question

Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in

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developing countries

question

which of the following is a uniquely human trait?

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ability to regulate our reproduction

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From 1900 to 2000, the human population on Earth

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tripled

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Which of the following human traits are typical of K-strategists?

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parental care of long duration

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Unlike most species, human population ecology must also include consideration of the

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interactions of the global human population

question

About 30,000 years ago, humans survived most like which of the following organisms?

answer

roaming groups of omnivorous chimps

question

The Neolithic Revolution is most clearly seen in human culture today in our use of

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modern agriculture to raise food crops

question

Which problem today is primarily the result of the Industrial Revolution?

answer

extensive air and water pollution

question

The ability to feed the growing world population was addressed by the

answer

green revolution

question

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of revolutions as they occurred?

answer

neolithic, industrial, medical, green, enviironmental

question

The epidemiologic transition is largely a result of the

answer

medical revolution

question

The five main revolutions of human history have all resulted in

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an increase in human carrying capacity

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Which of the following are current limiting factors for future human population growth?

answer

pollution and land for agriculture

question

In a significant 2004 paper reviewing 69 papers on world human population and carrying capacity, the authors estimated that the sustainable carrying capacity of humans is about

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7.7 billion

question

China's one-child policy was adopted because

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it was clear the nation could not live within the limit of its resources if the population continued to grow.

question

Using the IPAT formula, which of the following would most likely reduce the environmental impact of a society?

answer

greater use of birth control by most members of a society

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The amount of land and ocean needed to provide the resources for one person and absorb his/her wastes defines the

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environmental footprint

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The best predictions of US population growth consider

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immigration, total fertility rate, and age of first reproduction

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If a country experiences 6 births, 4 deaths, and 1 new immigrant every minute of a year, how will its population change in one year?

answer

the population will increase by about 1.5 million people

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Projections of future world population do not typically include

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migration

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In one year, a population of 10,000 people experiences a birth rate of 220 and a death rate of 170 people. The annual percent increase is

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0.5% and assumes no migration.

question

Thailand has experienced a dramatic drop in fertility rate, increased per capita income and an increase in life expectancy between 1960 and 2005. These are all signs that Thailand

answer

has undergone demographic transition

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Countries caught in the poverty-population trap have experienced

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the benefits of modern medicine but not the benefits of economic development

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In general, fertility rates

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decrease as per capita income increases

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The Millennium Development Goals focus on

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ending extreme poverty and hunger all over the world

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Which of the following activities would be consistent with the Millennium Development Goals?

answer

provide meals and mosquito nets for every child under the age of five

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The recent Cairo and Stockholm population conferences in 1994 and 2014 found widespread agreement that the greatest way to help developing countries was to

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limit their population growth through improving women's health and education.

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Social modernization involves many aspects that revolve around

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the education and enfranchisement of women

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Compared to a person in a developed country, a person in a developing country is about eight times more likely to die from

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communicable diseases.

question

You are a newly appointed advisor in a government project to help move a developing country forward economically. With limited financial resources and staffing, which of the following would be your highest priority?

answer

help the government promote family planning throughout the country

question

Small-scale businesses in Bangladesh have done well because of the Grameen bank lending

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small amounts of money to women

question

The Dust Bowl in the United States in the 1930s was caused primarily by

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lack of any soil conservation practices, continuous cropping, coupled with natural drought.

question

Within soil, a natural cycle of

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decomposers break down detritus to release nutrients used by producers.

question

Which one of the following soil horizons is least likely to interact directly with living organisms?

answer

c horizon

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Which of the following can best be classified as "soil constraints"?

answer

Poor drainage, salinity, and high levels of aluminum

question

Which of the following farming practices would be expected to produce the least nutrient leaching and thus contribute most to soil sustainability?

answer

No plowing, drip irrigation, and the use of organic fertilizers

question

Children learning the process of good home gardening decide to help as best they can. Every day they walk along rows of bean plants, carefully inspecting each plant for insect and removing any that they find. However, the bean plants do not grow well and few beans form. Their parents notice the beans, inspect the plants and soil, and tell the children that walking around the plants every day has hurt the plants by

answer

compacting the soil, decreasing aeration and infiltration.

question

In the healthy environment of a sustainable soil,

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the humus-forming processes of topsoil is renewed by the addition of detritus and humus

question

The greatest cause of topsoil loss around the world is

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erosion

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Planting rows of trees or shrubs around the periphery of a plowed field are long established farming practices that

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decrease wind erosion and increase soil moisture

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The farm machinery that opens a furrow through the soil and mulch of dead weeds, drops seeds and fertilizer and then closes the furrow is engaged in the erosion-reducing technique of

answer

no-till planting

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Up until about 12,000 years ago, human populations were primarily limited by

answer

the availability of food

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The Industrial Revolution has led to an increased reliance on fossil fuels to

answer

power farm machinery and to produce fertilizers and pesticides.

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Although the Green Revolution has greatly reduced world hunger and malnutrition, it has

answer

required high levels of increasingly expensive fertilizer and pesticides

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Cattle production in the United States and other developed nations involves CAFOs that

answer

produce 14% of the greenhouse gas methane, which causes global warming

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Transgenic plants are generally different from traditional hybrid plants produced hundreds of years ago, because transgenic plants may

answer

contain genes from animals or bacteria

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Globally, an imbalance in grain productivity requires some countries to import grain from places where production exceeds consumption. Which of the following would benefit the most from the use of biotechnology or other techniques to increase grain production in their region?

answer

africa

question

In sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, the major nutritional problems relate to

answer

malnutrition and undernourishment, especially in children

question

Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, like DDT, are synthetic versions of

answer

non-biodegradable, persistent molecules

question

The highest amounts of pesticides or their breakdown products would be found within a cougar in its

answer

body fat

question

Developing a new form of ecological pest control, researchers engineer crops to produce the pheromones of the pest. The crops now produce the pest pheromone, overwhelming the fields and causing the male pests to fail to find a mate. This new form of ecological pest control combines

answer

genetic and natural chemical control

question

Which of the following about Bt crops is true?

answer

They are GM plants that incorporate the gene for producing a potent bacterially produced insecticide.

question

For most of human history, and in developing countries today, the major source of energy has been

answer

muscle power

question

Although considerable variation exists around the world, globally the percent of fossil fuels that are used for the primary energy supply is more tha

answer

80%

question

People living in cities from the late 1850s through at least the 1930s often

answer

suffered respiratory diseases

question

Fossil fuels are considered non-renewable sources of energy because

answer

their formation is so slow

question

The Hubbert peak accurately predicted

answer

maximum U.S. oil production about 1970.

question

In the southern Appalachian Mountains, hundreds of miles of streams and freshwater systems are destroyed in the process of

answer

mountaintop removal mining to remove coal.

question

CHP conserves energy in industrial buildings by

answer

using the waste heat generated to warm buildings

question

Compared to the generation of electricity using coal, nuclear power

answer

generates no sulfur dioxide or carbon dioxide emissions.

question

Over the past 30 years in the United States, nuclear power production

answer

has remained steady at around 100 reactors

question

In general, the global reliance on nuclear power to generate electricity

answer

has gradually increased at about 3% a year for the last decade

question

The number of reactants and products varies in fission and fusion reactions.

answer

Fission begins with one reactant and yields two atomic products and a release of energy.

question

If the radiation you received from your x-ray does pose a health risk, how can this radiation cause the greatest harm?

answer

Your DNA in cells that were radiated may be damaged.

question

At present, the total number of long-term, commercial, below-ground nuclear waste depository sites in use in the United States is

answer

zero

question

One of the major problems associated with long-term, high-level nuclear waste storage is

answer

selecting an environment that will remain stable for more than 10,000 years.

question

Which of the following is a clear advantage in the use of nuclear power instead of fossil fuels? Nuclear power

answer

contributes less to global climate change.

question

As sun shines on its leaves, a bean plant uses the light in photosynthesis to make beans. This entire process represents, in this sequence, the

answer

collection, conversion, and storage of energy.

question

In the winter in Wisconsin, a person going to work at 8 AM parks her car so that it is in bright sunlight in the afternoon. When she gets in her car about 5 PM, the inside is warm because of

answer

passive solar heating

question

Current photovoltaic technology uses sunlight to generate electricity

answer

in just one step

question

Which one of the following does not represent indirect solar energy?

answer

nuclear fission

question

Although hydroelectric dams generate electricity without producing greenhouse gases, they

answer

eliminate farmland and wildlife habitats in the regions that are flooded

question

If ethanol production in the United States more than doubles between 2015 and 2022, it will need to rely on

answer

second-generation biofuel using enzymes that convert cellulose to fermentable sugar.

question

Using hydrogen to run a car is most like using electricity stored in a battery.

answer

true

question

In our natural environment,

answer

hydrogen is most abundant combined with oxygen.

question

A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell uses

answer

hydrogen and oxygen and generates electricity and water.

question

EROI refers to the ratio of energy returned to energy invested in that energy source. When the number is large,

answer

the energy from that source is easy to get and cheap.

question

Energy policies that promote the use of renewable-energy resources

answer

and efficiency will automatically reduce the generation of greenhouse gases

question

In 2015, Germany has had major investments in renewable energy, and Germany has set a goal to eventually supply 80% of the nation's power through renewable energy. Which of these is the best conclusion to draw about Germany?

answer

Germany has transformed its energy policies and economic infrastructure to accommodate development of renewable energy.

question

In 2013, 10 percent of the energy used in the United States was renewable energy. Of that renewable energy, 17.9 percent was from wind. Therefore, in 2013, how much of the total energy used in the United States was from wind?

answer

about 2%

question

Every winter morning when the sun is shining bright, a man pulls back the drapes on a large south-facing window. Here in Montana, he knows that he can help heat his home this way using

answer

passive solar heating

question

The fastest-growing energy technology in the world is illustrated by

answer

solar collecting panels on rooftops

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