question

The European slave trade out of Africa vastly expanded when...

answer

...sugar plantations were established on the Atlantic islands and in the Americas.

question

The large numbers and high volume of Africans in the slave trade was necessary because...

answer

...the mortality of slaves was high and their birth rate was low.

question

The largest number of enslaved Africans were sent to work in which of the following industries in the 1450-1750 era?

answer

sugar

question

What was one of the distinguishing features of slavery in Africa?

answer

the enslavement of women and children for domestic labor

question

What factor allowed Europeans to join in and profit from the commerce in slaves so quickly in the 16th century?

answer

the well-established patterns of slavery in Africa prior to the arrival of European traders

question

With regard to the slave trade and slavery in Africa, contacts with the Europeans...

answer

...increased violence and the disruption within African societies.

question

What processes occurred within Africa during the early modern period as a result of the influences of Islam and Western civilization?

answer

-political reorganization, both in Saharan and sub-Saharan Africa -integration of African cultures and communities into the New World economy -increased religious conversion, both to Islam and various forms of Christianity -significant and permanent social change

question

The Portuguese solidified commercial and cultural contacts in Africa through the creation of factories, which were...

answer

forts and trading posts with resident merchants.

question

Intensive production of which commodity greatly increased the importance of the slave trade for Portugal and Spain?

answer

sugar

question

All of these areas were major importers of African slaves EXCEPT...

answer

British North America.

question

Which European nation became a major player in the slave trade after seizing the important factory center at El Mina in 1637?

answer

Holland

question

What occupations did slaves perform throughout African societies prior to the inception of the European and Islamic slave systems?

answer

-servants and concubines -administrators -agricultural laborers -soldiers

question

Increased European presence and influence led to the rise of several new states in west and central Africa that based their power on control of which two commodities?

answer

slaves and firearms

question

On Zanzibar off the east African coast, Swahili, Indian, and Arab merchants adopted the European slave plantation system to cultivate which commodity crop?

answer

cloves

question

Which Nguni chiefdom's powerful military and political structure became a source of inspiration and fear for surrounding communities between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

answer

Zulu

question

Slaves in the New World confronted difficulties forming families due to which circumstances?

answer

-family members faced with the threat of separation at any time -difficult and exhausting working conditions -short and uncertain life spans -general shortages of female slaves

question

Although similar in many ways in their relationship to the emerging world system, which African circumstances differed sharply from those prevalent in Latin America during the early modern period?

answer

Africa remained independent of outside political control, and most cultural development was autonomous.

question

Which African kingdom first converted to Christianity through the efforts of Portuguese missionaries?

answer

Kongo

question

What patterns of contact, established by the Portuguese, became standard for all European powers throughout the early modern period?

answer

-predominantly commercial relations -alliances with local rulers -systems of fortified trading stations -combinations of force and diplomacy

question

What type of African slaves was most prevalent in the trans-Saharan slave trade?

answer

young women

question

An Indies piece was...

answer

...a Spanish term for the commercial value of a healthy male slave.

question

Internal instability and competition for European and Islamic trade led to the rise of which professional cohort throughout central and west Africa between 1500 and 1750 C.E.?

answer

soldiers and military commanders

question

Which new empire, based on the Gold Coast, used a golden stool as its symbol of power and cultural unity?

answer

Asante

question

What forces encouraged Bantu tribes to move southward toward the southern tip of Africa throughout the eighteenth century C.E.?

answer

-diverse patterns of political organization that led to the splitting of lineages to form new villages, which in turn encouraged southward migration -increased competition for land due to population growth -desire to acquire access to fertile coastal regions suitable for herding and grazing -competition over access to Portuguese and other European coastal trading stations

question

The Middle Passage was...

answer

...the traumatic slave journey across the Atlantic from Africa to the New World.

question

The most successful example of African-American slave resistance and rebellion occurred in...

answer

...Suriname.

question

Nzinga Mvemba brought which kingdom to Christianity?

answer

Kongo

question

A central element to Portuguese production was...

answer

slavery

question

The first slaves were brought to Portugal in...

answer

1441

question

Between 1450 and 1850, _______ slaves were shipped across the Atlantic.

answer

12 million

question

The Caribbean islands were dedicated to _______ production.

answer

sugar

question

By the seventeenth century, ________ was the largest supplier of slaves.

answer

west central Africa

question

Which of the following aided Africa in regaining some of its lost population during slave trade?

answer

the introduction of new crops

question

Some historians argue the profit of the slave trade inadvertently led to the...

answer

industrial revolution

question

In the Muslim faith,...

answer

...the enslavement of nonbelievers was acceptable.

question

During the seventeenth century, the kingdom of Dahomey created an autocratic empire due to access to...

answer

firearms

question

Who preached a jihad against the Hausa kings?

answer

Usuman Dan Fodio

question

A Boer refers to...

answer

...a Dutch farmer in South Africa.

question

Shaka of the Zulus was assassinated in...

answer

...1828.

question

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Middle Passage?

answer

The Middle Passage usually stripped slaves of their religious beliefs.

question

The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a slave trade.

answer

true

question

A saltwater slave refers to a native Africa slave.

answer

true

question

The Asante people used peaceful tactics in order to expand their empire.

answer

false

question

Virginia and the Carolinas imported more slaves than the Caribbean and Brazil.

answer

false

question

The Europeans abhorred African art.

answer

false

question

Control of the slave trade generally reflected the politics in Europe.

answer

true

question

France was the key proponent for the end of slave trade.

answer

false

question

The Boers embarked on the Great Trek in order to be free of government interference.

answer

true

question

The slave trade negatively impacted both the east and west coasts of Africa.

answer

false

question

The slave population in the southern United States never grew due to climate.

answer

false

AP World History Chapter 20 Critical Analysis – Flashcards

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