question

Teacher ratings of classroom disruptive behavior decline for children who

answer

have more than 15 minutes of recess a day.

question

Adoption research confirms that

answer

heredity and environment contribute jointly to IQ.

question

Collections-stamps, coins, baseball cards-become more common in middle childhood because children develop

answer

classification skills.

question

Children usually master uppercase letters before lowercase letters because

answer

their horizontal and vertical motions are easier to control.

question

Gardner's list of abilities has

answer

yet to be firmly grounded in research.

question

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, intrapersonal intelligence involves

answer

knowledge of one's own inner strengths.

question

Gains in __________ permit the transition to rule-oriented games.

answer

perspective taking

question

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence, __________ intelligence reminds us that culture influences perceived intelligence.

answer

practical

question

During middle childhood, children's theory of mind becomes

answer

more elaborate

question

Recent evidence indicates that __________ has/have much to do with mastery of Piagetian tasks.

answer

specific cultural and school practices

question

In inclusive classrooms,

answer

students with learning difficulties learn alongside typical students in a regular educational setting.

question

In Asian countries, where children often excel at both math reasoning and computation, use of __________ helps children grasp place value.

answer

the metric system

question

are voluntarily desegregated.

answer

magnet school

question

When describing an experience, Jeremy uses a short and simple narrative. He describes the experience from beginning to end. Jeremy is using a __________ style.

answer

topic-focused

question

Which of the following children is "gifted" under the standard definition of "giftedness" based on intelligence test performance?

answer

Stephanie, whose IQ is 131

question

Which of the following children is the most likely to experience a higher rate of illness during the school year?

answer

Yvonne, a first grader

question

Which of the following is Aiko, an elementary school student in Japan, likely to experience?

answer

a nationally mandated, high-quality curriculum

question

In order to remember all of the state capitals, Andrew groups them by region. This is an example of which memory strategy?

answer

organization

question

In Mr. Spokerson's classroom, the teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making. Students are relatively passive-listening, responding when called on, and completing teacher-assigned tasks. This is an example of a(n) __________ classroom.

answer

traditional

question

Stimulant medications, the most common treatment for ADHD, reduce activity level and improve attention, academic performance, and peer relations for about _____ percent of the children who take them.

answer

70

question

Which of the following statements about asthma is true?

answer

Although heredity contributes, environmental factors are necessary to spark the illness.

question

vDuring middle childhood, children add about _____ inches in height and _____ pounds in weight each year.

answer

2 to 3;5

question

__________ students typically get more encouragement from teachers.

answer

high-achieving

question

Gains in _______ are evidenced by quicker and more accurate movements in dancing, tag, and soccer.

answer

agility

question

Rates of overweight increase with

answer

age

question

Amber is an obese child. Children like Amber are

answer

often stereotyped as lazy, sloppy, ugly, and stupid.

question

Davie, an African-American student, comes from a low-SES home. According to research on communication styles, which of the following questions is Davie's father likely to ask?

answer

"Did you hear your sister this morning?"

question

In first grade, Caleb began collecting baseball cards. Now that he's older, Caleb spends a great deal of time sorting his cards, arranging them by team, and putting them into albums. Which of Piaget's concepts is Caleb demonstrating?

answer

classification

question

Eleven-year-old Sarah's performance on her state's standardized test is adversely affected by her worries that she, as an African-American student, is not expected to do well on the test. This anxiety she feels is known as

answer

stereotype threat

question

Mario is skilled at tackling difficult problems and coming up with novel solutions. When given a new task, Mario applies information-processing skills in exceptionally effective ways, making these skills automatic so that working memory is freed for more complex aspects of the situation. According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence, Mario would score high in __________ intelligence.

answer

creative

question

Because African-American children often use a __________ style of communication, their narratives are usually longer and more complex than those of white children.

answer

topic-associating

question

Eating an evening meal with parents leads to a diet

answer

higher in fruits, vegetables, grains, and milk products.

question

Research on high-quality education in elementary school indicates that an optimum class size is no larger than _____ children.

answer

18

question

Preschoolers and young school-age children are likely to

answer

include landmarks on the maps they draw.

question

Educational self-fulfilling prophecies

answer

are especially strong when teachers emphasize competition.

question

Many gifted children and adolescents

answer

are socially isolated.

question

Compared with Piaget's theory, Case's neo-Piagetian theory __________ cognitive development.

answer

better accounts for unevenness in

question

When asked to sort cards with pictures that vary in both color and shape, children age 5 and older

answer

can switch their basis of sorting from color to shape when asked to do so.

question

Widespread SES and ethnic segregation in U.S. schools consigns large numbers of low-SES minority students to

answer

a form of schoolwide homogeneous grouping.

question

Research on bilingual development indicates that

answer

children who are fluent in two languages tend to be advanced in cognitive flexibility.

question

Compared to their peers, __________ are at higher risk for developing asthma.

answer

boys

question

consists of an adult introducing purposeful teaching in a testing situation to find out what the child can attain with social support.

answer

Dynamic assessment

question

Although 9-year-old Vivian knows that she should reread a complicated passage in her science book to make sure she understands the information, she instead moves on to the next passage. What does this demonstrate about Vivian's thinking?

answer

Vivian has not yet mastered cognitive self-regulation.

question

Which of the following statements about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is true?

answer

Children with ADHD score 7 to 15 points lower than other children on intelligence tests.

question

Which of the following treatments is the most effective for overweight and obese children?

answer

a family-based intervention

question

In a series of studies, elementary school students were

answer

more attentive in the classroom after recess than before it.

question

The most effective treatment approach for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

answer

combines medication with interventions that model and reinforce appropriate academic and social behavior.

question

Leo and Elaina are both 9 years old. Elaina is likely to outperform Leo in

answer

hopping.

question

Research on learning environments suggests that __________ fosters a strong commitment to learning in Asian families and schools.

answer

emphasis on effort

question

Research confirms that less segregated education

answer

enhances minority student achievement.

question

Which of the following statements about cooperative learning is true?

answer

Western children who are trained in cooperative learning give clearer explanations and enjoy learning more than children who lack such training.

question

Research indicated that __________ relationship exists between stressful life experiences and psychological disturbance in childhood.

answer

a modest

question

organize on the basis of proximity and similarity

answer

peer groups

question

During the school years, friendships

answer

contribute to the development of trust and sensitivity.

question

Which of the following statements about gender identity and behavior is true?

answer

Girls are more androgynous than boys.

question

Which of the following statements about the immediate consequences of divorce is true?

answer

In mother-custody families, boys are at slightly greater risk for serious adjustment problems.

question

__________ skills are crucial for developing a self-concept based on personality traits.

answer

perspective taking

question

Which of the following statements about the impact of ethnic and political violence on children is true?

answer

When war and social crises are temporary, most children do not show long-term emotional difficulties.

question

Which of the following statements about moral development is true?

answer

School-age children regard violations of purposeful social conventions as closer to moral transgressions.

question

Faced with conflicting moral and personal concerns, fourth graders typically

answer

decide in favor of kindness and fairness.

question

Children in blended families

answer

often view steprelatives as intruders.

question

When compared to children with siblings, only children

answer

are higher in self esteem

question

Research indicates that resilience

answer

is a capacity that develops.

question

Eight-year-old Michaela helps her father do the dishes after dinner and folds laundry for her mother. According to Erikson, Michaela

answer

is gaining a sense of industry.

question

Wendi feels very good about herself. She has a high self-esteem. Wendi's parents probably use a(n) __________ child-rearing style.

answer

authoritative

question

After school, 10-year-old Kaylie looks after herself for one to two hours until her mom gets home from work. Kaylie is

answer

more likely to live in a higher- than a lower-income neighborhood.

question

About one-third of children with school phobia

answer

are afraid of maternal separation.

question

Which of the following personality traits do children regard as "masculine"?

answer

rational

question

About __________ percent of youths have experienced "cyberbullying" through text messages, e-mail, chat rooms, or other electronic tools.

answer

20 to 40

question

Most cases of child sexual abuse are reported in

answer

middle childhood

question

Today, more than __________ of U.S. mothers with school-age children are employed.

answer

three-fourths

question

Child rearing becomes easier during middle childhood for those parents who established a(n) __________ style during the early years.

answer

authoritative

question

__________ coping is internal, private, and aimed at controlling distress when little can be done about an outcome.

answer

Emotion-centered

question

In middle childhood, the self-conscious emotions of __________ and __________ become clearly governed by personal responsibility.

answer

pride; guilt

question

Which of the following emerges first?

answer

in group favoritism

question

At any given time, __________ of U.S. children live in single-parent households.

answer

one-fourth

question

When 9-year-old Lataesha's best friend is angry with her, Lataesha decides to call her friend to talk about the issue. Lataesha is engaging in

answer

problem centered coping

question

As a typical fourth grader, Isaac's "masculine" personality traits have begun to

answer

strengthen

question

At school, Shawn is often involved in physical and relational conflicts with peers and has problems sitting still and paying attention during class time. Which of the following types of peer acceptance likely characterizes Shawn?

answer

rejected aggressive

question

Ten-year-old Anton scored low on the latest homework assignment in one of his classes. If Anton uses emotion-centered coping, how is he likely to handle the poor score?

answer

He will reason that the situation could be worse, since he has opportunities to make back the points.

question

Studies show that children in Western and non-Western societies

answer

reason similarly about moral and social-conventional concerns.

question

Resilience is best viewed as a(n)

answer

capacity that enables children to use internal and external resources to cope with adversity.

question

In mother-custody families,

answer

boys are at greater risk for serious adjustment problems.

question

According to Erikson, school-age children can develop a sense of inadequacy when

answer

family life has not prepared them for school life.

question

Compared to children with siblings, only children

answer

attain higher levels of education.

question

Which of the following statements about school-age children's friendships is true?

answer

Trust is the defining feature of friendships in middle childhood.

question

According to self-reports, one-third of children qualify as

answer

average in peer acceptance.

question

What is the overriding factor in positive adjustment following divorce?

answer

effective parenting

question

Older school-age children are far less likely than younger children to describe themselves

answer

in extreme, all-or-none ways. `

question

As a group, neglected children

answer

are just as socially skilled as average children.

question

Emphasis on __________ in society and the media has major implications for young people's overall satisfaction with themselves.

answer

appearance

question

The best way to reduce bullying is to

answer

promote prosocial attitudes and behaviors

question

Children who develop learned helplessness

answer

attribute their failures, but not their successes, to ability.

question

Research shows that __________ may be the best way to reduce prejudice in children.

answer

long-term contact and collaboration among neighborhood, school, and community groups

question

Why is long-term therapy with both parents and children usually needed in treatment of sexual abuse?

answer

Sexual abuse typically appears in the midst of other serious family problems.

question

Cross-cultural research reveals that gender stereotyping of personality traits __________ steadily in middle childhood, becoming adultlike by age _____.

answer

increases; 11

question

In a longitudinal study, __________ third through seventh graders gained in self-esteem over the following year.

answer

gender-contented

question

By the end of middle childhood, most children

answer

regard gender typing as socially rather than biologically influenced.

question

encourages learned-helpless children to believe that they can overcome failure with effort.

answer

Attribution retraining

question

Findings that some girls' friendships are full of jealousy and that some boys' friendships often involve physical attacks suggest that

answer

aggressive children's social problems operate even within their close peer ties.

question

__________ children and __________ have the hardest time adjusting to blended-family relationships.

answer

older; girls

question

Most cases of school phobia

answer

appear around age 11 to 13.

question

Jie is a Chinese child. According to research on cultural differences in self-concept, which of the following self-descriptions is Jie likely to provide?

answer

"I'm in third grade."

question

About __________ of divorced parents marry again.

answer

two-thirds

question

Which of the following statements about maternal employment is true?

answer

Maternal employment leads fathers to take on greater child-care responsibilities.

question

Which of the following statements about peer victimization is true?

answer

Peer onlookers rarely intervene to help victims of bullying.

question

Research shows that appreciating mixed emotions can

answer

foster awareness of self-conscious emotions.

question

grows out of a warm, cooperative parent-child relationship based on give-and-take.

answer

Coregulation

Flashcards on Chapter 9 and 10

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards