Ch 14 quiz – Flashcards with Answers

The primitive Earth atmosphere is hypothesized to have consisted mostly of _____.

Since the 1950s, experiments have been conducted that lead scientists to conclude that life may have originated ________.

Scientists agree that two developments must have occurred for life to come into being: the formation of simple organic molecules important to life and _____.

Before biogenesis became an accepted cornerstone of biology, it was widely accepted that _____________.

Humans are thought to have evolved during the _____ Era.

The Geologic Time Scale begins at the formation of Earth approximately _____ years ago.

Which of the following statements are true about fossils?

Which of the following fossils are not found in sedimentary rock?

While looking for fossils on an eroded hillside, you discover fossil coral and fish in one layer. In a layer just above, you find the fossil imprint of a fern frond and some fossil moss. Assuming the rock has not been disturbed, which of the following is the most probable conclusion?

Entire organisms, with even their most delicate parts intact, have been found preserved in __________.

According to one theory, the first prokaryotes probably obtained their food __________.

Which group of organisms is believed to have been the earliest to evolve?

A theory concerning the origin of life states that Earth’s ancient atmosphere contained _______.

Which fact is the basis for using the fossil record as evidence that evolution has taken place?

A clear fish imprint in a rock indicates that the rock is probably ___________.

Urey and Miller subjected water, ammonia, methane, and hydrogen to heating and electricity in an attempt to _________.

Which event contributed most directly to the evidence of aerobic organisms?

Species A & B share similarities in DNA Sequences. What would this suggest about their evolutionary relationship?

Structures called __________, capable of growth and metabolism, have been produced in the laboratory. Structures like these may have eventually evolved into heterotrophic prokaryotes.

Organisms known as ____________ are chemosynthetic autotrophs that survive in harsh conditions where there is little sunlight or oxygen.

The ancient belief that nonliving materials could be transformed into living organisms was referred to as ________________.

The idea that life arises only from life is referred to as ___________.

The different species of Hawaiian Honeycreepers shown all descended from a single species of North American bird. They now have different beaks, eat different foods, sing different songs, and live in different environments on the islands. Which factor probably contributed most to the development of these different species?

During the industrial revolution, there were two variations of English Peppered Moths, those with light color and those with dark color. The soot from the factories covered the trees. Data was collected to measure the percentage of each type of moth in the area. It was noted that the percentage of dark-colored moths increased over time, while the percentage of light colored moths decreased. What is the likely explanation for this change?

A researcher sprays a new pesticide on thousands of insects of the same species that live in a large field. A few of the insects survive. What can be concluded by the researcher?

Hawaiian honeycreepers are a small group of birds with similar body shape and size. However, they vary greatly in color and beak shape. Each species occupies its own niche and is adapted to the foods available in its niche. The evolution from a common ancestor to a variety of species is an example of ___________.

The flying squirrel of North America closely resembles the flying phalanger of Australia. They are similar in size and have long bushy tails and skin folds that allow them to glide through the air. The squirrel is a placental mammal, while the phalanger is a marsupial. These close resemblances, even though genetically and geographically separated by great distances, can best be explained by _________.

Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all of the descendents of the target pests were immune to the usual-sized dose. The most likely explanation for this immunity to the insecticide is that ______.

Mutations such as polyploidy and crossing over provide the genetic basis for ___________.

Structures that have a similar evolutionary origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm, are called ________.

Natural selection can best be defined as the _________.

A pattern of evolution that results when two unrelated species began to appear similar because of environmental conditions is ______.

The average individuals of a population are favored in _____ selection.

In _____ selection, individuals with both extreme forms of a trait are at a selective advantage.

______ selection favors one extreme form of a trait in a population.

What is the movement of genes into and out of a gene pool called?

Which of the following lines of evidence for evolution is indirect?

Which answer BEST shows an animal’s adaption to the tropical rain forest?

The variations needed for the origin of structural and physiological adaptions to occur are provided by __________.

A mechanism of Darwin’s proposed theory is _______.

The founder of modern evolution theory is considered to be_______.

Mutations occur because of _______.

Upon close examination of the skeleton of an adult python, a pelvic girdle and leg bones can be observed. These features are an example of ________.

Which combination of characteristics in a population would provide the greatest potential for evolutionary change?

The theory of continental drift hypothesizes that Africa and South America slowly drifted apart after once being a single landmass. The monkeys on the two continents, although similar, show numerous genetic differences. Which factor is probably the most important in maintaining these differences

Which of the following is not a factor that causes changes in the frequency of homozygous and heterozygous individuals in population?

When checking the shell color for a species of snail found only in a remote area seldom visited by humans, scientists discovered the distribution of individuals that is shown in the graph in Figure 15-1. Based on the information shown in the graph, the snail population is undergoing_____.

The evolution of an ancestral species into an array of species that occupy different niches is called ___________.

Any structure that is reduced in function in a living organism but may have been used in an ancestor is known as a(n) _________.

The concept that evolution occurs over long periods of stability that are interrupted by geologically brief periods of change is known as ___________.

_________________ is a mechanism for change in a population in which organism with favorable variations live, reproduce, and pass on their favorable traits.

The alteration of allelic frequencies by chance processes is known as _______________.

The _______________ is the percentage of a particular allele in a population.

The total number of genes present in a population is the _____________.

A variety of structural adaptions called __________ provides protection for an organism by copying the appearance of another species

A structural adaption enabling an organism to blend in with its environment is _____________-.

_______________________ is a technique in which the breeder selects particular traits.

The skeleton of the hominid nicknamed \”Lucy\” gave anthropologists evidence that _________.

The anthropologists who discovered the skull of Homo habilis were ____________.

Primates evolved approximately _________.

Evidence for the determination of bipedal locomotion in a n animal could be found by an example of the ______.

Some primate skeletons were located in a cave in association with these things: a variety of stone tools, the charred bones of some animals they had cooked and eaten, and numerous paintings on the walls. Carbon-14 dating techniques determined that the bones and other artifacts were about 35,000 years old. The skeletal remains probably belonged to ___________.

Based on the fossil record, it ahs been determined that the earliest primates probably lived in the __________.

Most early hominid fossils have been found in _______.

The earliest primate identifiable from the fossil record is _________.

The first hominids to make and use simple stone tools were ___________.

Which factor may have played a large role in human evolution?

Which is the oldest hominid species to be unearthed?

Tailless primates that are most like humans are the _________.

The jaw from the skull of the genus Homo and one from the genus Australopithecus are different, in that the jaw from the genus homo would ________.

The skulls and pelvic bones of australopithecines have structures that appear __________ than those of chimpanzees and modern humans.

The major anatomical difference between hominids and the apes is that the foramen magnum is ________ in hominids.

Japanese macaques are exceptional among the primates because they__________.

As primates evolved, the developed ________.

Which of the following groups are representative of the first primates?

Primates are adapted to live in trees because their eyes ________.

Evidence that Homo erectus was more intelligent than its predecessors would include _________.

Lemurs and tarsiers are members of the primate group called _________.

New World monkeys are said to have an extra hand, the _________,

A distinctive characteristic of humans is ______ locomotion, the ability to walk on tow legs in an upright position.

African skulls that show both humanlike and apelike characteristics are thought to be derived from early African primates and are collectively referred to as ________________.

A group of people called the _________ lived from 40 000 to 35 000 years ago, when they disappeared from the fossil record.

Anthropologists propose that modern primates have evolved from two groups, the prosimians and the _______.

The ability to touch the thumb to the forefinger, permitting objects to be tightly grasped, is called ____________.

Modern humans and humanlike fossils are classified as ______.

Homo sapiens may have first evolved by 400 000 years ago, and evidence from burial sites around 100 000 years ago indicates the use of communication by one group of people called the ______________.

When organisms are classified within the same group, it can be assumed that they have a common phylogeny.

A dichotomous key is a step-by-step way to identify an organism using a series f paired descriptions.

In Aristotle’s system of classification, animals were classified on the basis of their size and structure.

Organisms that are similar in structure and form and successfully reproduce among themselves belong to the same family.

In the name of the white oak, Quercus alba, Quercus is the species name.

In a fan diagram, the closer a species is to the outer band, the earlier it appeared in geologic time.

The greater the number of taxa two organisms have in common, the more closely related they are.

A phylum is related to a class as a family is related to an order.

Linnaeus used similarities in structure to determine relationships among organisms.

Escherichia coli, a type of bacteria that lives in the small intestine, is classified in the Kingdom Protista.

The science of grouping and naming organism is ________.

A group of closely related plants is a ________.

The evolutionary history of a species is its __________.

A system for naming species in which two words are used to name an organism is ________.

The method used to construct a hypothetical evolutionary tree is _________.

A heterotrophic eukaryote associated with the decomposition of dead organisms is a(n) ________.

What is the difference between the full classification of organisms and their scientific names?

The placing of information or objects into groups based on certain similarities is __________.

Characteristics inherited through on ancestral line and no other are ________.

Early people wanted to have a better understanding of nature. Early scientists used __________ to help with this understanding

The language used for scientific names is _______ because it does not change.

Aristotle classified plants into three groups based on _______ and _______.

Aristotle classified animals according to their ____________.

Early people classified plants based on whether or not they were ____________.

Group of related genera

Group of related phyla

Group of related orders

Eukaryote lacking complex organ systems

Microscopic, single-celled prokaryotes

Group of related classes

Group of related species

Group of related families

A paleontologist is comparing the fossilized remains of 2 primates. Both animals had a prehensile tail. What can be concluded from this evidence?

Variation within species was important to the development of Darwin’s theory of evolution. Which statement does individual variation help explain?

Variety within a species is most likely to result from which situation?

Which would be considered biochemical evidence of an evolutionary relationship?

Which is the best evidence of an evolutionary relation between tow organisms?

Which cells in the chart below is a prokaryotic cell?

An organism is eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, and has a cell wall. To which kingdom does it belong?