Business and professional communication: Chapter 5 – Flashcards
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personality trait
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any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual differs from another
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communication trait
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a label used to describe a person's communication behaviors
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willingness to communicate (WTC)
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an individual's natural tendency to initiate communication with others
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communication apprehension (CA)
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fear or anxiety associated with ongoing or anticipated communication with another person or persons
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argumentativeness
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a tendency to advocate strongly for ones own position on an issue and criticize the positions of other people
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feed-forward messages
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messages that inform others of how to process information from you
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culture
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a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values and norms that is shared by a group of people
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cultural context
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the nonverbal cues related to culture that surround and give meaning to messages
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high-context cultures
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cultures in which nonverbal cues are extremely important in interpreting messages
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low-context cultures
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cultures in which people rely more on explicit language and words and use fewer contextual cues to send and interpret information
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individualistic cultures
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cultures whose members value individual interests over group interests
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collectivistic cultures
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cultures whose members value group or community interests over individual interests
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decentralized power cultures
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cultures in which people value a broad distribution of power; the power belongs to the people, or the many, not to one person or group
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centralized power cultures
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cultures that value a more concentrated or narrow distribution of power; power is held by one person or a select few
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uncertainty avoidance
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a measure of how accepting a culture is of a lack of predictability
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masculine cultures
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cultures in which people have a task orientation and tend to value achievement, heroism, material wealth and more traditional roles for men and women
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Feminine cultures
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cultures in which people have more of a social orientation and tend to value caring, sensitivity and enhancing quality of life
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Sex
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biological characteristics present from birth that identify an individual as male or femal
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gender
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the cultural and psychological characteristics that are associated with biological sex
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content dimension
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the communication dimension that focuses on what is said; the verbal messages
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relational dimension
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the communication dimension that focuses on how a message is said; the nonverbal message
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powerful language
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language that stereotypically masculine: direct, assertive, task-oriented, and focused on the content of a message
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powerless language
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language that is stereotypically feminine: indirect and focused more on the quality of a relationship that on the information being exchanged
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conversational rituals
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learned, routine scripts that people use when talking and responding to others
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rapport talk
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talk focused on sharing information about relationships
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report talk
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talk focused on sharing practical or statistical information
