question

Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?

answer

Thalamus

question

To monitor the electrical activity in the brain that is triggered by hearing one's own name, researchers would make use of a(n)

answer

EEG

question

The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the

answer

Hypothalamus

question

After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. She has probably suffered damage to her

answer

Cerebellum

question

When people were shown happy and angry faces, their ________ was found to activate in response to the angry faces.

answer

Amygdala

question

Which region of the brain appears to have the oldest evolutionary history?

answer

Brainstem

question

Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

answer

Medulla

question

If you lose a finger, the somatosensory cortex that received its input will begin to pick up signals from the neighboring fingers. This best illustrates the value of

answer

Plasticity

question

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in speaking?

answer

Frontal

question

The visual cortex is located in the

answer

Occipital Lobes

question

Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating moral judgments?

answer

Frontal Lobe

question

The regions of the parietal lobes that are involved in mathematical and spatial reasoning are known as

answer

Associated Areas

question

The ability to focus our attention in order to learn a complex concept best illustrates the value of

answer

Consciousness

question

Many research participants who were focused on repeating a spoken list of words failed to notice a change in the identity of the person reciting the words. This best illustrated

answer

Change Deafness

question

Normally sighted people whose visual cortex is temporally disabled with magnetic stimulation can nevertheless sense the emotion expressed in pictured faces. This best illustrates our capacity for

answer

unconscious information processing.

question

The simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is most closely associated with

answer

unconscious mental activity.

question

Some neuroscientists believe that synchronized activity across different regions of the brain is a sign of

answer

conscious awareness.

question

A skilled tennis player's brain and body respond automatically to an oncoming serve before becoming consciously aware of the ball's trajectory. This best illustrates our capacity for

answer

dual-processing.

question

Which sleep disorder is most likely to be accompanied by sleepwalking and sleeptalking?

answer

Night Terrors

question

Bright light inhibits our feelings of sleepiness by influencing the production of

answer

Melatonin

question

Which sleep disorder is most strongly associated with obesity?

answer

Sleep Apnea

question

Alpha waves are associated with

answer

A relaxed and awake state

question

The large, slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep are called

answer

Delta Waves

question

The neural activation theory provides a physiological explanation for

answer

Dreaming

question

A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is known as ________ sleep.

answer

REM

question

Chronic sleep deprivation is most likely to contribute to...

answer

Suppression of the Immune System

question

The discomfort and distress following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug best illustrates

answer

Withdrawal

question

Hallucinations similar to those that accompany the near-death experience can be produced by

answer

Oxygen Deprivation

question

Felix can't remember the conversation he had with his girlfriend yesterday when he was intoxicated with alcohol. His memory failure is most likely a result of the way alcohol

answer

Suppresses REM Sleep

question

The experience of vivid geometric images and dreamlike scenes is most likely to be triggered by

answer

LSD

question

Which of the following psychoactive drugs produces the quickest and most powerful rush of euphoria?

answer

Cocaine

question

Young women can become addicted to alcohol ________ quickly than young men because they have ________ of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol.

answer

More : Less

question

Nicotine triggers a(n) ________ in anxiety and a(n) ________ in mental alertness.

answer

Decrease : Increase

question

As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of

answer

Tolerance

question

Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.

answer

Personality Traits

question

Identifying the interactive influence of specific DNA sequences and child-raising practices on the development of traits such as anxiety best illustrates the specialty area known as

answer

molecular behaviour genetics

question

Compared with fraternal twins, identical twins are...

answer

more similar in their risk of developing autism spectrum disorder and more similar in risk of being emotionally unstable.

question

Heritability refers to the extent to which trait variations among individuals are attributable to their differing

answer

Genes

question

Researchers studying mice have found that in utero exposure to certain chemicals can cause genetically identical twins to have different colored fur. This is best explained by the fact that genetically linked traits can be modified by

answer

Epigenetic Marks

question

wo individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are

answer

Fraternal Twins who were raised apart

question

Identical twins who have separate placentas are somewhat less similar than identical twins who share a placenta. This best illustrates the influence of ________ on development.

answer

Prenatal Environments

question

Adopted children are especially likely to have similar ________ if raised in the same home.

answer

Attitudes

question

Mark thinks that language development over the life span requires a slow but steady shaping process. His belief is most directly relevant to the issue of

answer

Continuity and Stages

question

Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of

answer

Stability and Change

question

The best evidence that newborns possess visual memory capabilities comes from research on

answer

Habituation

question

By a week after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' ________ and that of another nursing mother.

answer

Smell

question

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a

answer

Concept of Conservation

question

A child's realization that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of

answer

Theory of Mind

question

Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of others' emotional states is most characteristic of

answer

autism spectrum disorder.

question

Compared with the children of authoritarian parents, the children of authoritative parents are

answer

more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.

question

The process of imprinting occurs during a brief developmental phase known as

answer

A Critical Period

question

Adolescents' sense of what's fair is most likely to change from simple equality to what's proportional to merit when they achieve

answer

Formal Operations

question

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by

answer

Erikson's psychosocial development theory.

question

Research on teen social relationships indicates that most adolescents

answer

like their parents.

question

The speed of neurotransmission in the frontal lobe increases during adolescence due to the growth of

answer

Myelin

question

The sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive to most people that they immediately recognize it as shamefully immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect

answer

affectively laden intuitions.

question

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.

answer

Post-conventional

question

arrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) ________ morality.

answer

Pre-Conventional

question

During adolescence, maturation of the ________ lags behind maturation of the ________.

answer

frontal lobes : limbic system

question

The scientific study of behaviour without reference to mental processes was of special interest to

answer

B.F. Skinner

question

Compared with the structuralists, early behaviourists were much less likely to focus on the study of

answer

Thinking

question

In the context of debates over the origins of ideas, nature is to nurture as ________ is to Locke.

answer

Descartes

question

Who was the functionalist who authored a textbook for the emerging discipline of psychology?

answer

William James

question

Professor Schroeder argues that children have an innate concept of justice that enables them to distinguish between fair and unfair rules. This argument is most consistent with the views of

answer

Plato

question

The early school of psychology that used introspection to reveal the mind's makeup was known as

answer

Structuralism

question

Edward Titchener was concerned primarily with the study of

answer

Sensory Experiences

question

Inherited traits are to learned habits as the ________ perspective is to the ________ perspective.

answer

evolutionary; behavioural

question

Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective.

answer

Evolutionary

question

The tendency to perceive meaningful patterns in random sequences of outcomes often leads us to underestimate the extent to which outcomes result from

answer

Chance

question

In a well-controlled experiment, researchers seek to minimize

answer

Confounded Variables

question

A negative correlation between people's work-related stress and their marital happiness would indicate that

answer

higher levels of marital happiness are associated with lower levels of work-related stress

question

In drug-treatment studies, double-blind procedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could be attributed to

answer

placebo effects

question

Which of the following processes typically takes place shortly after people complete their participation in a research study?

answer

debriefing

question

Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called

answer

Endorphins

question

The peripheral nervous system consists of

answer

sensory and motor neurons.

question

An axon transmits messages ________ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ________ the cell body.

answer

Away From : Towards

question

The endocrine system consists of

answer

Glands

question

The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine ________ blood pressure and ________ blood sugar levels.

answer

raises : raises

question

As needed, the sympathetic nervous system ________ blood sugar levels and ________ the pupils of the eyes.

answer

Raises : dilates

question

A drug molecule that increases the release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic gap is a(n)

answer

Agonist

question

Depressed mood states are linked to ________ levels of serotonin and ________ levels of norepinephrine.

answer

Low : Low

question

Nativism : knowledge is Innate

answer

Plato

question

Philosophical Empiricism : Knowledge is Acquired through Experience

answer

Aristotle

question

Dualism : Subjective Experience & Physical World linkage

answer

Rene Descartes

question

The mind is what he brain does

answer

Thomas Hobbes

question

Brain and Mind are Linked

answer

Franz Joseph Gall

question

Introspection : Recording of raw sensory experience

answer

Structuralism

question

Functionalism : Mental Function...drew from Darwin's evolution and theory of natural selection

answer

William James

question

Consciousness could be broken down into its Constituent Parts

answer

Wilhelm Wundt

question

Evolution and Theory of Natural Selection

answer

Charles Darwin

question

Psychoanalytic Perspective : The Unconscious shapes thoughts and behaviour : Dynamic active system : Internal Struggle

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

Classical Conditioning : Dogs

answer

Ivan Pavlov

question

Behaviourism

answer

John B. Watson & B.F. Skinner

question

The study go mental processes : perception, memory and reasoning

answer

Cognitive Psychology

question

Noam Chomsky

answer

Cognitive Psychology

question

Evolutionary Psychology

answer

John Garcia & E.O. Wilson

question

Social Psychology

answer

Study interpersonal behaviour

question

Dendrite

answer

relay information to neuron : Inflow

question

Axon

answer

Outflow of information

question

Myelin Sheath

answer

Essential for Neuro-Communication

question

Glia Cells

answer

form the Myelin Sheath

question

Synaptic Space

answer

Point where Axon and Dendrite meet

question

Antagonists

answer

Chemicals which inhibit communication between neurones

question

SSRI's

answer

Selective Seretonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors : Help with Depression

question

Central Nervous System

answer

Brain and Spinal Cord

question

Depression

answer

Too little Serotonin stimulation

question

Peripheral Nervous System

answer

Somatic (voluntary movement of muscles) & Autonomic System (Self Regulated)

question

Autonomic Function

answer

Sympathetic (arousing) & Parasympathetic (calming)

question

Cerebellum

answer

fine motor skills

question

Thalamus

answer

Switchboard : Not Smell

question

Limbic System

answer

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, amygdala and hippocampus

question

Hypothalamus

answer

Regulates hunger

question

Pituitary Gland

answer

Hormone production

question

Hippocampus

answer

New memory formation

question

amygdala

answer

Emotion and Memory : Sensory

question

Cerebral Cortex

answer

Hemispheres : Right & Left

question

Corpus Callosum

answer

Highway connecting Hemispheres

question

Occipital Lobe

answer

Visual Cortex

question

Temporal Lobe

answer

Auditory Processing

question

Parietal Lobe

answer

Touch : Somatosensory Cortex

question

Frontal Lobe

answer

Motor Cortex : Speech : Movement

question

Motor Cortex

answer

Sends signals to Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum

question

Abstract Thinking : Judgement

answer

Frontal Lobe

question

Joint Attention

answer

Communication through Outward cues : eyes or nod

question

Attention Regions

answer

Prefrontal Cortex & Thalamus

question

Prefrontal Cortex

answer

Working Memory : Brief

question

Thalamus

answer

Filter : Focus

question

Sleep Stage One

answer

Hypnagogic Dreams

question

Sleep Stage Two

answer

Sleep Spindles : K Complex : Synchronous Activity

question

Stages Three and Four

answer

Deep Sleep : non-REM : Large Oscillations EEG

question

REM Sleep

answer

RapidEyeMovement : Fast EEG : Paralysis

question

Activation Synthesis Model

answer

Generated Symbols : Imposing Meaning

question

REM cycle

answer

90 minutes

question

Insomnia

answer

Most Prevalent sleeping disorder

question

Zygote

answer

fertilized egg

question

Germinal Stage

answer

Zygote begins to divide

question

Embryonic Stage

answer

2nd week - 8th week : Gender Development

question

FetalPeriod

answer

Beginning of week 9 : Myelination :

question

Developmental Psychologist : Schemas :

answer

Jean Piaget

question

Assimilation

answer

Car : anything with 4 wheels

question

Accommodation

answer

Truck, Van and Car all have 4 wheels : Refinement

question

Schemas

answer

Altered throughout lifespan

question

Sensorimotor Stage

answer

0 - 2 years old

question

Object Permanence

answer

Infants lack

question

PreOperational Stage

answer

2 - 7 years old

question

Pre-School Children

answer

Egocentric

question

Formal Operational

answer

11+ years old

question

The mind is a blank slate

answer

John Locke

question

Evolutionary psychology

answer

the study of the evolution of behaviour and the mind, using principles of natural selection

question

Behavioural genetics

answer

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behaviour

question

Biopsychosocial approach

answer

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological and social - cultural levels of analysis. Offering a more complete picture of any given behaviour or mental process

question

John B. Watson

answer

Behaviorist

question

Biopsychosocial Approach : Levels of Analysis

answer

Biological : Psychological : Social - Cultural

question

Positive Correlation

answer

2 values increase or decrease together

question

Negative correlation

answer

2 values diverge from each other

question

3 Neuron Types

answer

Sensory : Motor : Interneurons

question

MRI

answer

Anatomy

question

EEG : PET : fMRI

answer

Brain Functionality

question

Limbic

answer

Emotion

question

Pituitary

answer

Master Gland

question

Developmental Psychologists

answer

Physical : Mental : Social changes ....3 issues of focus Nature & Nurture : Continuity and Stages : Stability and Change

question

reward center

answer

Hypothalamus

question

selective attention

answer

change : inattention blindness

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