World History chapter 15 terms – Flashcards
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Pizarro
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Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas
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Columbus
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Italian man who explored for Portugal and accidentally discovered the Americas in 1492
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Magellan
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Portuguese man who was first to circumnavigate the globe
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Northwest Passage
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non-existent water route through the Americas to Asia searched for by the Europeans
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Moctezuma
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Aztec emperor who was imprisoned and forced to sign over his land and treasure to the Spanish
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Mercantilism
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System in which a mother country maintains tight control over her colonies and forbids the colonies to trade with other countries. The colonies provide the mother country with raw materials and the mother country provides manufactured goods.
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Mestizo
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Caucasian/ Indian
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Quebec (New France)
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France claimed it in 1608, did well in the fur trade, not nearly as prosperous as the Spanish colonies
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Seven years war
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Great Britain vs France, Britain won and ensured domination of North America
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Olaudah Equiano
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African who is captured at age 11, later was freed and moved to London, wrote about his experience on the middle passage
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Brazil
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conquered by Portugal, similar to Spanish colonies, made money off of Brazil wood
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Malinche
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Native American woman who served as a translater and advised Cortes to team up with the Aztecs' enemys to win their land
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Conquistador
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Spanish conquerors who forced natives to convert, took their gold, and forced them to work
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Cortez
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Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs
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Viceroy
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ruled in the name of the king
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Viceroyalities
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land the viceroy rules
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Encomienda
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Land grants to conquistadors that included all of the people living on the land as forced laborers, plantations and mines
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Creole
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descendant of peninsulares
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Jamestown
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First English colony in the new world (1607)
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Middle Passage
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Terrible journey across the Atlantic ocean in which hundreds of Africans were packed into small vessels
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The Columbian exchange
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exchange of food, plants, animals and diseases between the old and new world
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Tariffs
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tax on imports that protects local businesses
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Taino
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Native Americans who the Spanish first encounter, kind and friendly, but Spanish capture them and claim their land
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Disease
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Natives had no immunity to European diseases like smallpox, killed 90%
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Atahualpa
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Incan emperor who refuses to convert or become a vassal and is murdered despite his ransom
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Tenochtitlan
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Aztec capitol, becomes Mexico City, falls in 1521
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Joint-Stock Companies
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people combine investments to spread out the risk
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Bartolome de Las Casas
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priest who described and condemned the encomienda system
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Mulatto
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Caucasian/ African
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Plymouth
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English colony established in 1620 (pilgrims)
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Triangle Trade
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trade between Europe, Africa and the Americas. Europe provided manufactured goods, Africa provided slaves, America provided raw materials
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Privateers
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pirates paid by the government to raid other counties' ships
