SATP US History Test review shared from another teacher – Flashcards
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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supported Jim Crow laws; separate is equal
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Wabash vs. Illinois
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only federal government could regulate trade from interstate railroad commerce; states have no power
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Muller vs. Oregon
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the Supreme Court upheld state's right to limit female employee working hours; remember Triangle Shirtwaist fire!!!
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Schneck vs. US
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National securities over liberties; freedom of speech during WWI
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Korematsu vs. US
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WWII; Japanese Internment, rights can be denied in a time of war.
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Brown vs. Board
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Separate is not equal; integration
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Gideon vs. Wainwright
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Right to Attorney
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Miranda vs. Arizona
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Reading the rights when being arrested
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Roe vs. Wade
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abortion privacy
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1st Amendment
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Free Speech, Assembly, Religion Petition, Press
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14th Amendment
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Granted citizenship to former slaves
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15th Amendment
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Black men can vote
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16th Amendment
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Income tax
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17th Amendment
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Direct election of Senators; expanded democracy because more people had a say-so in who became senator
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18th Amendment
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Prohibition of alcohol
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19th Amendment
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Women's suffrage
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21st Amendment
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Repeal of Prohibition
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24th Amendment
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No Poll Taxes
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26th Amendment
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Lower voting age to 18
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Laissez Faire
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Economic activities should be free of governmental interference, regulations, and restraint
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ICC
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1st federal agency monitoring business operations, created to regulate railroad produces (Interstate Commerce)
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Sherman Anti- Trust
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Law banning trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce, outlawed practices considered harmful to consumers
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Populism
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Farmer's political movement
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McKinley tariff
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Higher tariff favoring big business
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Factors of Industry
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Rich People, poor People, Smart People, Systems of transportation and communication, stable government, and markets
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Gospel of Wealth
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Carnegie's belief that rich should give back to their communities/ society
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Ida Tarbell
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"Muckraker" who criticized Rockefeller
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USS Maine
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Ship that exploded off coast of Cuba leading to Spanish- American War
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Roosevelt Corollary
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TR's foreign policy of intervention in Latin America; America comes to be regarded as the "world's policeman" as a result
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Panama Canal
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completed in 1914 to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans for trade and military purpose
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Hawaii
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"pear ripe for the picking"; needed for military base and refueling station
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Treaty of Versailles
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Big Four wrote; US rejected would leadership role
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Example of 1920s Nativism
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National Origins and Emergency Quota Acts; KKK; Red Scare
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Causes of the Great Depression
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Agricultural problems, consumer debt, gap between rich and poor, high tariffs, speculation and margin buying
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FDIC
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New Deal banking regulation
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New Frontier
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JFK's goals and policies, equal opportunity.
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Eminent domain
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Power of a government to take private property for public use.
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WPA
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New Deal government funding of cultural activities Works Progress Administration
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Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
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Minimum wage and maximum hours
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OPA
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Office of Price Administration (operated the rationing system during WWII)
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ORSD
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Office of Research and Scientific Development (agency that oversaw the development of the first atomic bomb)
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Executive Order 9906
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Forced Japanese Americans into internment camps during WWII (FDR)
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Populist Party
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Political party made up of farmers
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Dawes Act
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Goal was to assimilate Native Americans into the mainstream of American life by dividing tribal lands into individual holdings
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Homestead Act
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People given 160 acres of land, had to stay five years. Done by Lincoln to encourage westward expansion.; BOOMERS AND SOONERS
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Assimilate
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To be absorbed into the main culture of a society
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Reservations
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Public lands where Native Americans were forced to live by the federal government
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Social Gospel
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Belief that Christians have a responsibility to confront social problems such as poverty
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New Immigrants
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Massive wave of immigrants who came to America between 1880 and 1924
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Protective Tariff
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Tax on imported goods making the price high enough to protect domestic goods from foreign competition
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Spoils System
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The political party in powers gives jobs to its supporters, rather than to people based on their qualifications
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Bessemer Process
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method for making steel more efficiently. Caused steel production to increase.
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Collective Bargaining
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process in which employees negotiate with labor unions about hours, wages, and other working conditions; UNIONS
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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Prohibited immigration of Chinese to US
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American Federation of Labor
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Alliance of skilled workers. Supported bread and butter issues such as high wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions
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Knights of Labor
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Labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broads social reforms
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Horizontal Integration
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When one company gains control over other companies that produce the same product; McDonald's owns Burger King and Wendy's too
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Vertical Integration
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When a company controls both the production and distribution of its product; McDonald's owns the bun maker, the meat plants, the tomato farms, the mustard maker....
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Social Darwinism
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Belief that the fittest survive in both nature and society. Wealthy business and industrial leaders used this to justify their success
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Century of Dishonor
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Created public awareness of the federal governments long of betraying and cheating Native Americans; book by Helen Hunt Jackson
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Espionage Act
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prohibited many forms of speech during wartime
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Deficit Spending
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practice of a nation paying out more money than it is receiving; used to help pull the nation out of an economic depression or recession (FDR New DeAL)
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Wagner Act
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Ensured workers the right to organize and collective bargain
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Tennessee Valley Authority
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Government agency that built dams to control flooding and generate electric power
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Dust Bowl
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The Central and southern Great Plains during the 1930s when the region suffered from drought and dust storms
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New Deal
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Programs enacted by Pres. Franklin Roosevelt during the Great Depression to promote economic recovery and social reform
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Teller Amendment
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US would not have control over Cuba.
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Lend- Lease Act
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US providers military supplies to the Allies (World War II)
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GI Bill
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provided education, housing and employment aid to veterans
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Cold War
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Rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union
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Taft-Hartley Act
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Limited the power of labors unions
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Federal Highway Act
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Created the Interstate Highway System
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Clayton Anti-trust Act
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clarified Sherman Act on topics like price discrimination, price fixation, and unfair business practices.
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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prevents manufacturing, sale, or transport of adulterated, misbranded, or poisonous foods, medicines, or liquors.
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Interstate Commerce Act
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regulated RR industry, rates must be "reasonable and just".
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Space Race
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Competition between the US and Soviet Union to develop[ the technology to land on the moon
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McCarthyism
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Making accusations of disloyalty (Communism) without sufficient evidence
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Containment
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Designed to block the spread of Soviet influence (Communism)
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Brinkmanship
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Belief hat only by going to the brink of war could the US protect itself against communist aggression
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Berlin Airlift
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US and Britain flew supplies to West Berlin during the Soviet Blockade of Berlin
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Marshall Plan
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offered economic aid to Western European countries after WWI; effort to prevent spread of communism
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War Powers Act
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law passed by congregated to limit the President's war making powers
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Truman Doctrine
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President Truman's promise to help nations struggling against communist movements
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Arms race
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Nations compete to build more powerful weapons
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Domino Theory
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Idea that is a nation falls to communism, its closest neighbors will also fall under communist control
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Great Society
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President Johnson's goals in the areas of healthcare, education, the environment, discrimination, and poverty
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Baby Boom
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Increase in births between 1945 and 1964
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Equal Pay Act
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law that required both men and women to receive equal pay for equal work
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United Farm Workers
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Labor Unions of farm workers that used nonviolent tactics, including a workers' strikes and a consumer boycott; Cesar Chavez...GRAPES!
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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authorized Pres. Johnson to send more combat forces to South Vietnam to fight a war against North Vietnam
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War on Poverty
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President Johnson's programs that would help the country's poor through education, training, proper health care and nutrition
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NOW
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Feminist organization founded by Friedan and Steinhem to fight for equal rights for women NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF WOMEN
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ERA
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Proposed amendment to the Constitution to guarantee equal right regardless of gender
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Phyllis Schlafly
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Conservative who fought against passage of the ERA
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Betty Friedan
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author of "The Feminine Mystique" which argued that the traditional women's role was unfulfilling
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Grape Boycott
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Method used by UNITED FARM WORKERS to gain recognition of their union by the large farm operations and grocery store chains
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Freedom Rides
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Organized to gain public awareness and pressure Kennedy administration
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Thurgood Marshall
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NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown case before the supreme Court and later became the first African- American Supreme Court Justice
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Malcolm X
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One of several civil rights leaders with vastly different ideas and tactics from MLK
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Peace Corps
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JFK's organization of volunteer workers sent to "third world" countries to teach valuable skills
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Rosa Parks
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Inspired the modern- day civil rights movement through her leadership an example in the Montgomery Bus Boycott
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MLK
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Civil Rights leader who preached and Practiced passive resistance and civil disobedience, or the refusal to follow unjust laws
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NATO
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Post WWII military alliance between the US and nations of Western Europe; objective was to contain communism
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Ronald Reagan
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Republican president whose popular tax cuts combined with military modernization left the nation with its first $1 Trillion deficit
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Reaganomics
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economic policies of Reagan, reduction of taxes and promotion of unrestricted free-market activity
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Glass Steagall
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Act which created FDIC; protected your investments in bank accounts after bank runs during the Great Depression (New Deal Program)
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AAA
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Paid farmers to leave acreage un- planted in order to bring down supply and force prices up (New Deal)
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CCC
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Employment program for young, unmarried men (New Deal)
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Frances Perkins
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First female cabinet secretary; Secretary of Labor
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Vital natural resources
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Work force, oil, coal, mineral, and water
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Andrew Carnegie
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Scottish immigrant who made a fortune in the steel industry and then spent the rest of his life giving it away; wrote "The Gospel of Wealth" about the rich's obligation to give back to society
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Robber Baron
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refers to idea that capitalists took advantage of their workers and practiced ruthless and unethical business tactics
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Pendleton Civil Service Act
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Positions in federal government to be awarded based on merit, not political affiliation.
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SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
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restrain arms race between US and Soviet Union
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VISTA
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JFK's volunteers in service to America, anti-poverty program
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Selective Service Act
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authorized federal government to raise a national army for the American entry into WWI by drafting
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Social Security Act
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FDR, federal old age and disabled benefits
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War Production Board
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agency of the US government that supervised war production during WWII, FDR
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Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy
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leaders should strive for peace while also keeping other nations aware of its military power
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Bay of Pigs
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An unsuccessful invasion of Cuba in 1961, which was sponsored by the United States. Its purpose was to overthrow Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. JFK
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USS MAINE
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Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War
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YELLOW JOURNALISM
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Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers
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MUCKRAKER
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1906 - Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business
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POLITICAL MACHINE
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A group that controls the activities of a political party; TAMMANY HALL, BOSS TWEED
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CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
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(JFK) , , an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later, on condition that US doesn't invade Cuba
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38TH
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Dividing line between North and South Korea
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17TH
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Dividing line in Vietnam
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Civil Rights Act 1964
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1964; banned discrimination in public places, employment, etc...
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Civil Rights Act 1968
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this law banned discrimination in housing, the segregation of education, transportation, and employment, it helped African Americans gain their full voting rights.
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Freedom Summer
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1964 effort to register African American voters in Mississippi
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WEB Dubois
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Opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a "Talented Tenth". Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP.
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Booker T Washington
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African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.
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Stokely Carmichael
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head of the SNCC making a separatist philosophy of black power as the official objective of the organization
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World War I
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War sparked by assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
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World War II
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War fought from 1939 to 1945 between the Allies and the Axis, involving most countries in the world. The United States joined the Allies in 1941, helping them to victory. Caused by Nazi Germany and appeasement
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Zimmermann Note
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A secret document from Germany to Mexico:Join the war on the Central Powers side WWI (cause USA join Allies)
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Atlantic Charter
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Agreement signed by President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1941 outlining the two nations' war aims (World War II)
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Progressive Era
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1890 - 1920, Progressives tended to be women, middle class, and live in urban areas. Progressives sought to use government influence to solve societal problems.
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Gilded Age
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1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor
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immigration quotas
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Limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota.
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Red Scare
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A period of general fear of communists
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detente
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Relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China; led to trade with China
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Open Door Policy
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A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.
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Harlem Renaissance
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A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
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Moral Majority
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A movement begun in the early 1980's among religious conservatives that supported primarily conservative Republicans opposed to abortion, communism and liberalism.
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Camp David Accords
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A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel (Hosted by Carter in the US)
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Patriot Act
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This law passed after 9/11 expanded the tools used to fight terrorism and improved communication between law enforcement and intelligence agencies
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Iran Contra
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scandal including arms sales to the Middle East in order to send money to help the Contras in Nicaragua even though Congress had objected
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NAFTA
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North American Free Trade Agreement (US, Canada, Mexico) Bill Clinton
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NATO
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NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION....Alliance of the allied powers against the Soviets
