sound, and other elements should be inserted
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CSS
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HTML works hand in hand with another markup language called _____
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Cascade style sheets
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has become a popular tool for designing groups of web pages
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extensible markup language (XML)
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the markup language designed to transport and store data on the web
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Java
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used to make web pages come alive, adding splashy graphics, animations, and real time updates
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web services
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consist of standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among web sites and that promise to revolutionize the way we develop and use the web for business and personal purposes
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web development applications
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allow developers to create web sites using software that resembles a word processor
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web hosting services
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provide space on their web servers for people and businesses that don't have the time, financial resources, or skills to host their own web sites
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web 2.0
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the web as a computing platform that supports software applications and the sharing of information among users
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rich internet applications (RIA)
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software that has the functionality and complexity of traditional application software but that does no require local installation and runs in a web browser
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distance education
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conducting classes over the web with no physical class meetings is called ____
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search engine
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a valuable tool that enables you to find information on the web by specifying words that are key to the topic of interest, known as keywords
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spiders
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to help users get the information they want from the web, most search engines use an automated approach that scours the web with automated programs called _____
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search engine optimization (SEO)
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a process for driving traffic to a web site by using techniques that improve the site's ranking in search results
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web analytics software
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SEO professionals use ________ to study detailed statistics about visitors to their sites
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crowd sourcing
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the Wiki approach to content development is referred to as ________ which uses the combined effort of many individuals to accomplish come task
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web portal
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a web page that combines useful information and links and acts as an entry point to the web; portals typically include a search engine, a subject directory, daily headlines, and other items of interest.
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instant messaging
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a method that allows two or more people to communicate online in real time using the internet
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podcast
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an audio broadcast over the internet
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web log (blog)
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a web site that people can create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and opinions on a wide range of topics
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content streaming
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a methof for transferring large media files over the internet so that the data stream of voice and pictures plays more or less continuously as the file in being downloaded
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global supply management (GSM)
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_____ online services provide methods for businesses to find the best deals on the global market for raw materials and supplies needed to manufacture their products
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electronic exchanges
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provide an industry-specific web resource created to deliver a convenient centralized platform for B2B e-commerce among manufacturers, suppliers, and customers
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mashups
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combined web applications are commonly referred to as a ______
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geographic information systems (GIS)
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provide geographic information layered over a map
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telnet
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a network protocol that enables users to log on to networks remotely over the internet
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secure shell
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provides telnet functionality though a more secure connection
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intranet
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a internal corporate network built using internet and world wide web standards and products
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extranet
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a network based on web technologies that links selected resources of a company's intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
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tunneling
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the process by which VPNs transfer info by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the internet
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private networks (VPN)
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secure intranets and extranets access applications usualy require the use of a __________, a secure connection between two points on the internet.
