question

Which of the following most accurately describes the sequence of pubertal development in girls

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breasts and pubic hair; growth spurt in which fat is deposited on hips and buttocks; first menstrual period; ovulation

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Although both sexes grow rapidly during adolescence, boys typically gain more than girls in their

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muscle strength

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For girls, the first readily observable sign of the onset of puberty is

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the onset of breast growth

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More than any other group in the population, adolescent girls are likely to have

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anemia

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The HPA axis is the

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route followed by many hormones to regulate stress, growth, sleep, and appetite

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For males, the secondary sex characteristic that usually occurs last is the

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the appearance of facial hair

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For girls, the specific event that is taken to indicate fertility is ____; for boys, it is ____

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menarche; spermarche

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The most significant hormonal changes of puberty include an increase of ____ in ____ and an increase of _____ in ____

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estradiol; girls; testosterone; boys

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A child who is chronically malnourished will likely

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begin puberty later than the normal age range

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Adolescents' improving ability to plan, reflect, and analyze is partly the result of maturation of the

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prefrontal cortex

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Today, adolescence tends to begin ____ and end _____

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earlier biologically; later sociologically

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Early physical growth and sexual maturation

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tend to be more difficult for girls than for boys

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Pubertal changes in growth and maturation typically are complete how long after puberty begins

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four years

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The hypothalamus/pituitary/adrenal axis triggers

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puberty; growth spurt; development of sexual characteristics

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One reason adolescents like intensity, excitement, and risk taking is that

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the limbic system matures faster than the prefrontal cortex

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Which of the following is the correct sequence of pubertal events in boys

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pubic hair, first ejaculation, growth spurt, lowering of voice, facial hair

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Which of the following statements about adolescent physical development is not true

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the lymphoid system increases slightly in size, and the heart increases by nearly half

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In puberty, a hormone that increases markedly in girls (and only somewhat in boys) is

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estradiol

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Nutritional deficiencies in adolescence are frequently the result of

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poor eating habits

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In females, puberty is typically marked by a

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significant widening of the hips

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Nonreproductive sexual characteristics such as the deepening of the voice and the development of breasts, are called

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secondary sex characteristics

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Puberty is initiated when hormones are released from the _____, then from the _____ gland, and then from the adrenal glands and the ______

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hypothalamus; pituitary; gonands

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If a girl under age 15 becomes pregnant, she is at greater risk for

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a low-birth weight baby; high blood pressure; stillbirth

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Alcohol impairs memory and self-control by damaging the

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hippocampus and prefrontal cortex

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The brain area that predominates in quick, emotional reactions is the

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limbic system

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The number of substantiated victims of sexual abuse is greatest among children ages

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12 to 15

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The secular trend refers to

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earlier growth of children due to improved nutrition and medical care

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Puberty is most accurately defined as the period

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of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that ends childhood

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Which of the following does not typically occur during puberty

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the lymphoid system decreases in size

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Teenagers' susceptibility to respiratory ailments typically ____ during adolescence, due to a _____ in the size of the lymphoid system

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decreases; decrease

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Many psychologists consider the distinguishing feature of adolescent thought to be the ability to think in terms of

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possibility, not just reality

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Piaget's last stage of cognitive development is

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formal operational thought

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The sunk cost fallacy is the mistaken assumption that

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because one has already spent time on something, one should spend more

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The adolescent who takes risks and feels immune to the laws of mortality is showing evidence of the

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invincibility fable

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Imaginary audiences and invincibility fables are expressions of adolescent

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egocentrism

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The typical adolescent is

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self-absorbed and hypersensitive to criticism

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When adolescents enter middle school, many

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experience a drop in their academic performance; show increased behavioral problems; lose connections to teachers

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The psychologist who first described adolescent egocentrism is

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David Elkind

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Thinking that begins with a general premise and then draws logical conclusions from it is called

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deductive reasoning

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Serious reflection on important issues is a wrenching process for many adolescents because of their newfound ability to reason

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hypothetically

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Hypothetical-deductive thinking is to contextualized thinking as

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rational analysis is to intuitive thought

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Many adolescents seem to believe that they love-making will not lead to pregnancy. This belief is an expression of the

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invincibility fable

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During middle school, aggressive children are often

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popular

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One problem with many high schools is that the formal curriculum ignores the fact that adolescents thrive on

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intellectual challenges that require social interaction

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A recent research study investigating teenage religion found that

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most adolescents identified with the same tradition as their parents

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Adolescents who fall prey to the invincibility fable may be more likely to

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engage in risky behaviors

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Thinking that extrapolates from a specific experience to form a general premise is called

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inductive reasoning

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Education during grades 7 through 12 is generally called

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secondary education

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When young people overestimate their significance to others, they are displaying

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adolescent egocentrism

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The imaginary audience refers to adolescents imagining that

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they are always being scrutinized by others

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The typical high school environment

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limits social interaction; does not meet the cognitive needs of the typical adolescent; emphasizes formal operational thought

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As compared to elementary schools, most middle schools exhibit all of the following except

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less individualized attention

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Which of the following is true regarding experiential thinking

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it is quicker and more powerful than formal operational thinking

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In explaining adolescent advances in thinking, sociocultural theorists emphasize

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the sudden change that occurs

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Analytic thinking is to ____ thinking as emotional force is to ____ thinking

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formal; intuitive

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One of the hallmarks of formal operational thought is

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symbolic thinking

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Analytic thinking and experiential thinking

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are really the same type of information processing

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The pathways that form the brain's dual processing networks involve the

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hypothalamus and amygdala

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In the US, the greatest divide between internet users and nonesers is now

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ethnicity

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To avoid a mismatch between its formal curriculum and the needs to adolescents, a middle school should

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treat students as individual learners

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According to Erikson, the primary task of adolescence is that of establishing

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an identity

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According to developmentalists who study identity formation, foreclosure involves

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accepting an identity prematurely, without exploration

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A large group of adolescent who share common interested is a

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crowd

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The main sources of emotional support for most young people who are establishing independence from their parents are

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peer groups

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For members of minority ethnic groups, identity achievement may be partciularly complicated because

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their cultural ideal clashes with the Western emphasis on adolescent self determination; peers, themselves torn by similar conflicts, can be very critical; parents and other relatives tend to emphasize ethnicity and expect teens to honor their roots

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In a crime-ridden neighborhood, parents can protect their adolescents by keeping close watch over activities, friends, and so on. This practice is called

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parental monitoring

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Conflict between adolescent girls and their mothers is most likely to involve

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bickering over hair, neatness, and other daily habits

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Destructive peer support in which one adolescent shows another how to rebel against authority is called

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deviancy training

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Adolescents who discuss sex openly with their parents

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take fewer risks; avoid peer pressure to have unwanted sex; believe that their parents provide useful information

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In a recent Disney movie, two high school students encourage each other to participate in the school musical. This type of peer influence is called

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peer facilitation

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If the vast majority of cases of a certain crime are committed by a small number of repeat offenders, this would indicate that the crime's

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incidence is greater than its prevalence

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13 yr old Adam, who never has doubted his faith, identifies himself as an orthodox member of a a particular religious group. A developmentalist would probably say that Adam's religious identity is

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foreclosed

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The early predictors of life-course-persistent offenders include all of the following except

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high intelligence

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Regarding gender differences in self-destructive acts, the rate of parasuicide is ____ and the rate of suicide is ____

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higher in females; higher in males

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Conflict between parents and adolescent offspring is

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more likely between daughters and their mothers

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Which of the following is not one of the areas of identity formation in Erik Erikson's theory

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social

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Which of the following is true of gender identity

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It is a person's self-definition as male or female

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Prevalence refers to

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how widespread a particular behavior is

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If the various vases of a certain crime are committed by many different offenders, this would indicate that the crime's

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incidence and prevalence are about equal

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Thinking about committing suicide is called

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suicidal ideation

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Which of the following was not noted in the text regarding peer relationships among gay and lesbian adolescents

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Homosexual men report that they do not become aware of their interests until age 17

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The adolescent experiencing identity diffusion is typically

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very apathetic

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Gender identity refers to a person's

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attraction toward a person of the same sex, the other sex, or both sexes

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Crime statistics show that during adolescence

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males and females are equally likely to be arrested

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Which of the following is the most common problem behavior among adolescents

answer

daily use of illegal drugs

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A time-out period during which a young person experiements with different identities, postponing important choices, is called an

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identity diffusion

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Comorbidity is the situation in which

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two or more unrelated illnesses occur together at the same time

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Which of the following is not true regarding the rate of clinical depression among adolescents

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It affects a higher proportion of teenage boys than girls

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Parent-teen conflict tends to center on issues related to

answer

daily details, such as musical tastes

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According to a review of studies from various nations, suicidal ideation is

answer

so common among high school students that it might be considered normal

Dev Psych Chpt 14, 15, 16 – Adolescence – Flashcards

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