question

Neolithic revolution

answer

the transition from hunting and gathering to farming. In Central America at about 8,000 b.c.e. aided by the development of cron

question

North American societies before outside contact

answer

small bands of people living in isolation

question

European societies before outside contact

answer

acute population pressure, constant warfare, new ideas (aided by the printing press), Protestant Reformation and large nation-states were prevelant

question

African societies before outside contact

answer

villages and big cities along trade routes along with herding peoples in the Sahara

question

Treaty of Tordesillas

answer

the treaty, brokered by the pope, confirmed Portugal's right to control the route around Africa to India, and Spain's claim to most of the newly discovered lands of America.

question

conquistadores

answer

Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory.

question

ecomienda system

answer

a kind of feudalism granting Spanish colonists control of conquered lands and obliging the Indians to provide forced labor and a fixed portion of their harvests

question

John Cabot

answer

Italian explorer who led the English expedition (giving England claim to the land) in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498)

question

Giovanni de Verrazano

answer

Italian explorer of the Atlantic coast of North America

question

Jacques Cartier

answer

French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)

question

John Calvin

answer

French humanist whose theological writings profoundly influenced religious thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva

question

Martin Luther

answer

German theologian who led the Reformation (believed Grace was granted based on faith)

question

Henry VIII

answer

(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.

question

joint-stock companies

answer

enabled groups of investors to pool their capital and limit their individual responsibilities to the sums actually invested

question

Francis Drake

answer

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada with secrete aid from Elizabeth I

question

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

answer

English navigator who in 1583 established in Newfoundland the first English colony in North America, but decided to move to a better area and was killed in a storm on his way home

question

Walter Raleigh

answer

English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize Virginia (Roanoke)

question

Roanoke

answer

Established in 1587, the first English colony, called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them.

question

Richard Hakluyt

answer

Main promoter of colonization by England (with royal aid) in the New World. Reasons included surplus of English labor and thwarting Spain.

question

James I

answer

succeeded Elizabeth I, persecuted the Puritans, led to many moving to america

question

London Company

answer

group of merchants who paid for the founding of Jamestown

question

Captain John Smith

answer

English army captain whose strict discipline helped the Jamestown settlement to survive

question

Jamestown

answer

First permanent English settlement in North America (1607)

question

John Rolfe

answer

English settler at Jamestown (he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

question

Powhatan Indians

answer

original tribes in the area surrounding Jamestown, gave the settlers food, taught them the ways of the forests and introduced new crops (corn and yams), constantly warring with the settlers

question

House of Burgesses

answer

the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts.

question

Royal Colony

answer

A colony under the direct control of a monarch (English Crown)

question

Puritans

answer

Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization, stressed simplicity and faith. Settled the Mass. Bay Colony

question

Anglican Church

answer

the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs), created by Henry VIII

question

Arminianism

answer

16th century theology (named after its founder Jacobus Arminius) that opposes the absolute predestinarianism of John Calvin and holds that human free will is compatible with God's sovereignity, stresses free will

question

Separatists

answer

People who wanted to have a separate, or different church. Also known as Pilgrims.

question

William Bradford

answer

A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.

question

Of Plymouth Plantation

answer

a history of Plymouth written by William Bradford

question

Samoset

answer

Native American leader and friend of the early colonists. He was the first to sell land to the Pilgrims (1625).

question

Squanto

answer

Native American who helped the English colonists in Massachusetts develop agricultural techniques (fish, farm and hunt) and served as an interpreter between the colonists and the Wampanoag.

question

Mayflower

answer

the ship in which the Pilgrims sailed from England to Massachusetts in 1620

question

Mayflower Compact

answer

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

question

Pilgrims

answer

English Puritans, seeking religious freedom, who founded Plymouth colony in 1620

question

John Winthrop

answer

Leader of the first settlers at Massachusetts Bay Colony

question

Great Migration

answer

when more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and economic hard times (1630-1640)

question

Massachusetts Bay Colony

answer

1630 - Puritan settlement and government in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government.

question

Roger Williams

answer

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Providence, Rhode Island

question

Anne Hutchinson

answer

Preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639.

question

antinomianism

answer

the theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture), religious leaders are unnecessary

question

Rhode Island

answer

Roger WIlliams; Puritans; wanted religious tolerance, separation of church and state and democratic gov.

question

Thomas Hooker and Connecticut

answer

Founded in 1639, drafted the Fundamental Orders

question

Fundamental Orders

answer

The constitution of the Connecticut River colony drawn up in 1639, it established a government controlled in democratic style by the "substantial" citizens.

question

Pequot War

answer

1637 The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot, result of competition for Dutch trade and friction over land boundaries; pequot virtually wiped out

question

Metacom

answer

Chief of the Wampanoag Indians who led an attack on villages throughout New England. This was the largest conflict in 1675, called King Phillip's War (he was nicknamed "King Phillip")

question

King Phillip's War

answer

an attack on villages throughout New England in an effort to drive out the English. This was the largest conflict in 1675, led by Metacom

question

proprietors

answer

persons given large areas of land by a charter from the king

question

Maryland

answer

Founded by Lord Baltimore, safe haven for Catholics, created the Act of Toleration

question

Lord Baltimore

answer

1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.

question

Toleration Act

answer

act that allowed freedom of worship for all Christians in Maryland, kept peace between Catholics and Protestants

question

Charleston

answer

1690 - The first permanent settlement in the Carolinas, named in honor of King Charles II. Much of the population were Huguenot (French Protestant) refugees.

question

New Amsterdam

answer

a settlement established by the Dutch, captured by the English and renamed New York

question

New Sweden

answer

was established in 1638, taken over by New Netherlands (the Dutch) in 1655 and encompassed southern NJ, parts of PA and Delaware

question

Duke of York

answer

- Charles II gave the entire area between Connecticut and Maryland to his brother. This created a problem with the Dutch who occupied this area. In 1664 English forces capture New Amsterdam without a fight and the rest of the Dutch settlements soon followed. He gave New jersey to Lord Berkely and Sir George Carteret.

question

Quakers

answer

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preach a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania

question

William Penn

answer

Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718)

question

Holy Experiment

answer

William Penn's title for his colony in Pennsylvania, dealt fairly with Indians, freedom of religion

question

Columbian Exchange

answer

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

question

Why English settlers came to North America

answer

For religious freedom, more land and more economic opportunities

question

Spanish accomplishments in opening the New World to exploration

answer

Spain was the first to seize the opportunities (for labor, land and goods) created by the New World. They continually funded more explorations. The conquistadores destroy native populations. Spanish explorers are the first to discover and colonize much of the Americas (especially the southern end)

question

Evaluate Mass. Bay's role as the center of English settlements

answer

a democratic Puritan settlement, many Puritans came here during the Great Migration, many more colonies were created around it, original home of Williams and Hutchinson, first example of major Puritan colony

question

Requirements of successful colonization

answer

peaceful relationship with the natives, knowledge of the land and its benefits, knowledge of how to work the land, good/strict leadership, cultural/religious acceptance

Essay about APUSH Chapter 1 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards