Sociology Chapter 14 – Education, Health, and Medicine – Flashcards
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the social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values
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education
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formal instruction under the direction of specially trained teachers
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schooling
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Structural-Function Analysis focus on ways in with schooling supports the operation of stability of society: 1 - Socialization 2 - Cultural Innovation 3 - Social Integration 4 - Social Placement 5 - Latent Functions
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The Functions of Schooling: Structural-Function Analysis
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Symbolic-interaction approach were people create the reality they experience in their day-to-day interactions. The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
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Schooling and Social Interaction: Symbolic-interaction approach
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when you treat a person a certain way because you expect them to act a certain way, they act accordingly. example: hostile vs. nonhostile person.
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The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
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This approach emphasizes three ways in which schooling causes an perpetuates social inequality. 1 - Social control 2 - Standardized Testing 3 - Tracking
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Schooling and Social Inequality: Social-conflict analysis
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Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis viewed schools in the nineteenth century based on capitalist factory owners' need for an obedient and disciplined workforce.
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assigning students to different types of educational programs
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tracking
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a lack of the reading and writing skills needed for everyday living
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functional illiteracy
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the social institution that focuses on fighting disease and improving health
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medicine
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a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
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health
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the study or how health and disease are distributed throughout a society's population
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social epidemiology
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an intense type of dieting or other unhealthy method of weight control driven by the desire to be very thin
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eating disorder
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assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease; also known as "mercy killing"
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euthanasia
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an approach to health care that emphasizes prevention of illness and takes into account a person's entire physical and social environment
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holistic medicine
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a medical care system in which the government owns and operates most medical facilities and employs most physicians
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socialized medicine
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a medical care system in which patients pay directly for the services of physicians and hospitals
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direct-fee system
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an organization that provides comprehensive medical care to subscribers for a fixed fee
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health maintenance organization (HMO)
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patterns of behavior defined as appropriate for people who are ill
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sick role
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the social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values
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education
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formal instruction under the direction of specially trained teachers...its extent is tied to its level of economic development...transforms social privilege into personal merit
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schooling
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People who expect others to act in certain ways often encourage that very behavior
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The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
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"Blue Eyes-Brown Eyes" Experiment...stereotypes and the hate that often comes with them
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Jane Elliott
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social control, standardized testing, tracking
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social inequality
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Assigning students to different types of educational programs
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tracking
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challenges the structural-functional idea that schooling develops everyone's talents and abilities...overlooks the extent to which schooling provides upward mobility to the talented from all backgrounds and challenges social inequality on many fronts
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social conflict analysis
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Socialization, cultural innovation, social integration, social placement, latent functions
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Structural functional analysis
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"of the parish" Catholic schools
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Parochial
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have smaller classes, demanding coursework, greater discipline...students outperform those in public schools
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private schools
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Difference in funding between rich and poor communities result in unequal resources
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Public schools
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Families who value schooling, read to their children, encourage the development of imagination
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Social capital
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is an important influence on school performance...differences in home and local neighborhood matter most in children's learning
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home environment
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reason for education gap between minorities and whites
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economic differences
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knowledge that prepares people for their future jobs
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practical learning
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Society that evaluates people based on schooling...helps those who are already advantaged and hurts those who are already disadvantaged
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Credentialed society
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A lack of the reading and writing skills needed for everyday living
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Functional illiteracy
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Creates a market for education so parents and students can shop for best value
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School choice
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Offers special facilities and programs to promote educational excellence
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Magnet schools
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Public schools that have more freedom to try new policies and programs
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Charter schools
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School systems operated by private, profit-making companies rather than government
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Schooling for profit
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Including students with disabilities in the education program
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Mainstreaming
