US History Chap. 18 – Flashcards
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Selective Training and Service Act
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1940 law requiring all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service, a plan for the first peacetime draft in american history
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GI
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Term used for American soldiers in World War II, derived from the term "Government Issue"
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Tuskegee Airmen
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African American fighter pilots, all black unit of fighter pilots. trained in Tuskegee Alabama. won many awards for bravery and never lost a single pilot
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War Production Board
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During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers
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Office of War and Mobilization
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Federal agency formed to coordinate issues related to war production during World War II
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Liberty Ships
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Ships built using mass production methods that carried goods and troops during WWII.
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Smith- Connally Act
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June 1943; passed by Congress because of threats of lost production through strikes; authorized fed. govt to operate tied-up businesses (coal mines & railroads)
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Office of Price Administration
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WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation
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"White Christmas"
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Berlin (Song)
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Victory Garden
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a kitchen garden planted during wartime to relieve food shortages
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Atlantic Charter
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1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war
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"Desert Fox"
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Gen. Erwin Rommel; German field marshal noted for brilliant generalship in North Africa during World War II (1891-1944)
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WW2--leader of troops in Africa and commander in DDay invasion-elected president
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George S. Patton
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american general; helped the joint british and american forces break through german defenses and advance towards paris
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Luftwaffe
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the German airforce
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The Battle of Stalingrad
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Capture of the 6th Army. Hitler's Nazi's and Russians. When Germans occupied 90% of Stalingrad, and German commander surrendered
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Royal Air Force
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the airforce of Great Britain
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Carpet Bombing
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an extensive and systematic bombing intended to devastate a large target
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Gen. George S. Marshall
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Secretary of State that offered money to European countries to rebuild so they did not become communist
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D- Day
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June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.
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Omaha Beach
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American landing site in France on D-Day; an extremely difficult battle to take the beat
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Battle of The Bulge
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WWII battle in which German forces launched a final counterattack in the west
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V- E Day
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May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered
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Yalta Conference
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FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War
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Anti-Semitism
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prejudice against Jews
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Holocaust
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the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler
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SS
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special police force in Nazi Germany founded as a personal bodyguard for Adolf Hitler in 1925
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Concentration Camp
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a penal camp where political prisoners or prisoners of war are confined (usually under harsh conditions)
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Kristallnacht
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Night of Broken Glass, Nov 9 1938 night when the Nazis killed or injured many jews & destroyed many jewish propertys
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Warsaw Ghetto
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An area of Warsaw sealed off by the Nazis to confine the Jewish population, forcing them into poor, unsanitary conditions
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Wannasee Conference
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January 1942 key meeting of Nazi officials to detmine the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question in Europe"
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Genocide
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systematic killing of a racial or cultural group
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"The Final Solution"
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Nazi Germany's plan and execution of its systematic genocide against European jews during World War II.
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Death Camps
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camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany for the purpose of killing prisoners immediately.
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Auschwitz
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a Nazi concentration camp for Jews in southwestern Poland during World War II; Worst camp of all
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War Refugee Board
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Federal agency created in 1944 to try to help people threatened with murder by the Nazis
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Nuremberg Trials
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Trials held for the German officers convicted of war crimes
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Bataan Death March
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April 1942, American soldiers were forced to march 65 miles to prison camps by their Japanese captors. It is called the Death March because so may of the prisoners died en route.
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Flying Tigers
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US pilots who fought for China during WWII
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Colonel James Doolittle
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Attacked Tokyo and damged Japan's psyche.
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Battle of the Coral Sea
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a Japanese defeat in World War II (May 1942), A battle between Japanese and American naval forces that stopped the Japanese advance on Australia.
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Admiral Chester Nimitz
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He decoded Japanese naval codes, planning to knock out the American fleet, but he knew the plans and locations of the Japanese ships.
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Battle of Midway
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naval battle of World War II (June 1942),World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific
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Battle of Guadalcanal
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(1942-1943) World War II battle in the Pacific; it represented the first Allied counter-attack against Japanese forces; Allied victory forced Japanese forces to abandon the island
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Battle of Leyte Gulf
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1944 World War II naval battle betweeen the United States and Japan. Largest naval engagement in history. Japaneze navy was defeated.
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Kamikazes
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Japanese suicide pilots, in World War II, Japanese pilots who loaded their aircraft with bombs and crashed them into enemy ships
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Battle of Iwo Jima
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lasted 6 weeks, several thousand marines, and more than 20,000 Japanese soldiers were killed, this battle is also notable for the famous photograph of US marines lifting the American flag to a standpoint
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Battle of Okinawa
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First Japanese Home island (only 340 miles from mainland Japan) to be invaded. Island of immense strategic value. Involving over 500,000 troops and over 1,200 ships. Battle showed Japanese determination to resist invasion.
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Manhattan Project
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code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II
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Enola Gay
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the name of the American B-29 bomber, piloted by Col. Paul Tibbets, Jr., that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945.
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Hiroshima
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City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. (p. 797)
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Nagasaki
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a city in southern Japan on Kyushu
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V-J Day
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"Victory over Japan day" is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which was initially announced on August 15, 1945
