Conditioning
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This occurs when a person learns to respond to a new ("conditioned") stimulus that does not naturally elicit a reponse. This occurs by pairing the conditioned stimulus with an "unconditioned" stimulus, which does naturally emit a response.________ occurs when a person learns to respond to a new stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response.
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Respondent Conditioning / Pavlovian conditioning
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Behavioral technique based on this principle, helpful for anxiety & phobias
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Systematic desensitization
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modification refers to the therapeutic application of learning theory principles
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Behavioral
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focuses on reforming thought in higher education by emphasizing epistemology and deconstruction
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postmodern feminism
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focuses on women's liberation by ending patriarchy
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radical feminism
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women are one among several classes of people who are devalued in a capitalistic society
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Marxist or socialist feminism
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women have special, unique characteristics that set them apart from men
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cultural feminism
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women and men should have equal rights and opportunities
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liberal feminism
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people belong to multiple, intersecting groups
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intersectionality
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different treatment based on group membership vs. merit
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Discrimination
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refers to making prejudgments, i.e., drawing an opinion about a person, group, or phenomenon without proof or strong evidence
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Prejudice
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placing undue or unequal constraints on people belonging to an identified group
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Oppression
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people with a shared identifiable characteristic that puts them at a greater risk than the larger society for social or economic oppression
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Population-at-risk
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is comprised of the shared characteristics (e.g., attitudes, values, goals, arts, language, religious beliefs) that characterize a society
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culture
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involves becoming skilled and knowledgeable in addressing the cultural needs of client systems
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cultural competence
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is the ability to achieve goals even in the midst of opposition. It can be based on force, authority, manipulation, or persuasive ability.
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Power
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refers to special benefits that come from elevated status.
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Privilege
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is elevated status based on occupation.
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Prestige
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is the process of increasing personal, interpersonal, or political power so that individuals can take action to improve their life circumstances
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Empowerment
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is a purposeful way of looking at clients in social work, in which we focus on client strengths to help solve problems and generate positive growth and development.
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strengths perspective
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is defined as the ability for a system to recover from adversity and resume functioning even when suffering serious trouble, confusion, or hardship
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Resiliency
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means carefully examining an idea, belief, or claim to come to an independent conclusion about what is and is not true.
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Critical thinking
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are general ideas about what is good and desirable.
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Values
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are principles based on values that guide behavior
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Ethics
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occur when values conflict and all possible courses of action are imperfect
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Ethical dilemmas
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combines systems theories and the ecological perspective together
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combined theory ecosystems theory.
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Social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise.
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Competence:
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Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner.
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Integrity:
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Social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships.
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Importance of human relationships:
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Social workers' primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems.
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Service:
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Social workers challenge social injustice.
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Social justice:
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Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person.
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Dignity and worth of the person:
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a coherent group of principles, concepts, and ideas organized to explain some observable occurrence or trend
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A theory is
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is a foundational concept in social work practice and refers to the dynamic interactions between people and their encompassing social environments.
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Person-in-environment
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an orderly, interrelated set of elements that together form a functional whole
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System
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reciprocal, dynamic connection between two systems
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Relationship
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culturally determined behavior expected of someone in a designated interpersonal relationship
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Role
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subordinate system that is part of a larger system
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Subsystem
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tendency of a system to maintain a steady state
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Homeostasis
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the border than identifies what is inside and outside of a system
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Boundaries
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energy, information, or communication entering a system from the outside environment
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Input
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the tendency of a system to move towards disorganization, depletion, and death
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Entropy
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the overall human systems, conditions, and interactions within which people live
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Social environment
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from the same beginning there can be many different outcomes (opposite of equifinality)
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Multifinality
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there are many different paths to achieving the same result
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Equifinality
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opposite of entropy, process of a system moving towards growth and development
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Negative entropy
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response of a system, after receiving and processing input, that affects other systems in the environment
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Output
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the tendency of a system to move from more simple to more complex states of being
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Differentiation
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the point at which two systems connect or communicate
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Interface
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a type of input in which a system receives positive or negative information about its performance
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Feedback
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the communications and interactions between people and other systems
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Transactions
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counsels, assists with problem solving and coping with stresses
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Enabler
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Helping to raise public transit between two neighbors about noise, neutral role, helps resolve disputes between systems
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Mediator
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organizes and brings people together to achieve goals
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Coordinator
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the mutual reliance of people and the systems with which they interact
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Interdependence
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a type of adaptation that implies that someone is struggling to adapt or overcome problems
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Coping
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the natural power occurring in the interactions between systems. Input and output are both forms of energy.
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Energy
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the ability to adjust to the larger environment
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Adaptation
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Working as a supervisor up in case management program administrative role in human services agency.
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Manager
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The social work role where one guides and directs a group encounter or gathering is the ________ role. Leading a strategic planning session for a community organization
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Facilitator
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The person or persons who call attention to an issue, calls attention to an issue, having a client has a grandchild with a former daughter in-law that is not allowing the grandparents to see their grandchild they are working with the clients
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Initiator
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non-neutral role that represents a system in gaining something from another system, like a mediator in finding agreement in conflict
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Negotiator
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One who speaks out on behalf of individuals, groups, or communities for equal treatment and resources. Contact an agency to urge the agency to allow your client to receive its services. speaks on behalf of a client system for fair treatment or needed resources
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Advocate
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Involves giving information and teaching skills to client and other systems, teaches skills and provides information to clients, providing training to Elders adults about elder abuse.
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Educator
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Researching whether the offender treatment program services reduces domestic violence assesses the effectiveness of programs and policies
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Evaluator
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links clients with resources and services..Connecting your clients with low-income housing, food stamps, and
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Broker
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an individual..This includes the individual's biological, psychological, and spiritual subsystems
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Micro system
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a small group..It can sometimes be difficult to distinguish between micro and mezzo in practice
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Mezzo system
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anything larger than a small group..includes communities, organizations, and large societal systems (e.g., the economy, the educational system, the criminal justice system), governmental policies, the broader cultural/social/political landscape
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Macro system
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In the social work ________ role, a worker helps a client system cope with various stresses ranging from crisis situations like divorce or job loss to community issues such as inadequate housing or daycare.
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Enabler
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Merging systems theories with an ecological perspective is sometimes referred to as
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Ecosystems Theory
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Arranging a community meeting for residents in their retirement community.
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Coordinator
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Collected eggs and sperm are placed directly into a fallopian tube. Resulting embyros can then drift into the uterus. Only occurs in clear and healthy tubes.
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Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
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current emphasis on encouraging couples to adopt special needs children. People pursuing adoption often seek international adoption.
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Adoption
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most common form is intrauterine insemination
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Artificial insemination (AI)
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involves artificial use of sperm only
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(IUI)
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involves manipulation of both egg and sperm
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Assisted Reproductive Technology
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helping people cope with grief and other difficult emotions, and helping them make decisions
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enabler
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when couples disagree about how to proceed
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mediator
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informing clients about options and procedures
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educator
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connecting clients with needed resources
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broker
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evaluating the effectiveness of different fertility clinics and appropriateness of different technologies
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analyst/evaluator
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if clients are unable to access services
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advocate
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to do with how members of a society classify one another based on physical characteristics; this can result in different societies having differing definitions of race.
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A social definition of race has
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involves various concepts overall, it does not introduce new practice approaches, but rather emphasizes adapting SW practice to be culturally sensitive and practices emphasizes empowerment, the strengths perspective, and culturally competent practice
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Ethnic sensitive practice
