EDT 190 – Flashcards
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Which of the following statements best describes beginning teachers' beliefs about their teaching ability?
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Beginning teachers are confident about their teaching ability when they begin, but their confidence decreases when they encounter the realities of classroom life.
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Which of the following statements best describes beginning teachers' expectations about their abilities to help children learn?
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Beginning teachers expect their confidence in their abilities to help children learn to increase as they gain experience.
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Which of the following statements best describes beginning teachers' beliefs about how they will learn to be effective teachers?
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Beginning teachers believe that they will learn most of what they need to know about becoming an effective teacher when they get into full-time experiences in classrooms.
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Of the following, which is the most accurate description of beginning teachers' beliefs about what makes a teacher effective?
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The most effective teachers are those able to most clearly explain the content they teach to their students.
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Which of the following statements best describes the importance of knowledge of content (such as knowledge of history) in being an effective teacher?
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Knowledge of content is one of the essential kinds of knowledge that effective teachers possess.
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Which of the following statements best describes the number of new teachers who leave the profession by the end of their second year of teaching?
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About a fourth of new teachers leave the profession by their second year.
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Which of the following statements best describes the number of new teachers who leave the profession within their first five years?
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About four of 10 new teachers leave the profession within the first five years.
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The "process by which a state evaluates the credentials of prospective teachers to ensure that they meet the state's professional standards" is best described as:
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teacher licensure.
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A shorter route to teaching for those who already possess a bachelor's degree best describes which of the following?
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Alternative licensure
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Which of the following percentages best describes the number of new teachers who enter the profession through alternative licensure?
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25%
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The attitudes, values, customs, and behavior that characterize a social group is best described as:
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culture.
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A person's ancestry and the way individuals identify themselves with the nation from which they or their ancestors came is best described as:
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ethnicity.
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Pedro is a boy living in a small Mexican village. Every day he rises early, for he must walk the two miles to his school. He has breakfast of beans and bread made from ground corn, leaves the house and begins his trek. He likes the walk for he can wave to his papa toiling daily in the cornfields that provide the food and income for the family. When Pedro comes home from school he often plays soccer with his friends in the village, and after dinner his mother usually plays songs on a guitar while papa sings. The activities Pedro is involved in, such as playing soccer and listening to his mother and father play and sing best illustrate which of the following?
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his culture
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Rafael, a recent immigrant from Mallorca, an island in the Mediterranean off the coast of Spain, is very proud of his Spanish heritage. He usually speaks Spanish at home and loves evenings and weekends where he basks in the laid back, relaxed lifestyle and lack of concern about time that are characteristic of the way he grew up. However, he never misses school, turns in all his assignments, and is always on time for school and his classes. Rafael's Spanish heritage and identification with Mallorca best describes his:
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ethnicity
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Which of the following statements illustrates the relationship between culture and ethnicity?
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ethnicity is a part of culture.
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Which of the following is not a component of ethnicity?
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socioeconomic status
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According to research, which of the following is the most likely perception of cultural minorities who are alienated from school?
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They feel like they are neither welcome nor do they belong in school.
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Of the following, the most effective strategy for helping reduce or eliminate the effects of resistance cultures is to:
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expose students to role models that have succeeded while retaining the characteristics of the minority culture.
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Researchers have attempted to understand the high success rates of Southeast Asian students who have been in the United States a relatively short period of time. Of the following, which is the most accurate description of the researchers' findings?
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The researchers found that the families of these children placed heavy emphasis on the importance of education and hard work.
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Ann Henderson states to her 2nd graders, "All right everyone, let's put our math papers away now." Don, a white student, puts his math materials away, while Daron, an African American student, does not. If the students' are typical of behavioral patterns for white and African American students, according to research, which of the following is the most likely explanation?
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Daron is more likely to "misread" Mrs. Henderson's directive, not interpreting it as a command than is Don.
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"An organization with established structures and rules designed to promote certain goals" best describes a:
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social institution.
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Of the following, which is a social institution?
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A city government
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From the perspective of meeting learning goals for students, which of the following is the most accurate definition of schools?
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Social institutions designed to promote students' growth and development
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"An administrative unit within a geographical area given the responsibility for education within its borders" is best described as a:
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school district
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Individual schools in a county are part of larger organizational frameworks called:
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districts
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The person(s) given the ultimate responsibility for a school's operation is/are the:
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principal
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The people responsible for the day-to-day operation of schools are the:
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administrators.
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Support staff best describes which of the following?
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media center specialist
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Of the following, leaders' decisions about organizing schools (such as organizing middle schools into grades 6, 7, and 8) are most commonly based on:
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the developmental characteristics of students and economics (such as the cost of schools).
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9 "What teachers teach and what students (hopefully) learn," best describes:
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the school's curriculum.
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With respect to education, which of the following best describes the significance of the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution?
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It assigned legal responsibility for the education of its citizens to the fifty states.
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Which of the following statements best describes the similarities and differences in states' approaches to governing education?
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In spite of their differences in geography, economy, and politics, each of the fifty states has a surprisingly similar organizational structure.
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A geographical area given the legal responsibility for education within its borders is best described as a:
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school district
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Which of the following is given the responsibility for determining the curriculum that will be taught at an individual school?
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The local school district in which the curriculum is taught
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According to research, which is the most accurate assessment of for-profit (designed to make money for the people managing the school) charter schools?
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The educational experiences they provide for students are generally inferior to the experiences students have in public schools.
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Of the following, what is the best description of a local school board?
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Groups of elected lay citizens responsible for setting school district policy
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Which of the following is not a function of local school boards?
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Specifying teaching techniques that increase student achievement
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Which of the following best describes vouchers?
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Financial support that parents can use to purchase educational services at schools other than the ones their children are attending
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Which of the following best describes state tax credit plans?
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Tax credits parents receive for money they've spent on private school tuition
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"The ultimate form of school choice" is best described as which of the following?
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home schooling
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Of the following, what is the best definition of a professional?
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A person able to make decisions in ill-defined situations
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Of the following, which best describes laws that regulate the rights and responsibilities of teachers?
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They are purposely written in general terms so they can be applied to a variety of specific situations.
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Of the following, which best describes an important limitation of laws that regulate the rights and responsibilities of teachers?
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The laws are written in response to problems in the past, so they don't necessarily apply to situations that exist today.
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Which of the following is the best definition of ethics?
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Principles used to decide whether or not acts are right or wrong
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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between teachers' legal responsibilities and their ethical responsibilities?
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Legal responsibilities describe what teachers must do (such as protecting students' safety), whereas ethical responsibilities describe what teachers should do (such as objectively presenting both sides of a controversial issue).
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Which of the following statements best describes codes of ethics in different professions?
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All professions have codes of ethics that are designed to guide practitioners and protect clients.
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As a new teacher, you realize that both your legal rights and responsibilities and codes of ethics are limited because they provide only general guidelines for your professional practice. Of the following, what is the most effective and practical process you can use to accommodate the general nature of laws and ethics?
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Know as many of the laws that apply to education as possible and keep your code of ethics handy as a reference.
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You have signed a contract to teach in a local school district, and later you decide that you want to take another job in a different state. Which of the following best describes your legal obligations?
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You are legally bound by the contract, and in many states you could lose your license for breaking the contract.
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Which of the following best describes your legal obligations to perform non-teaching duties (such as sponsor a debate club or coach an athletic team) as part of your teaching job?
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You are legally obligated to perform non-teaching duties specified by your local district's policies if the duties are connected to your teaching assignment (such as a science teacher being required to be a science club sponsor
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A first-year teacher in your school is not being offered a contract for her second year because the school enrollments have gone down, and the teaching staff is being reduced. Which of the following best describes the teacher's legal rights?
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In some states a hearing will be required, but in most states the teacher can be dismissed without a hearing.
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Which of the following statements best describes curriculum?
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Learning goals and the reasons the goals have been selected
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Which of the following best describes instruction?
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The ways teachers help students reach learning goals
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Which of the following best describes the explicit curriculum?
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What students learn that is found in their textbooks
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Which of the following best describes the implicit curriculum?
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What students learn as communicated by the way teachers interact with them
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Whenever Calvin Green's students are unable to answer in question and answer sessions, he prompts them until they can give an acceptable answer. "I want them to learn that being uncertain is all a part of the learning process," Calvin explains. Learning that "being uncertain is all part of the learning process," best illustrates the:
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implicit curriculum
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If you make decisions about using textbooks based on research examining their effective use, which of the following is your best decision?
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You should cover some of the topics in detail, de-emphasize or eliminate others, and add topics you feel are important.
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Which of the following is the best description of censorship?
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The process of not allowing the use of certain books or ideas in the school curriculum
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Which of the following is the most accurate description of the character education versus moral education debate?
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Both agree that education in morality is needed, but they differ in what they believe the goals and methods of instruction should be.
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Of the following, which statement best describes the way professional organizations (such as the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics) influence curriculum?
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Professional organizations publish standards which students are expected to meet.
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Reading, writing, and math are the most strongly emphasized areas of the curriculum in elementary schools. Of the following, which is the most likely reason for this emphasis?
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Reading, writing, and math are the areas in which students are most commonly tested.
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Which of the following best describes a productive learning environment?
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A classroom environment that is orderly and focuses on learning.
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Three of the following statements are reasons why effective classroom management is so important. Which one is not a reason?
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Policymakers' concerns about the achievement of minority students
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Of the following, which is typically beginning teachers' greatest concern?
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Their ability to manage their classrooms
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Which of the following is not an outcome of effective management?
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Greater obedience and conformity
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The description: "Actions teachers take to create an environment that supports and facilitates both academic and social-emotional learning," best describes:
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classroom management
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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between classroom management and effective instruction?
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Classroom management and effective instruction are interdependent; it is virtually impossible to effectively teach in a chaotic classroom, and orderly classrooms are virtually impossible if instruction is ineffective.
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Which of the following statements best describes the difference between classroom procedures and classroom rules?
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Classroom procedures describe routines to be followed, whereas classroom rules describe standards for acceptable behavior.
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Research indicates that classroom management is most effective when interventions are as brief and unobtrusive as possible. Based on this research, which is the least intrusive intervention for a minor infraction, such as a student briefly whispering to another student?
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Use an indirect cue, such a moving near the student.
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In the case of a serious management problem, such as two students fighting, which of the following should be your immediate reaction?
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Stop the fight, if possible.
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Without any announcement from the teacher, students come into class, take their seats, take out their workbooks, and begin working exercises written on the chalkboard. The aspect of classroom management illustrated in this description is best described as:
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effective use of classroom procedures.
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According to professional surveys, which of the following are the two most important reasons people give for choosing to teach?
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Working with young people and contributing to society
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You're a third grade teacher. Of the following, the best example of an extrinsic reward is likely to be:
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receiving a salary supplement for being the grade chairperson in your school for third grade.
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Which of the following best describes teacher work schedules?
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They're extrinsic rewards in teaching.
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Teachers often work with 25 or 30 or more students. Which aspect of classroom complexity does this best illustrate
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multidimensional
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Of the following, which is the most important teacher role?
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creating productive learning environments
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Which of the following is the best label for the description: "A developing aspect of teaching characterized by a specialized body of knowledge, emphasis on decision making and reflection, autonomy, and ethical standards for conduct?"
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professionalism
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An understanding of instruction and management that transcends individual topics or subject matter areas is best described as:
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general pedagogical knowledge.
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Problem solving in ill-defined situations based on professional knowledge is best described as demonstrating:
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knowledge of the profession
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"Suggested changes in teaching and teacher preparation intended to increase the amount students learn" are best described as:
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reforms
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Which of the following is best described by the definition, "A provision of No Child Left Behind that requires students to show demonstrated progress in statewide tests toward meeting state standards?"
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Adequate yearly progress
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In America, at this point in history, the institution primarily responsible for meeting the needs of young people and helping them adapt to the world is the:
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family
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The "traditional" American family-a father who is the primary breadwinner, a mother who stays at home, and two school-aged children now makes up what percentage of the households in the United States?
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less than 10%
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Families headed by married couples now make up about what percent of all households in the United States?
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slightly more than 65%
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Of the following, which percentage best describes the number of students you will have who come from single-parent families?
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30%
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Which of the following statements best describes the implications for teachers of the changing American family?
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Parents spend more time working away from home than parents have spent in the past, so teachers will need to be more flexible in reaching out to families.
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Of the following, which best describes the income defined by the federal government as the poverty line for a family of four?
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Approximately $20,000 in family income per year.
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When researchers and leaders express concern for children's safety, lack of supervision, excessive amounts of time watching television, and lack of support for school work, they are most likely describing which of the following?
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latchkey children
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Of the following, which statement most accurately describes the characteristics of students most likely to use alcohol and other drugs?
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Low achievers are more likely than high achievers to use alcohol and other drugs, because drug use is associated with other risk factors, such as low SES and family instability.
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Which of the following best describes people with low incomes who continually struggle with economic problems?
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underclass
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Which of the following statements best describes the lower socioeconomic class in the United States?
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The lower SES class makes up about 20% of the U. S. population, and the percentage is increasing.
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Of the following, what is the best definition of development?
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The changes that occur in students as a result of maturation and experience.
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Of the following, which is the best definition of cognitive development?
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Changes in learners' ability to consider the world from others' perspectives
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A first-grade teacher demonstrates that air takes up space by pushing an inverted drink cup into a fish bowl of water. The students see that the cup doesn't fill with water. Natalie explains that water doesn't go into the cup because "the cup is tipped over." Euchica says, "My dad and I were in the swimming pool, and when he tipped the cup, some air got out and water got in, but if he didn't tip the cup, no water could get in." Which of the following conclusions is most valid?
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Euchica is more "developed" than Natalie, because she made a conclusion based on her background experience.
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Of the following, which best describes how teachers influence students' cognitive development?
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Teachers most strongly influence cognitive development with the kinds of experiences they provide for students.
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Students' changing conceptions of right and wrong best describes which of the following?
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moral development
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The statement, "the ability to learn, to deal with abstractions, and to solve problems," most closely relates to a description of:
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intelligence
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Using Gardner's theory of intelligence, in which of the following dimensions would sales people be most likely to score highly?
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interpersonal intelligence
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Which of the following would be Gardner's primary criticism of existing intelligence tests?
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They ignore certain important dimensions.
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We have all met people who seem to be very adept at getting along with other people, even though our perception is that they are only modestly "bright." Which of the following provides the most valid explanation for this phenomenon?
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Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that the eight different intelligences are relatively independent.
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According to Piaget, the stage of moral development in which individuals view rules as fixed and permanent and enforced by authority figures is defined as:
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external morality
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Which of the following is the best definition of effective teaching?
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Teaching that maximizes learning for all students
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Which of the following is the best description of motivation?
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The energizing force behind student learning
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Of the following, extrinsic motivation is best described as:
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motivation to complete a task to receive some incentive.
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Which of the following is the best description of intrinsic motivation?
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Motivation to engage in an activity for its own sake
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Which of the following is not true of motivated students?
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They learn content almost effortlessly.
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Of the following, which is the best definition of assessment?
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The process teachers use to gather information and make decisions about students' learning progress
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Which of the following best describes essential teaching skills?
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The abilities that all teachers, including those in their first year of teaching, should have in order to help students learn
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Which of the following is the best description of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
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.The phenomenon that occurs when students adjust their efforts to meet teacher expectations
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Research suggests that ideally wait-time should be approximately:
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between 3 and 5 seconds.
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Melinda wants to help her students understand the concept of velocity. She provides a large number of toy cars and small ramps and scales, stopwatches and rulers for her students so that they can work to find patterns. Melinda then questions the students as a group and they come to a description of the patterns that emerged. Of the following, the Melinda's approach could best be described as:
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guided discovery.
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The process teachers use to gather information and make decisions about their students' learning and development is best described as:
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classroom assessment
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Of the following, which is the best explanation for why classroom assessment is so important?
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It helps teachers determine how much each student has learned.
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Assessment instruments given to large samples of students under uniform conditions and scored according to uniform procedures are best described as:
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standardized tests
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The process of continually gathering incidental information about learning progress as teachers interact with their students, and making decisions based on that information, is best described as:
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informal assessment
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Giving a test or quiz for the purpose of gathering information and providing feedback, but not for assigning grades is called:
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formative assessment
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Being certain that your measurements are consistent with your goals most strongly affects which of the following?
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The validity of your assessment
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Historically, assessment has been used at the end of a unit or course of study to determine the amount that students have learned. More recent conceptions view assessment as a process designed to support and increase student learning. Which of the following best describes the comparison between the historical view and the more recent conception?
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The historical view describes assessment of learning, and the more recent conception describes assessment for learning.
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Standardized assessments that states and districts use to determine whether students will advances from one grade to another, graduate from high school, or have access to specific fields of study best describe which of the following?
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high-stakes tests
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Of the following, in which content areas are high-stakes tests most commonly administered?
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reading and math
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Jeremy, a fourth grader responds to an assessment, which is given once a year. His performance will determine whether or not he is promoted to the 5th grade. Of the following, which is the best description of the assessment Jeremy is taking?
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It is a high-stakes test.
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According to professional surveys, which of the following are the two most important reasons people give for choosing to teach?
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Working with young people and contributing to society
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Which of the following is closest to the average yearly teacher salary in the United States?
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$50,000
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Understanding the social, historical, philosophical, organizational, and legal aspects of teaching, together with the ability and inclination to continue to learn, is best described as:
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knowledge of the profession
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Jana Juarez illustrates dominant and recessive genes by playing two radios simultaneously. The students can hear one but not the other. As Jana questions the students, she reminds them that both radios are playing, but the sound of one drowns out the other.
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pedagogical content knowledge.
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Kevin is a very difficult student. In spite of using every technique you know, you have difficulty in preventing him from disrupting your class. In response to describing your frustration with him, Jack, one of your colleagues says, "I hate doing it, but sometimes we have no choice. You simply have to put him down. I had him last year, and embarrassing him was the only thing that worked. You may have to go that far." Of the following, what is the best assessment of Jack's suggestion?
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His suggestion is not consistent with teachers' professional code of ethics, since the code says that a teacher "shall not intentionally expose the student to embarrassment."
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We best describe teachers who are "thoughtful, analytical, and even self-critical about their teaching" as:
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reflective.
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Which of the following best describes the diversity across our country?
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Diversity is increasing in every state in the nation.
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"Focusing curriculum and instruction on predetermined criteria" best describes:
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standards-based education
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Which of the following is the best description of the No Child Left Behind Act?
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It is an accountability reform sponsored by the federal government.
