question

Control center of the cell; contains information passed to offspring

answer

Nucleus

question

Surrounds the cell membrane; provides structure, support, and rigidity (firmness)

answer

Cell Wall

question

Encloses the cell; regulates the flow of the materials in and out of the cell, is made up of Lipids and Proteins

answer

Cell Membrane

question

Watery material that fills most of the cell; site of biochemical reactions

answer

Cytoplasm

question

Site of protein synthesis, Where proteins are made

answer

Ribosomes

question

Transports materials inside the cell

answer

Endoplasmic Reticulum

question

Modifies and sorts molecules made by other organelles, and distributes them to where they are needed

answer

Golgi Apparatus

question

Aids in the import and export of molecules

answer

Vesicles

question

Digests food and recycles organelles

answer

Lysosomes

question

Store water, nutrients, and other materials; support plant cells

answer

Vacuoles

question

Site of cellular respiration. It takes in nutrients, breaks them down and creates energy for the cell. The powerhouse of the cell.

answer

Mitochondria

question

Involved in cell division. Is a small set of microtubules.

answer

Centrioles

question

Site of photosynthesis... is found only in plant cells and some protists. The food producers of the cell.

answer

Chloroplast

question

A type of cell that contains a nucleus

answer

Eukaryotic Cell

question

A type of cell that does not contain (have) a nucleus

answer

Prokaryotic Cell

question

Tiny structures inside a cell that carry out the processes of life (parts of the cell)

answer

Organelles

question

The basic unit of structure and function in all organisms. It is the smallest biological form of life.

answer

Cell

question

The membrane surrounding the nucleus

answer

Nuclear Membrane

question

Organism made up of a single cell

answer

Unicellular Organism

question

Organism made up of multiple cells

answer

Multicellular Organism

question

The sister chromatids (two identical strands) are joined at a central point called the _________________.

answer

Centromere

question

_________________ involves an increase in the size or complexity of an organism.

answer

Growth

question

A continuous process in which cells grow, make copies of their chromosomes and divide to form daughter cells.

answer

Cell Cycle

question

What is a type of asexual reproduction in which the parent splits in two to from two identical daughter cells?

answer

Binary Fission

question

What structures are composed of DNA and proteins and are located in the nucleus of a cell?

answer

Chromosomes

question

What are the fours phases of Mitosis in order?

answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

question

Phase of Mitosis where the chromosomes condense and spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids. The Primary Phase.

answer

Prophase

question

Phase of Mitosis do the spindle fibers move the sister chromatids to the center/Middle of the cell in a line

answer

Metaphase

question

Phase of Mitosis where the spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids APART at their centromeres and duplicate the parent chromosome

answer

Anaphase

question

Phase of Mitosis where the spindle fibers disappear and new nuclear membranes and two new nuclei form around the chromosomes (Two daughter cells)

answer

Telophase

question

A type of reproduction that only involves one parent organism.

answer

Asexual Reproduction

question

A type of reproduction that involves two parent organisms.

answer

Sexual Reproduction

question

What are the three phases of the Cell Cycle?

answer

Interphase, Mitosis. Cytokinesis

question

The part of the cell cycle where growth takes place and DNA replicates.

answer

Interphase

question

The part of the cell cycle when the cytoplasm divides.

answer

Cytokinesis

question

The part of the cell cycle when the cell's nucleus divides, makes two nuclei each with a set of chromosomes. (Daughter Cells)

answer

Mitosis

question

Allows some materials to pass through it, but blocks other materials

answer

Semipermeable Membrane

question

The ability of cells and organisms to maintain a stable internal environment

answer

Homeostasis

question

The movement of materials INTO and OUT of a cell WITHOUT using energy

answer

Passive Transport

question

The movement of molecules THROUGH the cell membrane AGAINST a concentration gradient where energy is required.

answer

Active Transport

question

Diffusion and Osmosis are two types of ________________ Transport.

answer

Passive

question

The movement of molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration until the molecules are EVENLY SPREAD distributed (Crowded to less crowded)

answer

Diffusion

question

The diffusion of WATER across a semipermeable membrane, can cause water to flow in or out to cause a cell to shrink or swell

answer

Osmosis

question

The diffusion of molecules across a membrane with the aid of a channel protein. (PROTEIN HELPS)

answer

Facilitated Diffusion

question

A ______________ is any change that a cell or organism reacts to.

answer

Stimulus

question

A ________________ is a reaction to a stimulus.

answer

Response

question

In what organelle is DNA found?

answer

Nucleic Acid

question

Genetic Information (info passed on from one generation to the next) is stored in the cells _________________.

answer

Nucleic Acid

question

Nucleic acids are assembled from units of _________________.

answer

Nucleotides

question

A nucleic acid called deoxyribonucleic acid is also known as ______________.

answer

DNA

question

A nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid is also known as _______.

answer

RNA

question

A biochemical catalyst that makes chemical reactions within cells possible, or SPEEDS THEM UP by lowering the activation energy.

answer

Enzyme

question

The reactants that are affected by enzymes in enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

answer

Substrates

question

Substrates bind to a part of the enzyme called an _____________________.

answer

Active Site

question

Which macro molecule is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and small amounts of sulfur that make our bodies stronger with structural support, sends messages by transporting substances, and makes hormones.

answer

Proteins

question

A building block of Protein that contains a compound whose molecule contains at least one amino group and one carboxyl group. Proteins are made up of chains of these.

answer

Amino Acid

question

The bond that holds two amino acids together

answer

Peptide bond

question

Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and store food energy until needed (Fats)

answer

Lipids

question

Lipids that act as chemical messengers

answer

Steroids

question

Macromolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio. (Sugars)

answer

Carbohydrates

question

What are some examples of Carbohydrates?

answer

Cellulose, Glucose, Sucrose, Fructose, Starches.

question

The disappearance (no longer on earth/all gone) of a species or larger group of organisms.

answer

Extinction

question

The deaths of so many species, 65 million years ago is an example of ___________________.

answer

Mass Extinction

question

A place where an organism lives.

answer

Habitat

question

The gradual change of the species and structure of a community or ecosystem following a disturbance is called a ______________________.

answer

Succession

question

When living things repopulate an area.

answer

Ecological Succession

question

Follows a disturbance that destroys all living things and soil in an area. Ex. After a volcano MUST START NEW

answer

Pioneer Succession

question

Follows a disturbance that has wiped out most living things in an area, but not destroyed, covered, or removed the soil. Ex. after a Hurricane blows down trees, leaving soil behind

answer

Secondary Succession

question

The first organisms to return to an area after a disturbance.

answer

Pioneer Species

question

The ecosystem reaches a stage in which it does not change much

answer

Climax Community

question

Burning _______________ causes acid rain

answer

Fossil Fuels

question

A __________________ shows the flow of energy from one organism to the next organism

answer

Food Chain

question

A ___________________ shows the interconnected network of food chains within an ecosystem.

answer

Food Web

question

An organism that makes it's own food, gets its energy from the sun. Ex. plants, green algae, and some bacteria

answer

Producer or Autotroph

question

An organism that gets its food by eating other organisms. Ex. all animals, many protists, and some bacteria

answer

Consumer or Heterotroph

question

Gets its energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms. Ex. Most fungi and many bacteria

answer

Decomposer

question

Scientists show the energy loss between trophic levels in an ecosystem

answer

Energy Pyramid

question

Each higher trophic level contains ______________ organisms.

answer

Fewer

question

Secondary consumers that feed only or mainly on animals. (Eat Meat)

answer

Carnivores

question

Primary consumers that feed only or almost entirely on plants are called

answer

Herbivores

question

Consumers that eat both plants and animals.

answer

Omnivores

question

Adenosine Triphosphate is an organic compound that transfers energy within the cell.

answer

ATP

question

Adenosine Diphosphate is a chemical that plays an important role in energy transfer

answer

ADP

question

Chemical Cycle in which ATP is transformed into ADP and vice versa

answer

ATP-ADP Cycle

question

A process that releases energy in the cell by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen (break down food for energy)

answer

Cellular Respiration

question

Process that REQUIRES OXYGEN

answer

Aerobic Process

question

Process that splits glucose.

answer

Glycolysis

question

Series of chemical reactions where pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide

answer

Krebs Cycle

question

Glycolysis makes _____________ molecules per glucose molecule

answer

2 ATP

question

The Krebs Cycle and high energy electrons produce _________________ molecules

answer

36 ATP

question

A process that does NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN

answer

Anaerobic Respiration

question

What is a product of cellular respiration?

answer

Carbon Dioxide and Water

question

In Light DEPENDENT REACTIONS in photosynthesis, chlorophyll: __________ require LIGHT. (Does or Does Not)

answer

Does

question

Carbon Dioxide + Water --> (light energy) --> Glucose + Oxygen

answer

Formula for Photosynthesis

question

The process by which plants, algae, and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight to make food.

answer

Photosynthesis

question

Reflects green light to give the plants green pigment.

answer

Chlorophyll

question

(Uses) Glucose + Oxygen --> (Makes) Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

answer

Cellular Respiration

question

What are the reactants of Photosynthesis (What does it create)?

answer

Glucose and Oxygen

question

In Light INDEPENDENT or dark REACTIONS the reactions ____________ require light. (Do/Don't)

answer

Don't

question

Involves the movements of ORGANIC and INORGANIC chemicals through the lithosphere

answer

Biochemical Cycles

question

Places where various chemicals are stored (saved) and from which they are recycled

answer

Reservoirs

question

The continuous (constant) movement of WATER through reservoirs in the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. (Ex. Evaporation and transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff) What cycle is this?

answer

Water Cycle

question

The changing of a liquid to a gas.

answer

Evaporation

question

The movement of water from plants into the air, usually through openings in their leaves

answer

Transpiration

question

Change of a water vapor to a liquid.

answer

Condensation

question

Hydroelectric dams create ______________.

answer

Energy

question

The continuous movement of nitrogen through each of Earth's systems is the _________________ _________________.

answer

Nitrogen Cycle

question

What is a key element in organisms and makes up 78% of Earths atmosphere?

answer

Nitrogen

question

___________ provide most of the food and energy for all living things, including humans. So if _________ are harmed, animals are harmed too.

answer

Plants

question

Continuous movement of CARBON and OXYGEN through all of Earth's systems is the ________________.

answer

Carbon Oxygen Cycle

question

What is responsible for converting gaseous nitrogen into nitrates and ammonia?

answer

Bacteria

question

Process by which two species each evolve in response to changes in the other.

answer

Coevolution

question

Any structure or behavior that increases an organism's chance of survival is known as an _________________.

answer

Adaption

question

A _____________ adaption is something an animal does that helps it survive.

answer

Behavioral

question

A ________________ adaption is an adaption that is related to how an animals body WORKS.

answer

Functional

question

A ______________________ is an adaption that is related to a plants or animals FORM or STRUCTURE

answer

Structural Adaption

question

Region of Earth that supports life

answer

Biosphere

question

The number of individuals of the same species living in a given area

answer

Population Density

question

An organism's role in its environment

answer

Niche

question

______________ factors are all the LIVING things in the environment and their effects on the organism

answer

Biotic Factors

question

________________ factors are the NONLIVING things that affect an organism, such as light, water, soil and climate

answer

Abiotic Factors

question

The movement of organisms INTO an area

answer

Immigration

question

The movement of organisms OUT of an area

answer

Emigration

question

When a population doubles at a regular rate it is called

answer

Exponential growth

question

Density- _______________ limiting factors are a limiting factor that has more of an effect on large or crowded populations.

answer

Dependent

question

Density _____________ limiting factors are a limiting factor that limits the growth of a population regardless of its size

answer

Independent

question

In ______________ one species, the predator, hunts and eats another, the prey

answer

Predation

question

The largest population that an environment can support over a long period of time.

answer

Carrying Capacity

question

A product of the environment that is used by humans or other organisms

answer

Natural Resource

question

Resources that can be replaced through natural processes. Examples: Air, Soil, Water, Trees

answer

Renewable resources

question

A resource that CANNOT be replaced by natural processes at least as fast as they are used. Examples: Coal, Oil, Metals, Marble, Gold

answer

Nonrenewable resources

question

One way to conserve vital resources such as land, forests, fisheries, air, freshwater. Examples: Plowing land to prevent erosion, conserving water, and replanting forests with a variety of trees

answer

Sustainable Development

question

Process that completely clears forests

answer

Deforestation

question

Changes productive, fertile land into a desert.

answer

Desertification

question

A large molecule found in a cell's nucleus that directs the assembly (making) of proteins in the cell. It also determines what traits are inherited or passed down from one generation to the next.

answer

DNA

question

One of the chemical building blocks of a nucleic acid, it is made up of a phosphate, the sugar deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base. Contains either adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine. BUILDING BLOCKS OF DNA

answer

Nucleotide

question

Adenine only pairs with _________.

answer

Thymine

question

Cytosine only pairs with _________.

answer

Guanine

question

The copying of DNA during cell division is called ____________________. The strands of DNA separate from one another.

answer

DNA Replication

question

If one side of a DNA molecule reads ATGCCGT what would the complementary side read?

answer

TACGGCA

question

If one side of a DNA molecule reads TAGCCGA what would the complementary side read?

answer

ATCGGCT

question

DNA replication provides New Cells with a complete and identical copy of __________________.

answer

Genetic Material

question

Proteins are assembled on _______________ which are organelles found in the cytoplasm

answer

Ribosomes

question

The nucleic acid __________ (ribonucleic acid) carries information from the DNA to the ribosomes and uses it to make proteins.

answer

RNA

question

RNA has a _____________ strand of nucleotides, rather than a pair of strands like DNA.

answer

Single

question

RNA has a ____________ base and not thymine. ___________ pairs with ADENINE in RNA.

answer

Uracil (U)

question

RNA nucleotides contain the _____________________ ribose rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA

answer

Five Carbon Sugar

question

Transfer RNA tRNA, Messenger RNA mRNA, Ribosomal RNA rRNA are the three main types of ________.

answer

RNA

question

Copies a molecule of DNA into a complementary strand of RNA

answer

Transcription

question

The entire process of constructing proteins is known as _____________________.

answer

Protein Synthesis

question

When the information is decoded and used to arrange amino acids into proteins. (info is translated from nucleotides to amino acids)

answer

Translation

question

DD or Dd is (dominant or recessive)

answer

Dominant

question

dd is (dominant or recessive)

answer

Recessive

question

Human Gametes are the same thing as ________ cells.

answer

Sex

question

The passing of traits to the next generation is _____________.

answer

Heredity

question

Human body cells have _______________ chromosomes

answer

46

question

Each parent contributes 1 allele to a trait, like hair color.

answer

True

question

Another word for Hybrid is _____________________. Examples are ________________.

answer

Heterozygous, Tt, Ss, Mm

question

Another word for Purebred is _____________. Examples are ____________.

answer

Homozygous, TT, tt, SS

question

TT, DD, ss, MM, nn are (Purebred or Hybrid)

answer

Purebred

question

Ss, Nn, Ii are (Purebred or Hybrid)

answer

Hybrid

question

Reproduction that can happen with one organism, produces identical (exactly the same) offspring (Mitosis)

answer

Asexual Reproduction

question

Reproduction where there must be two organisms (man and woman)

answer

Sexual Reproduction

question

________________ are made of DNA (our genetic information)

answer

Chromosomes

question

Word meaning from Father

answer

Paternal

question

Word meaning from Mother

answer

Maternal

question

DD is (Homozygous or Heterozygous)

answer

Homozygous

question

nn is (Homozygous or Heterozygous)

answer

Homozygous

question

Ss is (Homozygous or Heterozygous)

answer

Heterozygous

Biology EOC Review- Ferrell – Flashcards

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