IB History Paper 2 Topic 1 Review Critical Essay – Flashcards
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what are the characteristics of total war (6)
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-using civilians in war effort -targeting of civilians -all weapons available -large fighting force -government control of key aspects -govt control of media
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total war examples (5)
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-korean war (for koreans) -vietnam war (for vietnamese) -sino-japanese war -iran-iraq war -russo-japanese war
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aspects of limited war (4)
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-confining geographical area -limiting types of targets -limiting weapons used -limiting degree of mobilization
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examples of limited war (5)
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-falklands -gulf war -algerian war -vietnam (for US) -korea (for US)
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2 sides of civil war
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incumbents vs. insurgents
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describe guerilla warfare
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-unconventional warfare -small groups of fighters -use of ambush and small unit raids -limited military resources
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examples of guerilla warfare (5)
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-vietnam -chinese civil war -afghanistan (vs. USSR) -irish war for independence -sino japanese war
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govt types: germany, france, great britain, austria, russia
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a) democratic monarchy b) republic c) parliamentary democracy d) dual monarchy e)divine monarchy
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members of alliances: three emperors league, dual allaince, 2nd 3 emperors league, triple alliance
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a) germany, AH, russia b)AH, germany c)germany, AH, russia d)germany, AH, italy
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how did imperialism lead to outbreak of ww1
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-rivalries over colonies, especially in africa -germany wanted to be a player in colonization
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short term causes (conflicts) of ww1 (5)
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-moroccan crisis -2nd moroccan crisis -bosnian crisis -1st balkan war -2nd balkan war
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1 contribution of each power to july crisis: germany, AH, russia, france, GB
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a) supported AH, schlieffen plan, good timing, domestic probs, help public opinion b) serbia exaggerated, delay c) no restraint to serbia, mobilized d) russian assurances e) should have made position clear
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new weapons of ww1 (10)
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-trench warfare -machine guns -grenades -heavy artillery -chemical warfare -tanks -mines -uboats -zeppelins -planes
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why did germany lose ww1 (6)
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-schlieffen plan was failure -uboat attacks brought in big US power -weak allies -ludendorff offensive -spanish flu -economic situation
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why did allies win ww1 (5)
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-better men and resources -control of seas -mobilizing their ecnomies -US troops -US support (money and machines)
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successes of league of nations (4)
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-aaland islands -upper silesia -mosul -bulgaria
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how did the failure of collective security lead to ww2
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-absense of major powers -ruhr crisis -rapallo treaty -locarno era -young plan -kellogg-briand pact -depression -manchuria -abyssinia
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how did the great depression lead to ww2
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-world economy linked to US -poverty + despair = extreme leadership -govts blamed for crisis, people want change
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hitler's short term causes of war
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-revising treaty of versailles -withdraw from league of nations -rhineland -spanish civil war -rome-berlin axis -austria -czechoslovakia
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examples of appeasement
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-stressa front -anglo german naval agreement -allowed remilitarized rhineland -britain argued treaty of versailles was wrong to split up germany and austria -munich agreement
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why did euro powers use appeasement
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-no other options -gave britain time to remilitarize -in democracy, people must want war or feel it is unavoidable -many saw treaty of versailles as too harsh
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long term causes of war in the pacific
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-japanese imperialism -foreign dominance -ww1 -treaty of versailles
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how can US be considered responsible for war in pacific
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-national origins act -4 values speech by fdr -oil embargo -biased neutrality
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identify the following: dr. sun yat-sen, GMD, CCP, Mao zedong, chiang kai shek
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a)1st pres of chinaa b) nationalists c)communists d)leader of commies e) leader of nationalists
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long term causes of chinese civil war (5)
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-socio economic factors -political weaknesses -influence of foreign powers -overthrow of manchu dynasty -rule of yuan shikai
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how did these things short term causes: regionalism, may 4th movement, 1st united front
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a)rule of warlords b)rebirth of china, proud independent nation c) GMD and CCP come together to end rule of warlords
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successes of long march
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-CCP survives -mao is undisputed leader of CCP
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mao's stages to revolutionary warfare (6)
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-set up bases -organization phase -defending bases -guerilla phase -protracted war -seizing power/conventional army
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reasons why CCP defeated GMD (5)
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-leadership -role of mao -spread of communist ideas -guerilla tactics -role of intelligence
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causes of falklands war: short term, long term, military
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a) british control v. argentina's control b) economic (high inflation) political (military coup, trouble in brit) c) domestic distraction in both countries
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what 3 types of diplomacy were used in falklands war
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1-UN 2-organization of american states (oas) 3-USA-Sec of state Haig
