question

What is the second largest continent in the world?

answer

Africa 11.3 million square miles

question

From north to south Africa there are what two things?

answer

-a succession of climatic zones -desert, savannah, rain forest, mountain ranges

question

What continent is suggested to be where human life began?

answer

Africa

question

Where is it that has the oldest fossils of the early ancestors of humankind have been found?

answer

Africa

question

What continent is the only continent that shows evidence of humans through the key stages of evolution?

answer

Africa

question

Scientific techniques support the notion that Africa, and in particular the ___ and ___ regions, is the cradle of humankind.

answer

Eastern Southern

question

The earliest ancestors of humankind are known as ______ -commonly known as ape men.

answer

australopithecines

question

The first example of Australopithecus was found when and where?

answer

1925 in a limestone cave near Taung, in South Africa

question

What is the best know specimen of afarensis?

answer

Lucy

question

How old is lucy?

answer

3.2 million years old

question

Where and when did they find lucy?

answer

november 1974 at Hadar, Ethiopia

question

By around 2.5 million years ago a more recent ancestor ____ ___ or 'man the toolmaker' appears to have evolved.

answer

homo habilis

question

What was homo habilis?

answer

was an individual whose larger brain size enabled it to manufacture simple stone tools

question

_____ ____, which evolved around 1.5 million years ago, is the ancestor who looked a good deal like a modern human.

answer

homo erectus

question

____ ___ was taller than ___ ___, more robust and had a larger brain.

answer

homo erectus homo habilis

question

Fossils of the "ape man" and Homo habilis have been found only where?

answer

Africa

question

Examples of homo erectus haven been found where?

answer

in the far east and china

question

The belief is that these other parts of the world were populated by the homo erectus because?

answer

they left Africa

question

By the time modern man appeared there is evidence of what?

answer

rapid population growth around the globe

question

What are the two theories of how the homo sapiens were able to spread?

answer

1. eve hypothesis 2. out of africa model

question

What is the eve hypothesis?

answer

it states that homo sapiens developed first in Africa descending from a single woman and then spread around the world between 100 and 200,000 years ago

question

What does the eve hypothesis imply?

answer

that all modern people are ultimately of African descent

question

What is the out of africa model?

answer

that modern humans evolved in africa between 200,000 to 100,000 years ago, with members of one branch leaving africa about 80,000 years ago. These emigrants spread to the rest of the world, replacing other Homo species already there such as neanderthals and homo erectus.

question

What was a possible migration route for homo sapiens?

answer

beringia land bridge

question

How did native americans record their history?

answer

orally

question

How did native americans trade?

answer

barter economy

question

How did the native americans use land?

answer

it was for all to use and not to be owned

question

What are four sophisticated civilizations in north, central, and south america?

answer

1. Olmecs 2. Mayas 3. Incas 4. Aztecs

question

Where did the Mayas exist?

answer

Central america

question

Where did the Incas exist?

answer

Peru

question

Where did the aztecs exist?

answer

Mexico

question

Why were the olmecs, mayas, incas, and aztecs considered a sophisticated civilization?

answer

1. elaborate cities w/out use of simple technology 2. Astronomical observations 3. Iron tools and weapons 4. Viable political systems

question

When did humans begin to farm?

answer

10,000-6,000 BC

question

sophisticated civilizations used advance agricultural practices like _____ to feed large populations.

answer

maize

question

In the early north americans, maize, squash, bean cultivation reached southeast around when?

answer

A.D. 100

question

In early north americans, what was the 3 sister farming?

answer

bean, squash, maize

question

the in early north americans, the 3 sister farming produced food for what three native american clans?

answer

1. Creek 2. Choctaw 3. Cherokee

question

In the early north americans, what area had a less dense population allowing european colonizers to subdue North Americans with ease?

answer

North and East of Pueblos

question

How did most north american people live?

answer

most people lived in small, scattered, and semi permanent settelements

question

The north american people, who did the crop work?

answer

women

question

In the north american people, who did the hunting, fishing, and cleared land?

answer

The men

question

In the north american people, they formed what kind of cultures?

answer

matrilineal cultures (power and possessions passed down through female lines)

question

North american people had no desire to do what?

answer

manipulate nature aggressively

question

How many north americans where there upon european arrival?

answer

about 4 million

question

What are some sophisticated civilizations in north america?

answer

cahokia Hopewell Anasazi

question

Why was cahokia a sophisticated civilization?

answer

They were around the mississippi river valley and had a population over 40,000. They emerged as a trading and political center

question

Why was hopewell a sophisticated civilization?

answer

because they flourished by rivers

question

Why was anasazi a sophisticated civilization?

answer

because they were cliff dwellers and they used 3 sister farming

question

Farming in africa, the first farming villages appeared along the nile river around when ?

answer

5,000 BC

question

Farming in Africa, what civilization arose along the nile river about 3.500 BC?

answer

egyptain

question

What was so great about the nile river?

answer

it brought in water all year round and annual flooding irrigates the shores leaving rich, fertile silt ideal for crop growing

question

In egyptain, civilization, by about 3,000 years bce the fertile sediments left by the annual flooding of the nile left a long strip of arable land supporting how many people?

answer

an estimated 1.8 million

question

In egyptian civilization, the formation of Egypt as a unified state came when the regions known as upper and lower egypt were united by ___ who established the ____ ____.

answer

Menes first dynasty

question

Egyptian civilzation, the rulers of ancient egypt, know as _____, where regarded as gods on earth.

answer

pharaohs

question

in egyptian civilization, there were 3 major periods called kingdoms. What were the 3?

answer

1. Old kingdom 2. middle kingdom 3. New kingdom

question

in egyptian civilization, what is the old kingdom?

answer

these years see the building of the first pyramids

question

in egyptian civilization, what is the middle kingdom?

answer

the country's administration reorganized under menthuhotep, who based his capital at Thebes

question

in egyptian civilization, what is the new kingdom?

answer

-amenhotep 1 began a new period of expansion into Nubia and Palestine -Queen hathsepsut ruled for two prosperous decades

question

In egyptain society, was in patrilineal or matrilineal?

answer

patrilineal

question

What was the heiarchy in egyptain society?

answer

kings, vizer (executive head of bureaucracy), warriors, priests, merchants, artisans, peasants

question

in egyptian society, women were able to do what?

answer

1. own property 2. Managed household slaves 3. educated their children 4. Held public office 5. Serves as priests 6. operated businesses

question

in egyptian society, they had what kind of religion?

answer

polytheistic

question

in egyptian society, what are some gods they believed in?

answer

Re- the sun god Osiris- god of the nile

question

In egyptian society, they believed in what?

answer

immortality (this is why they had elaborate funerals)

question

What are three other african civilizations?

answer

1. kush (nubia) 2. Meroe 3. Axum

question

The _____ were first based in karma, and then at napata- both towns in what is now northern Sudan.

answer

kushites

question

in nubian civilization, ____ was an advanced society and archeological evidence shows that ceramics were being produced by 8,000BC-earlier than Egypt.

answer

Kerma

question

In Nubian civilization, ____ was rich with minerals such as stones needed for the building of temples and tombs, and gold needed for jewelry

answer

Nubia

question

In Nubian civilization, they had what resources?

answer

1. the resources for the smelting of iron and ore 2. water from the nile and wood from acacia trees to make charcoal

question

in the Nubian Civilization, in about 600 BCE the capitol of the Kushite kingdom was moved from Napata to ____.

answer

Meroe

question

The kingdom of Axum was located where?

answer

Northern Ethiopia

question

The people of Axum were accomplished what?

answer

Farmers

question

Who was the queen of Axum?

answer

Queen Sheba

question

The aksumite religion came from the Arabic religion which believed what?

answer

that the gods controlled the natural forces of the universe

question

What religion did the axum people eventually convert to?

answer

Christianity

question

Over three thousand years ago, there was two important developments in west africa. What were they?

answer

1. long distance trade 2. ability to manipulate stone, clay, and metals

question

What is the theory of how Ancient Ghana came to be?

answer

number of clans of the soninke people came together under a leader with semi divine status, caked Dinga cisse.

question

How did ancient ghana derive its power and wealth>

answer

from gold

question

In ancient ghana, what animal help boost transportation of goods?

answer

camels

question

Why did ancient Ghana decline?

answer

1. Because the king lost his trading monopoly 2. A drought

question

When did Mali come into existence?

answer

mali emerged against the back drop of a declining of Ghana under the dynamic leadership of Sundiata of Keita clan

question

In mali, how did sundiata rise to power?

answer

by defeating the king of the sosso-soumaoro (the sorcerer king)

question

In mali, sundiata brought all the ____ clan rulers under his leadership, declaring himself over all of Mansa.

answer

Mandinka

question

In mali, sundiata also took what?

answer

Timbuktu from Tuareg and transformed it into a substantial city, a focus for trade and scholarship

question

When did mali reach its peak?

answer

In the 14th century

question

In mali, _____ ____ was immortalized in the descriptions of Arab writers, when he made his magnificent pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324

answer

Mansa Musa

question

What is the downfall of mali?

answer

a combination of weak and ineffective rulers and increasingly aggressive raids by Mossi neighbors and Tuareg Berbers gradually reduced the power of mali

question

The empire of songhai, the wealth and power of songhay came be traced back to what?

answer

sorko fishermen who were skilled canoeists, living along the Niger, south east of Gao

question

The empire of Songhai, in the fifteenth century songhay rose to pre-eminence under who?

answer

Sonni Ali the Great

question

Sonni Ali the great's military forces consisted of what?

answer

Calvary of expert horsemen and fleets of canoes

question

After Sonni Ali's death one of his generals, ____ ___, seized power in 1493.

answer

Mohammed Ture

question

Mohammed Ture was a devout what?

answer

Muslim of Soninke origin

question

who brought Songhay to its height of its power?

answer

Mohammed Ture (trade improved)

question

In the late 16th century, Songhay slid into what?

answer

civil war

question

Songhay's demise was caused by what?

answer

environmental changes that lead to droughts and diseases

question

In west African society and culture, most were what?

answer

farmers

question

In west African society and culture, they lived in extended families called what?

answer

lineages

question

In west African society and culture, generally there was 1 lineage per village. Was it the women or mens lineage?

answer

women

question

In west African society and culture, they believed that lineages came from what?

answer

mythical persoange

question

In west African society and culture, in all societies, what was passed from one person to the other?

answer

rank and property

question

In west African society and culture, depending on the ethnic group, they were either ___ or ____.

answer

matrilineal patrilineal

question

In west African society and culture, What happened when it was matrilineal?

answer

property was passed through female but controlled by the men

question

In west African society and culture, was there private ownership of land?

answer

yes, but it generally worked communally

question

Women, in general, who dominated who in Africa?

answer

men dominated women

question

Women, it was common for men to have how many wives?

answer

two or more wives

question

Women, west african women also enjoyed more freedom than who?

answer

european or arab women

question

What is Sande?

answer

A secret society for women

question

What did women do in Sande?

answer

it taught sex education to girls and initiate them into adulthood

question

What is poro?

answer

male secret society

question

Who were considered royals in africa?

answer

nobles, warriors, and bureaucrats

question

Who were considered lower classes in africa?

answer

blacksmiths, butchers, tanners, and oral historians called griots

question

Where was slavery most common in africa?

answer

in the savannah region

question

West Africans held war captives including whom?

answer

Men, women, and children

question

in Islamic regions, masters were obligated to their slaves like what?

answer

guardians

question

In non islamic regions, the children of slaves gained what kind of legal protection?

answer

the right not be sold away from their native lands

question

Slaves who served in royal courts or the armies often had power over what?

answer

Free people and could acquire property

question

Slaves and peasant farmers shared the same living conditions as their what?

answer

Masters

question

Slavery is west africa societies served as a means of what?

answer

assimilation

question

What was the main cause of slavery in west african society?

answer

war

question

African art and music was related to what?

answer

religious practices

question

Africans excelled in what?

answer

wood carving and sculpture

question

What musical interments were africans good at playing?

answer

drums, xylophones, bells, flutes, and mbanzas

question

What were prose tales?

answer

aimed to entertain and teach a lesson

question

The africans literature was focused on what?

answer

small characters "tricksters" who were pitted against two larger beasts

question

When the tales from africa reached america they becomes tales of what?

answer

for the struggle between slaves and powerful white masters

Ancient Africa and America Prehistory-c.e. 1600 – Flashcards

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