Managing Ch 1-5 – Flashcards
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A group of employees who assume collective responsibility for organizing, controlling, and supervising theri own work activities is known as a:
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self-managed team
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The ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and to distinguish between cause and effect is a:
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conceptual skill
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Robert is the product manager at Digital Digs, LLC, a company that manufactures computer accessories. He is known for his effectiveness and efficiency, qualities that are highly regarded in the company where he works. Which of the following can be fittingly inferred with regard to Digital Digs?
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Its products meet consumer needs at a price they can afford.
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Which of the following is true of top managers?
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They have cross-departmental responsibility
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Which of the following is a consequence of restructuring?
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Increase in employee attrition
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___ involves encouraging all employees to perform at a high level to help the organization achieve its vision and goals.
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Leading
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Middle managers are responsible for:
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finding the best way to use resources to achieve organizational goals.
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Which of the following tasks does a manager perform when he/she energizes employees and enables them to understand the part each of them plays in achieving organizational goals?
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Leading
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___ is a measure of how efficiently and effectively managers use available resources to satisfy customers and achieve organizational goals.
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Organizational performance
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Which of the following is a primary concern of top managers?
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Deciding which goods a company should produce
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___ is a management technique that involves giving employees more authority and responsibility over how they perform their work activities.
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Empowerment
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According to Mintzberg's typology, a manager who evaluates the performance of other managers in different tasks and takes corrective action to improve their performance is a ___.
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Monitor
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Which of the following is a characteristic of first-line managers?
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They are responsible for daily supervision of the nonmanagerial employees.
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Which of the following managerial tasks does a manager perform when he/she articulates a clear organizational vision for the organization's members to accomplish?
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Leading
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The process of creating new products that customers want is called:
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innovation.
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In an interview with a television channel, the Public Relations manager of KP Oil explained what his company intended to do to tackle the threat to marine life caused by an oil spill in the Pacific Ocean. The oil spill was caused by a tanker ship accident carrying crude oil for the company. According to Mintzberg, the PR manager of KP Oil is playing the role of a ___.
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spokesperson
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Marietta is the product manager at Fireflies Ltd., a company that designs and manufactures clothes and fashion accessories. Noticing the rising popularity of rhinestone jewelry and the fact htat only a handful of stores actually stocked it, she decided to take advantage of the latent demand in the market. Marietta knew that she was taking a risk by committing organizational resources to pursuing this idea, but was confident about the merit of her decision. In deciding the allocation of resources for attaining her goals, which managerial task can Marietta be said to be performing?
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Planning
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Emma is a highly efficient manager. This implies that she:
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minimizes the amount of input resources without compromising quality.
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Controlling is the managerial task that involves:
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taking any corrective actions needed to maintain or improve performance.
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A company with a low level of efficiency and high level of effectiveness is most likely to produce:
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a product that customers want, but that is too expensive for them to buy.
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Abby, the CEO of Little Angel Photography, reviews the performance of her company over the last quarter to determine whether they are meeting the planned sales and profitability goals. In this instance, which managerial task is she performing?
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Controlling
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Supervisors are also referred to as __.
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first-line managers
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Due to declining global sales, Make own Ventures Inc. announced that it would lay off 12 percent of its existing workforce over the next few months. This is an example of
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restructuring
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Craig is a highly effective manager. This implies that he:
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chooses appropriate goals and then achieves them
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Core competency is:
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the specific set of departmental skills, knowledge, and experience that allows one organization to outperform another
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Controlling is the managerial task that involves
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taking any corrective actions needed to maintain or improve performance
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Which of the following managerial tasks does a manager perform when he/she articulates a clear organizational vision for the organization's members to accomplish
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Leading
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The four building blocks of __ are superior efficiency; quality; speed, flexibility, and innovation; and responsiveness to customers
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competitive advantage
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In which of the following managerial tasks do manages select appropriate goals for the organization
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Planning
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___ is the creation of a new vision for a struggling company using a new approach to planning and organizing to make better use of a company's resources and allow it to survive and eventually prosper
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turnaround management
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Emma is a highly efficient manager. This implies that she:
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minimizes the amount of input resources without compromising quality
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Oceania Unlimited Inc. is a tourism agency that offers special holiday packages in the Pacific region. Every year, as an incentive, the most efficient and effective manager in the network gets an all-expenses-paid trip to one of Oceania's islands. Which of the following managers is most likely to meet these requirements
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Karen, who chooses the right goals to pursue, and makes clever use of resources to achieve them
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Jack Sprouts Inc. is a company based in Riverdale that markets canned vegetables. In recent years, Jack Sprouts' business has declined considerably owing to a weak focus on quality. Holding the managers responsible for the declining sales figures, the CEO of Jack Sprouts decided to lay off those who lacked effectiveness and were inefficient. Who among the following is most likely to be laid off by Jack Sprouts' CEO?
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Kerry, who spends lavishly on resources and is averse to taking responsibilities
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Bob was recently promoted to the position of manager of the engineering division in his company because of his knowledge and his ability to perform all the functions required in his field. In this instance, Bob was promoted because of his __ skill
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Technical
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In __, managers evaluate how well the organization is accomplishing its goals.
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Controlling
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James, the manager of Andy's Candy, a popular confectioner in Illinois, is in charge of outlining future organizational goals to employees at company meetings and emphasizing the ethical guidelines which the employees are expected to follow at work. According to Mintzberg, he is performing the role of a __.
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Figurehead
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Which of the following is true of middle managers?
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They make specific decisions about the production of goods and services
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The outcome of the control process is:
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the ability to measure performance accurately and regulate organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
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Which of the following tasks does a manager perform when he/she energizes employees and enables them to understand the part each of them plays in achieving organizational goals?
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Leading
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Which of the following is true of norms?
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Unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization
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The aspect of management theory that uses mathematical techniques such as modeling and simulation to help managers make better decisions is called:
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Quantitative management
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Which of the following is true of centralization in an organization
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Centralization is the concentration of authority at the top of the managerial hierarchy
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Which of the following principles of management by Henri Fayol specifies that an employee should report to only one superior
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Unity of command
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__ refers to a system of task and authority relationships that controls how employees use resources to achieve a company's goals
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Organizational Structure
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According to Taylor, the production process becomes more efficient with:
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The increase of specialization and division of labor
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Which of the following si true of rules
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Formal written instructions that specify actions to be taken under different circumstances to achieve specific goals
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Mary Parker Follett's primary criticism of Taylor's system of scientific management was that:
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Taylor never proposed taht managers should involve workers in analyzing their jobs to identify better ways to perform tasks or should even ask workers about their jobs. Scientific method did not allow workers to exercise initiative and contribute to the organization
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Which of the following best reflects Mary Parker Follett's views on management and leadership in an organization
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If workers have relevant knowledge, then workers, rather than managers, should be in control of the work process itself, and managers should behave as coaches and facilitators-not as monitors and supervisors
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The human relations movement advocates that:
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Supervisors should receive behavioral training to manage subordinates in ways that elicit their cooperation and increase their productivity.
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__ is the study of the factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations
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Organizational Behavior
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According to Henri Fayol, esprit de corps refers to:
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Shared feelings of comradeship, enthusiasm, or devotion to a common cause among members of a group
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The power to hold workers accountable for their actions and to make decisions about the use of organizational resources is known as:
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Authority
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Which of the following is true of an open system
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It's a system that takes in resources from its external environment and converts them into goods and services that are then sent back to that environment for purchase by customers
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In the context of management, rules refer to
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Formal written instructions that specify actions to be taken under different circumstances to achieve specific goals
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If a manager designs the organizational hierarchy based on the characteristics of the organizational environment, he is acting in accordance with __.
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Contingency theory
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If an organization has a profit-sharing plan in which employees are able to purchase the company's stock at a discount whenever the organization makes huge profits, then this organization follows Fayol's principle of
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Remuneration of personnel
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Fayol recommended the use of ___ to show the position and duties of each employee and to indicate which positions an employee might move to or be promoted to in the future
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Organizational Chart
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__ refers to the concentration of authority at the top of the organizational chart instead of being distributed throughout the managerial hierarchy
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Centralization
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Managers who accept the assumptions of Theory Y
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Positive assumptions about workers that lead to the conclusion that a manager's task is to create a work setting that encourages commitment to organizational goals and provides opportunities for workers to be imaginative and to exercise initiative and self-direction
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Mayfair Mobile's external environment is changing rapidly, and it responds by decentralizing decisions to lower-level managers so that the organization can react faster. Which of the following types of organizational structure allows this
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an organic structure
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In a bureaucracy, a manager's formal authority derives from
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The position he or she holds in the organization
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The aspect of management theory that uses mathematical techniques such as modeling and simulation to help managers make better decisions is called
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Quanitative Management
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The idea that workers should be aware of how their performance affects the performance of the organization as a whole is most consistent with Fayol's principle of
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Subordination of individual interests to the common interest
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__ is the idea that the organizational structures and control systems that are chosen by managers depend on characteristics of the external environment in which the organization operates
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Contingency Theory
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Managers that accept the assumptions of Theory Y'
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Create a work setting that encourages commitment
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The Marketing Manager at RST Global Inc. developed a five-year marketing plan that was in stark contrast with the objectives outlined in the organization's strategic plan. Which of the principles of Henri Fayol does this go against
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Unity of Direction
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Which of the following is true of scientific management
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It brought many workers more hardship than gain
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The line of authority in an organization is
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The chain of command extending from the top to the bottom of an organization
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EZtronics' approach to management is consistent with Theory Y because
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Managers at EZtronics have created a work setting that allows workers to exercise initiative
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Which of the following revelations from different research studies came to be known as the Hawthorne effect
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Workers' productivity being affected more by the attention received from researchers than by the work setting
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When the tasks and authority associated with various positions in the organization are clearly specified, it creates a scenario where
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Employees are held strictly accountable for their actions
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Which of the following statements indicates that Megabytes Inc. has implemented an organic structure
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At Megabytes, authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers
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__ is the performance gain caused by two or more departments coordinating their efforts
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Synergy
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An organization that has a single, comprehensive long-term plan that leads every department within the organization is following Fayol's principle of
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Unity of Direction
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Obedience to a manager's authority is most consistent with Fayol's principle of
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Discipline
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The management theory that focuses on the use of rigorous quantitative techniques to assist managers to make the best use of organizational resources is called
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Management Science Theory
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A company that wishes to increase the quality of its products should opt for __, a branch management science that provides tools to analyze the company's input, conversion, and output activities
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Total Quality Management
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___ refers to a system where small workshops run by skilled workers produce hand-manufactured products
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Crafts Production
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___gives managers the right to direct and control their subordinates' behavior to accomplish organizational goals
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Authority
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Which of the following statements is consistent with the principles of scientific management
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Increase job specialization in order to make the production process more efficient
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Managers in a(n) __ culture are likely to establish clear reporting relationships so employees know exactly whom to report to and how to react to any problems that arise.
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conservative
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A manager who is organized and self-disciplined is __.
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high on conscientiousness
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Which of the following is true of managers in conservative cultures
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They constantly monitor the progress of their employees
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Emily is seldom in a bad mood and is always optimistic about herself and others. It can be said that Emily is low on __
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negative affectivity
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Which of the following statements demonstrates that Amanda, the general manager of Waterworks Ltd., has high emotional intelligence
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She is able to interpret the moods of her employees with no difficulty
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According to McClelland, the extent to which people have strong desires to perform challenging tasks and to meet personal standards of excellence is known as ___
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the need for achievement
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Which of the following statements demonstrates that Amanda, the general manager of Waterworks Ltd., has high emotional intelligence
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She is able to interpret the moods of her employees with no difficulty
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According to McClelland, the extent to which people have strong desires to perform challenging tasks and to meet personal standards of excellence is known as __.
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the need for achievement
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Which of the following is true of managers who are low on extraversion
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They view the world and their life with little optimism
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Which of the following is true of emotions
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Emotions play important roles in ethical decision making
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Which of the following is true of norms
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They are unwritten codes of conduct considered important by most members of a group
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Which of the following statements demonstrates that Jonathon, the general manager of Dawson and Co., has low emotional intelligence?
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He cannot identify or interpret the moods of his employees
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___ reflects the distinctive ways in organization members perform their jobs and relate to others inside and outside the organization
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Organizational Culture
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Sandra, an employee of Silver Stone Inc., is extremely ambitious and insists on working on important projects by herself. According to McClelland, she ahs a high need for
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achievement
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Which of the following is true of people with high self-esteem
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They believe that they are capable of handling most situations
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An organization which considers and analyzes the ideas and suggestions of all employees regardless of their hierarchical position has a(n) __ culture
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innovative
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In what way do moods differ from emotions
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Unlike moods, emotions are relativley short-lived
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Which of the following is true of organizational commitment
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it helps managers perform their figurehead and spokesperson roles
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Which of the following is true of moods and emotions
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moods last longer than emotions
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The model developed to explain the role that founders' personal characteristics play in determining organizational culture is known as the __ framework
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attraction-selection-attrition
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___ are intense and relatively short-lived feelings
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emotions
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when people belong to the same organization, they tend to share certain beliefs and values that lead them to act in similar ways. This is known as
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organizational culture
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Organizational commitment can be defined as
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the collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their organization as a whole
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Glenn is an effective and efficient manager. He, however, tends to be pessimistic and avoids social interactions. This implies that Glenn is low in
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extraversion
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People who tend to be sociable, outgoing, and friendly are low in
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introversion
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People who are high on extraversion are especially likely to experience
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Enthusiasm
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George is an efficient and effective manager who has a hard time managing his own moods and understanding those of his employees. This shows that he is low on
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emotional intelligence
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__ is an example of an instrumental value
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self-discipline
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Why can hiring people through the ASA framework be disadvantegeous
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Like-minded employees have difficulty offering fresh perspective
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A(n) __ value is a personal conviction about lifelong goals or objectives
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terminal
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Mario is the product manager of Lampshades Ltd. Which of the following if true, supports the statement that he is sociable, affectionate, outgoing, and friendly
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Mario is high on extraversion
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__ helps managers maintain their enthusiasm and confidence and energize subordinates to help the organization attain its goals
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emotional intelligence
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Awards dinners, newspaper releases, and employee promotions that let organizations publicly recognize employees' contributions are examples of rites of __.
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enhancement
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Which of the following is true of people who are high on negative affectivity
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they experience negative moods frequently
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Which of the following is ture of managers who are high on extraversion
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They tend to feel good about themselves and other people
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The collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their current jobs is known as job
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satisfaction
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Which of the following rites internalizes the norms and values of an organization within an employee
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rites of passage
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organizational__ is the process by which newcomers internalize an organization's values and norms and behave in accordance with them
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socialization
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People who are high on negative affectivity are especially likely to experience
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distress
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in a(n) __ culture, managers are likely to lead by example, encouraging employees to take risks and experiment
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innovative
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Rites of __ motivate commitment to the norms and values of the organization by publicly recognizing and rewarding employee contributions
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enhancement
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The U.S. Army develops socialization programs to determine how individuals enter, advance within, and leave the organization. this is a rite of
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passage
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According to McClelland, the extent to which a person is concerned with being liked and having others get along well with one another is called
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the need for affiliation
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People with an internal locus of control
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believe that they are responsible for their own fate
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New employees in an organization are sometimes put through a training period where they are familiarized with the organization as whole. This process is also called
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organizational socialization
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The managers of Lehman Brothers, whose bankruptcy helpedc propel the 2008-2009 financial crisis, used loopholes in U.K. law to hide billions of dollars of worthless assets in its balance sheet to disguise its poor financial condition. Which of the following approaches to how to be socially responsible is illustrated from this example
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obstructionist
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Which of the following statements is true of ethical decision making
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The failure of a company can have catastrophic effects on a community since a general decline in business activity can affect a whole nation
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Which of the following stakeholder group's individual ethics are important in shaping the organizational code of ethics
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founders
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___ are thoughts and feelings that tell people what is right or wrong
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moral scruples
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__ encourage employees to behave in a socially responsible manner
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ethical organizational cultures
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__ are frequently in the position of having to juggle the interests of different stakeholders, including themselves
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managers
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Managers who sell their stock in advance of other stockholders because they know that their company's performance is about to fall demonstrate the ___ approach to social responsibility
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defensive
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The guiding practices and beliefs through which a particular firm and its managers view their responsibilities to stakeholders are called
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organizational ethics
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Which of the following approaches is characerized with the highest degree of social responsibility
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Proactive
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One managerial implication of the justice model is that managers should base their decisions on
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whatever promotes a fair distribution of outcomes
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The idea that the pursuit of self-interest with no consideration for societal interests leads to disaster is called the
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tragedy of the commons
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Which of the following statements is true about the role of organizational culture
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ethics ombudspeople can provide guidance when organization members are uncertain about whether an action is ethical
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When faced with an ethical dilemma as a manager, Sam tries to reflect back on his upbringing to decide between right and wrong, Sam is reflecting on __.
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individual ethics
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Which approach to social responsibility is being implemented by a company that actively embraces the need to behave in socially responsible ways
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proactive
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Bob gave a talk to his employees about standards that govern how members of their profession should conduct themselves. He was talking about
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occupational ethics
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A manager responsible for communicating and teaching ethical standards to all employees and monitoring their conformity to those standards is called
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ethics ombudsperson
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___ can provide guidance when organization members are uncertain about whether an action is ethical
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ethics ombudspeople
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The __ rule is that an ethical decision is one that distributes rewards and harms in a fair way
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justice
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When tobacco companies sought to hide evidence that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer, they were exhibiting a(n) __ approach to social responsibility
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obstructionist
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David is trying to provide a visible means of support to develop an ethical culture in his company. He can do so by creating
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an ethics ombudsperson position
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the approach to social responsibility most likely to be taken by a typical large U.S. company is the __ approach
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accomodative
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The president at Protector's Insurance takes pride in the fact that his organization strives to behave legally and etically. The company advocates an approach that tries to balance the interests of different stakeholders in relation to the claims of other stakeholders. What approach to social responsibility is the organization implementing
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accomodative
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Bryan is the manager of a company which has been judged as having the best corporate reputation for two years in a row, based on a survey of countrywide consumers. this company is well known for its
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ethical culture
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Which of the following is least likely to be a source of individual ethics
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supervisors
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Which of the following is a method by which a company can act ethically toward employees and meet their expectations
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By creating an occupational structure that fairly and equitably rewards organization members for their contributions
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The utilitarian rule states that an ethical decision is a decision that
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produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people
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___ have the right to expect a good return or reward by investing their human capital to improve a company's performance
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managers
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Robert and his HR team have adapted several existing company policies. He is unure if all these policies can be implemented on ethical grounds. His team can approach a(n) __ to resolve the matter.
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ethics ombudsperson
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Which of the following statements is true about ethics
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Laws change to reflect the changing ethical beliefs of a society
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Companies that go out of their way to learn about the needs of different stakeholders and use organizational resources to promote their interests are using the __ approach
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proactive
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One managerial implication of the justice model is that managers should base their decisions on
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whatever promotes a fair distribution of outcomes
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Managers at Enron prevented employees from selling Enron shares in their pension funds while they sold hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of their own Enron stock. This illustrates the __ approach to social responsibility.
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obstructionist
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Under the practical rule, a manager would not be reluctant to communicate a decision to people outside the company when
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a typical person would consider the decision acceptable
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Standards that govern how members of a society should deal with one another in matters involving issues such as fairness, justice, poverty, and individual rights are called
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societal ethics
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Phil has noticed that his operations manager has been practicing unethical means to reap personal benefits at the expense of the company's customers. He will most likely approach the __ to report the matter without fear of retribution.
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ethics ombudsperson
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If Samantha was employing the moral rights rule in her decision making, she would
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seek to protect the privileges of people affected
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The practical rule states that an ethical decision is one that
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can be communicated with no reluctance
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Under the ___ rule, an ethical decision is one that best maintains people's fundamental privileges
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moral rights
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WorldCom gave managers stock options and bonuses even when the company performance was declining, and managers sold their stock in advance of other stockholders. This illustrates the __ approach
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Defensive
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After a lengthy investigation, Larry lost his license to practice law on charges of accepting bribes. In all likelihood, Larry probably violated his __.
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occupational ethics
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A person's confidence and faith in another person's goodwill is called
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trust
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Which of the following is the right approach to eradicting sexual harassment
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organizations should develop and clearly communicate a sexual harassment policy
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As the manager of Taylor Construction, Scott created a policy that required all subcontractors to submit monthly reports to show the percentage of work that was completed by their diverse employees. This is an example of
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managing diversity
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Which of the following is a guideline for managers to evaluate employees
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ensure that performance standards are not vague
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In addition to prohibiting discrimination in employment, the Civil Rights Act of 1991
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allows for the awarding of punitive and compensatory damages
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Which of the following is true of schemas
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People tend to pay attention to information that is consistent with their schemas
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The process by which experienced members of the organization provide guidance and advice to newer members is called
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mentoring
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Two male managers exchange a lewd sexual joke in the presence of a female manager. This is an example of
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a hostile work environment
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The supervisor of medical billing at a hospital has established a rubric that helps her make objective decisions when promoting employees in her department. Which principle are the supervisor's actions based on
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Procedural justice
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Overt discrimination
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intentional and deliberate
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Whenever Lisa goes to the warehouse to pick up time sheets, she is confronted with whistles and lewd comments from male co workers, both of which make her uncomfortable. What type of environment is this
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hostile work environment
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A manager in the leader role manages diversity in an organization by
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serving as a role model and instituting policies and procedures to ensure that diverse members are treated fairly
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If white male managers perceive other white male managers more positively than managers from minority groups, this is called
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the similar-to-me effect
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When Michael signs on Stanley for the company basketball team, he assumes that Stanley is a good player because he is African-American. Which of the following is Michael exhibiting in signing Stanley?
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a stereotype
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The marketing manager at RST Consulting, allocates annual bonuses to employees based on performance evaluations. What principle is the manager following?
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distributive justice
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In the _____ role, a manager conveys that the effective management of diversity is a valued goal and objective.
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figurehead
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The success of fast-food restaurants in diverse markets can be attributed to relatively accurate _____ of managers.
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perceptions
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The term _____ alludes to the invisible barriers that prevent minorities and women from being promoted to top corporate positions.
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glass ceiling
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ALT Inc. conducts periodic reviews to assess the extent to which law firms support diversity in their activities. It uses this information to decide which law firms would be most suitable to represent it legally. This is an example of effective:
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diversity management
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JRC Inc., a consumer-electronics firm based in Atlanta, is opening another manufacturing unit. The top management involves female representatives in the design team to take care of any concerns that female employees may have. This is an example of:
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managing diversity
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all decisions and actions of managers are based on their
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subjective perceptions
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Basing employees' promotions on their performance evaluations, independent of ethnicity, age, or gender, is known as:
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distributive justice
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Which principle dictates that managers should receive a raise in pay based upon their contributions to the organization, and not based on their gender?
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distributive justice
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Which of the following is a step to manage diversity effectively?
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empower employees to challenge discriminatory behaviors
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Justin, a human resources manager for XYZ Company, commits 5% of the annual budget toward instituting a new program that rewards employees for effectively handling diversity. Justin is playing the role of a(n) _____.
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entrepreneur
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Which act requires that men and women be paid equally if they are performing equal work?
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Equal Pay Act
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Which of the following helps managers increase diversity awareness in an organization?
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Improving understanding of others who are different from oneself
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As the branch manager of Missouri Bank, Jim is responsible for informing staff members about changes in diversity policies. Jim plays the role of a _____ in handling diversity
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disseminator
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Which of the following helps managers respond to the differing needs of diverse employees while enabling those employees to be effective contributors to an organization?
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not feeling threatened by different approaches and perspectives
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In the _____ role, a manager enables diverse individuals to coordinate their efforts.
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Liaison
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One result of effectively managing diversity is
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reduction in turnover rates
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When a manager asks a subordinate for sexual favors in return for a promotion, what type of sexual harassment has occurred?
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quid pro quo
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The sales manager at STU Inc., Riley, has to promote either Mark or Kate to the position of assistant sales manager. Mark and Kate are equally good resources. Riley promotes Kate because he believes that all women are soft-spoken and polite. Riley is influenced by:
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stereotypes
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What is overt discrimination
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Knowingly and willingly denying diverse indviduals access to opportunities and outcomes in an organization
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Which of the following is true of the salience effect?
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Individuals who are salient are often perceived to be primarily responsible for outcomes.
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What is schema
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It is the process through which people select, organize, and interpret sensory input. Preconceptions about someone
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Tucker is hiring a manager for his clothing store. When he reviews the credentials of applicants, he pays special attention to individuals who share his hobbies and interests. Jose's passion for music and interest in the stock market gets him the job. Tucker is influenced by:
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the similar to me effect
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Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination:
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in employment decisions on the basis of race, religion, sex, color, or national origin.
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What is the salience effect?
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It is the tendency to focus attention on individuals who are conspicuously different from us.
question
What is diversity
answer
Differences among people due to age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background, and any other characteristic that is used to distinguish between people.