AP World History-Unit 4 (1450-1750), Section 2B – Flashcards
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Columbian Exchange
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A dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations, communicable disease, and ideas between the American, African, and Eurasian continents following the Christopher Columbus' voyage to America
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Joint-Stock Company
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A business entity which is owned by shareholders, each shareholder owning a portion of the company in proportion to his or her ownership of the company's shares, allowing for unequal ownership of a business with some shareholders owning a larger proportion of a company than others
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Mercantilism
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1500s-late 1700s The economic doctrine stating that government control of foreign trade is of paramount importance
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Capitalism
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An economic system that is based on the private ownership of the means of production and the creation of goods or services for profit
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Manila Galleons
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Spanish trading ships that sailed once or twice a year across the Pacific Ocean between Manila in the Spanish East Indies, present day-Philippines, and Acapulco, New Spain, present-day Mexico
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Seven Years' War
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1754-1763 A world war that took place between, involving most of the great powers of the time and affecting Europe, North America, Central America, the West African coast, India, and the Philippines
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East India Company
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1600-June 31, 1874 An English, and later British, joint-stock company and mega-corporation formed for pursuing trade with the East Indies but ended up trading mainly cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpeter, tea and opium with the Indian subcontinent
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Olaudah Equiano
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c. 1745-March 31, 1797 A prominent African involved in the British movement for the abolition of the slave trade who was enslaved as a child, purchased his freedom, and worked as an author, merchant, and explorer in South America, the Caribbean, the Arctic, the American colonies, and the United Kingdom
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Manumission
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The act of a slave owner freeing their slaves
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Middle Passage
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The stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade
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Triangular Trade
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~A historical term indicating trade among three areas ~1500s-1800s: The enslavement and transportation of primarily African people to the colonies of the New World that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean ~"Atlantic Slave Trade"
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creole
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A multiracial person of European or African descent
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Antonianism
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1704-1706 A syncretic Christian movement, founded by Beatriz Kimpa Vita, formed in the Kingdom of Kongo as a development within the Roman Catholic Church in Kongo
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Sunni Ali
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1464-1492 The first king of the Songhai Empire, located in West Africa, and the fifteenth ruler of the Sonni Dynasty
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Queen Nzinga
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c. 1583-December 17, 1663 A queen of the Ndongo and Matamba Kingdoms, of the Mbundu people, in Southwestern Africa
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King Alfonso
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c. 1456-1542 A ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo and of the first of a line of Portuguese vassal kings
