AP World History Religions 090610 – Flashcards
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Percentages of Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Jews, and Non-religious
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Christians - 33% Islam - 21% Hindu - 14% Jewish - .14% Nonreligious - 16%
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Which religion is the fastest growing?
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Islam
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Polytheistic religions (years, important beliefs)
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8000 BCE to 600 BCE. Belief systems in which many gods and goddesses represent spirits of nature that take human form.
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Hinduism (years, percentage, founder)
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2000-1700 BCE, 14%, no one founder
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Vedas
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Hindu religious script
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Brahmins
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Hindu priests
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Moksha
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Hindu releasement from the circle of reincarnation
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Hinduism (basic beliefs)
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Reincarnation. Karma determines destiny. Most follow one of the principle gods. Caste system.
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Dharma
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Laws Hindus must follow to get to Moksha
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Buddhism (years, percentage, founder, why did it start)
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563 BCE - 483 BCE, 6%, Buddha, protest against Hindu priests
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Four Noble Truths
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Where Buddhist beliefs lie
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Theravada
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type of Buddhism
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Mahayana
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type of Buddhism
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When did the two sects of Buddhism split/what are they called?
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100, Theravada and Mahayana
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Nirvana
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Buddhist ideal
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Buddhism (basic beliefs)
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All suffering comes from desire. Self control. Reincarnation. Popular because it accepted everyone regardless of caste, class or sex.
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Eight fold path
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What Buddhists must follow to reach Nirvana
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Confucianism (year, founder, why did it start?)
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551- 479 BCE, Confucius, bring order to China after fall of Zhou.
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Confucianism (basic beliefs)
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Respect for family, veneration of ancestors, personal standards of value = traditions that led to good government. Not a religion - belief system. Highly optimistic views on human nature. Only smart people in gov - it doesn't matter who your daddy is.
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Civil service exam
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From Confucianism.
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Taoism (year, founder, why did it start?)
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580 - 500 BCE, Lao Tze, bring order to China after fall of Zhou,
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Taoism (basic beliefs)
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Balance of nature. No total good, no total bad. Political involvement/activeness not necessary because the world will even out on its own.
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Judaism (years, founder, percentage)
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1500BC - 1350 BC, Abraham, .14%
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Ten Commandments
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Covenant between God and Moses
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Christianity (three main types, percentage)
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Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, 33%
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What is the worlds largest religion?
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Christianity
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Islam (year, percentage, founder)
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570, 21%, Mohammed
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Five Pillars of Islam
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1. Pray towards Mecca 2. Fast 3. Pilgrimage 4. Give to charity, alms giving 5. Oneness of God, Prophet Muhammad
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Three groups of Islam
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Shiites, Sunnis, Sufis
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Shintoism (date, founder, percentage)
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no known dates, no known founder, 70 - 90% of Japan
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Shintoism (basic beliefs)
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No prayers, dates, scriptures. Polytheistic devoted to Kami. Not a religion - aspect of life based on ritual not belief.
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Kami
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Shinto spirits. Not Gods, but look out for people's well fare. Rituals allow communication between Kami and people
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Zoroastrianism (date, founder)
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system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster
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Avesta
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The sacred text of Zoroastrianism,
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Ahura Mazda
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Zoroastrian God of wisdom.
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Spenta Mainyu
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holy spirit from which all good comes in Zoroastrianism
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Zoroastrianism (basic)
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Almost extinct, only survived in isolated comunities.
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Sikhims (date, founder, why, percentage)
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1469 - 1538 AD, .36%, Guru Nanak, did not like Hinduism
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Sikhims (basic beliefs)
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Afterlife, reincarnation. Founded on teachings of the ten Gurus. Sharing and hard work are very important principles of the Sikhs.
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Granth Sahid
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The Sikhish holy book - but also one of the living Gurus. The book is considered a living Guru and is treated as such.
