question

The term political economy is used to stress the fact that the political, economic, and legal systems of a country are independent of each other. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

Political systems that emphasize collectivism tend to be democratic, while political systems that place a high value on individualism tend to be totalitarian. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

Plato did not equate collectivism with equality. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

Karl Marx advocated state ownership of the basic means of production, distribution, and exchange (i.e., businesses). T/F

answer

TRUE

question

The social democrats believed that socialism could be achieved only through violent revolution and totalitarian dictatorship. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

By the mid-1990s, communism was rising worldwide. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

One of the tenets of collectivism is that the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their own economic self-interest. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

In practical terms, individualism translates into an advocacy for democratic political systems and market economics. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

The Cold War was in many respects a war between collectivism, championed by the former Soviet Union, and individualism, championed by the United States. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

In practical terms, collectivism creates a more favorable environment for international businesses to operate in than individualism. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

In a representative democracy, elected representatives who fail to perform their job adequately cannot be voted out of office at the next election. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

In a totalitarian country, all the constitutional guarantees on which representative democracies are built—an individual's right to freedom of expression and organization, a free media, and regular elections—are denied to the citizens. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

In most democratic states, those who question the right of the rulers to rule find themselves imprisoned, or worse. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

The governments of China, Vietnam, and Laos are communist in name only because those nations have adopted wide-ranging market-based economic reforms. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

All right-wing dictatorships display an affinity toward socialist or communist ideas. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

In countries where individual goals are given primacy over collective goals, we are less likely to find market-based economic systems. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

In a pure command economy, the goods and services that a country produces, the quantity in which they are produced, and the prices at which they are sold are all dictated by the interaction of demand and supply. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

Command economies provide a more favorable environment for innovation and entrepreneurs than market economies. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

Historically, pure market economies were found in communist countries where collectivist goals were given priority over individual goals. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

A common law system tends to be less adversarial than a civil law system. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

When law courts interpret civil law, they do so with regard to tradition, precedent, and custom. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

Contracts drafted under a common law framework tend to be very detailed with all contingencies spelled out. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

Judges under a civil law system have less flexibility than those under a common law system. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

Islamic law is primarily a moral rather than a commercial law and is intended to govern all aspects of life. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

Compared to common law system, it is more expensive to draw up contracts in a civil law jurisdiction.

answer

FALSE

question

By adopting the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CIGS), a nation signals to other adopters that it will treat the convention's rules as part of its law. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

When firms do not wish to accept the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, they often opt for arbitration by a recognized arbitration court to settle contract disputes. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

Private action to violate property rights occurs when public officials, such as politicians and government bureaucrats, extort income, resources, or the property itself from property holders. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

Bribes are legal payments meant to facilitate performance of duties that the recipients are already obligated to perform. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

Intellectual property laws stimulate innovation and creative work. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

The term "public action" refers to the exclusive legal rights of authors, composers, playwrights, artists, and publishers to publish and disperse their work as they see fit. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

International businesses lobby their respective governments to push for international agreements to ensure that intellectual property rights are protected and that the law is enforced. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

When intellectual property laws are lax, firms are at a greater risk of having their ideas stolen by local entrepreneurs. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

Liability laws are typically least extensive in highly developed nations. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

When product safety laws are tougher in a firm's home country than in a foreign country, the ethical thing to do is to adhere to home-country standards. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

The benefits, costs, and risks associated with doing business in a country are independent of that country's political, economic, and legal systems. T/F

answer

FALSE

question

Other things being equal, a nation with democratic political institutions, is clearly more attractive as a place in which to do business than a nation that lacks democratic institutions. T/F

answer

TRUE

question

Which of the following systems is a part of the political economy?

answer

Legal system

question

Which of the following terms best represents the system of government in a nation?

answer

Political system

question

Which of the following statements is true about political systems?

answer

it is possible to have totalitarian societies that are not collectivist.

question

When _____ is emphasized, the needs of society as a whole are generally viewed as being more important than individual freedoms.

answer

collectivism

question

In the country of Normian Republic, an individual's right to own land is restricted to a large extent on the basis that it runs counter to "the common good." In this context, which of the following is most likely to be the political system adopted by Normian Republic?

answer

Collectivism

question

A(n) _____ is a person who believes in public ownership of the means of production for the common good of nation.

answer

socialist

question

Modern socialism traces its intellectual roots to:

answer

Karl Marx.

question

Which of the following has been advocated by Karl Marx?

answer

Socialism

question

In the early twentieth century, the socialist ideology split into two broad camps and the people who believed that socialism could be achieved only through violent revolution and totalitarian dictatorship were referred to as:

answer

communists

question

_____ attempt to achieve the same ideologies as that of the communists without violent revolution and totalitarian dictatorship.

answer

Social democrats

question

Which of the following is inconsistent with the Marxist philosophy?

answer

Selling state-owned enterprises to private investors

question

Which of the following is true about communism?

answer

China has moved sharply away from strict adherence to communist ideology in the economic sphere.

question

The sale of state-owned enterprises to independent, nonpublic investors is referred to as:

answer

privatization.

question

Which of the following can be traced to the ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle?

answer

Individualism

question

The Cedian government believes that its citizens should have complete freedom in their economic and political pursuits, and the Cedian ideology is "private profit over public good." In this context, it can be said that Cedia most likely follows the philosophy of:

answer

individualism

question

_____ argued that private property is more highly productive than communal property and will thus stimulate progress.

answer

Aristotle

question

In the context of individualism, which of the following is inconsistent with the works of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle?

answer

Government dictating what is in best interest of society

question

Which of the following is most likely to be advocated by individualism?

answer

Communal property is more highly productive than private property.

question

In practical terms, _____ translates into an advocacy for democratic political systems and free market economics, which in general creates the most favorable environment for international businesses to operate in.

answer

individualism

question

Which of the following terms refers to a political system in which government is by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives?

answer

Democracy

question

Democracy, in its purest form, is based on the belief that:

answer

citizens should be directly involved in decision making.

question

In a _____, individuals periodically elected by citizens form a government to make decisions on behalf of the electorate.

answer

representative democracy

question

_____ is a form of government in which one person or political party exercises absolute control over all spheres of human life and prohibits opposing political parties.

answer

Totalitarianism

question

A(n) _____ is built upon the ideals of an individual's right to freedom of expression and organization, a free media, and regular elections.

answer

representative democracy

question

Which of the following is a feature of representative democracy?

answer

A nonpolitical police force and armed service

question

In most totalitarian states:

answer

media are heavily censored.

question

_____ is a form of totalitarianism which advocates that socialism can be achieved only through a totalitarian dictatorship.

answer

Communist totalitarianism

question

States that limit the freedom of religious expression with laws based on religious principles, most likely follow the political system of:

answer

theocratic totalitarianism.

question

A totalitarian political system in which a party, group, or individual that represents the interests of a particular ethnic group monopolizes political power is referred to as:

answer

tribal totalitarianism.

question

_____ generally permits individual economic freedom, but restricts individual political freedom on the grounds that it would lead to the rise of communism.

answer

Right-wing totalitarianism

question

The fascist regimes that ruled Germany and Italy in the 1930s and 1940s had adopted:

answer

right-wing totalitarianism.

question

A common feature of many right-wing dictatorships is:

answer

governments that are made up of military officers.

question

In which countries are we likely to find free market economies?

answer

Countries where individual goals are given primacy over collective goals

question

A _____ economy is an economic system in which the interaction of supply and demand determines the quantity in which goods and services are produced.

answer

market

question

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding private ownership?

answer

It gives entrepreneurs an incentive to search for better ways of serving consumer needs.

question

In a pure _____ economy, the government plans the goods and services that a country produces, the quantity in which they are produced, and the prices at which they are sold.

answer

command

question

In a _____ economy, all businesses are state owned, the rationale being that the government can then direct them to make investments that are in the best interests of the nation as a whole rather than in the interests of private individuals.

answer

pure command

question

In comparison to market economies, command economies lack:

answer

dynamism and innovation.

question

In comparison to pure command economies, free market economies lack:

answer

government control over production and pricing.

question

In a _____ economy, certain sectors of the economy are left to private ownership and free market mechanisms, while in other sectors there is significant state ownership and government planning.

answer

mixed

question

In mixed economies, governments sometimes tend to take into state ownership troubled firms whose continued operation is thought to be vital to national interests. Once a government takes into state ownership such troubled firms, they are said to be _____.

answer

nationalized

question

Which of the following is true about the three broad types of economic systems?

answer

In a command economy, state-owned enterprises have little incentive to control costs and be efficient.

question

The Boldovian government took Sea Lion Inc., a domestic, private shipbuilding firm, into state ownership to save the company from bankruptcy. However, the other private competitors in the shipbuilding industry were raged at this decision of the government. As a result, the government had to reduce the tax burden on all other private shipbuilding firms so that both the state-owned enterprise and private firms could co-exist. According to this information, Boldovia has most likely adopted a _____ economy.

answer

mixed

question

Collectivist-inclined totalitarian states tend to enact laws that severely restrict private enterprises, whereas the laws enacted by governments in democratic states, where individualism is the dominant political philosophy, tend to be pro-private enterprise and pro-consumer. This indicates that the:

answer

the legal framework of a country reflects the rulers' dominant political ideology.

question

Which of the following is true about legal systems?

answer

The government of a country defines the legal framework within which firms do business.

question

Which of the following legal systems is most likely to be based on tradition, precedent, and custom?

answer

Common law

question

In the context of common law, which of the following terms refers to the ways in which laws are applied in specific situations?

answer

Custom

question

In the context of common law, the term "tradition" most likely refers to the:

answer

legal history of a country.

question

The common law system enjoys a degree of flexibility not found in other systems because :

answer

it is interpreted by the law courts with regard to tradition, precedent, and custom.

question

A _____ law system is based on a detailed set of laws organized into codes.

answer

civil

question

A legal system which is based primarily on religious teachings is referred to as the:

answer

theocratic law system.

question

_____ is the most widely practiced theocratic legal system in the modern world.

answer

Islamic law

question

Which of the following law systems is most likely to be used by a law court if it solves a complicated case related to property rights, by basing his judgment on similar, old cases that have come before the courts?

answer

Precedent law system

question

Which of the following is true about the three main types of legal systems?

answer

Although Islamic law is primarily concerned with moral behavior, it has been extended to cover certain commercial activities.

question

Jewish law is an example of a _____ law system.

answer

theocratic

question

_____ are documents that specify the conditions under which an exchange is to occur and details the rights and obligations of the parties involved.

answer

Contracts

question

Which of the following statements is true about the difference between contracts in common law and civil law systems?

answer

Contracts drafted under a common law system tend to be longer than those drafted under a civil law system.

question

In comparison to contracts in a civil law system, contracts drafted under a common law framework tend to be:

answer

more specific.

question

The _____ establishes a uniform set of rules governing certain aspects of the making and performance of everyday commercial contracts between sellers and buyers who have their places of business in different nations.

answer

Contracts for the International Sale of Goods

question

When firms do not wish to accept the rules of the CIGS, they often opt for _____ to settle contract disputes.

answer

arbitration

question

The bundle of legal rights over the use to which a resource is put and over the use made of any income that may be derived from that resource are called _____ rights.

answer

property

question

Which of the following is true about property rights?

answer

In many countries, laws protecting property rights are not enforced by the authorities and the rights are violated.

question

In the context of property rights, _____ refers to theft, piracy, blackmail, and the like by private individuals or groups.

answer

private action

question

After the collapse of communism in Dehran, successful business owners often had to pay "protection money" to the mafia or face violent retribution. In the context of property rights, the behavior of the mafia is an example of:

answer

private action.

question

In the context of property rights, which of the following best exemplifies private action?

answer

Business owners stealing their competitors trade secrets and intellectual properties

question

When state officials, such as politicians and government bureaucrats, violate property rights by extorting income, resources, or the property itself from property holders, it is described as:

answer

public action.

question

Which of the following best exemplifies public action?

answer

Government bureaucrats demand bribes from international businesses in return for the rights to operate in Cedia Republic.

question

The Republic Of Marwa has decided to open its economy to globalization. Which of the following will facilitate this decision of Marwa?

answer

Adopting the Contracts For the International Sale of Goods (CIGS)

question

Which of the following terms best defines the relationship between the level of corruption and economic growth rate in a country?

answer

Inversely proportional

question

In the 1970s, the United States passed the _____ following revelations that U.S. companies had bribed government officials in foreign countries in an attempt to win lucrative contracts

answer

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

question

In the United States, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was passed during the 1970s following revelations that:

answer

U.S. companies had bribed government officials in foreign countries in an attempt to win lucrative contracts.

question

Which of the following does the U.S. law and OECD convention allow as an exception?

answer

Grease payments or speed money

question

Small legally acceptable payment made to speed up the issuance of permits or licenses, or process paperwork is typically referred to as a(n):

answer

facilitating payment.

question

As per the U.S. law and OECD convention, which of the following will most likely to be considered as a grease payment?

answer

Gold Fire Inc. made a small payment of $20 to speed up some paper work related to tax returns in a less developed country.

question

Grease payments are technically _____.

answer

bribes

question

Which of the following best exemplifies facilitating or expediting payments in business?

answer

Making small payments to government officials in order to speed up the work they are already obligated to perform

question

Which of the following is true about grease payments?

answer

Grease payments are technically bribes, however they are distinguishable from bribes.

question

Products of the mind, such as computer software, a screenplay, a music score, or the chemical formula for a new drug, constitute:

answer

an intellectual property.

question

Initech Incorporated, a multinational giant, runs a number of diversified businesses. Which of the following can be considered as an intellectual property of the firm?

answer

Innovations and capabilities, and skills of the employees

question

A _____ grants the inventor of a new product or process exclusive rights for a defined period to the manufacture, use, or sale of that invention.

answer

patent

question

Silver Tape Corporation has developed a new type of adhesive tape. Which of the following types of legal protections can grant the company exclusive rights for a defined period to the manufacture, use, or sale of the new adhesive tape?

answer

Patent

question

A composer can protect an original musical score from being copied and sold by someone else by acquiring a(n) _____ for the score.

answer

copyright

question

Which of the following is most likely to be protected by a copyright?

answer

Movies produced and directed by a person

question

As a result of _____ protection, the Nike "Swoosh" logo is protected from being used by any other shoe manufacturer.

answer

trademark

question

Patents, copyrights, and trademarks establish ownership rights over _____ property.

answer

intellectual

question

Which of the following is a typical function of a trademark?

answer

It allows merchants or manufacturers to designate and differentiate their products.

question

The philosophy behind intellectual property laws is to:

answer

reward the originator of a new invention, book, musical record, and the like for his or her idea and effort.

question

In the context of "knowledge" economy of the twenty-first century, which of the following statements is true about intellectual property?

answer

Intellectual property has become an increasingly important source of economic value for businesses.

question

The regulations imposed under the _____ agreement, oblige WTO members to grant and enforce patents lasting at least 20 years and copyrights lasting 50 years.

answer

TRIPS

question

Strong enforcement of intellectual property laws:

answer

reduces the piracy (theft) of intellectual property.

question

Product safety and product liability laws are enforced to protect:

answer

consumers

question

_____ laws hold a firm and its officers responsible when a product causes injury, death, or damage.

answer

Product liability

question

A boom in product liability suits and awards in the United States resulted in a dramatic increase in the cost of liability insurance. Many business executives argue that this:

answer

makes American businesses less competitive in the global marketplace.

question

Which of the following statements is true about product safety and liability laws?

answer

Product liability can be much greater if a product does not conform to required safety standards.

question

Who among the following can claim product liability from the offender?

answer

The airbags in Brian's car, manufactured by Zigwheels Inc, failed to inflate when his car met with an accident. This injured Brian and damaged the car.

question

Veronica had been getting red patches on her face after using a protein-based lotion manufactured by Nature Life Research Lab. On consulting a dermatologist, she learnt that the lotion's steroid levels were beyond the standard levels permitted by the government and the damage caused by the lotion was irreversible. Which of the following will address Veronica's grievances?

answer

Product liability laws

question

Which of the following nations is most likely to be unappealing as a place for doing business?

answer

A nation that has a totalitarian political system

question

If a country wants to improve its attractiveness as a place for doing business and as an investment site, it should:

answer

move toward a market-based system.

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