Combo with "Ch. 13 Learning Curve Review" and 1 other – Flashcards
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Where did the Americans who migrated to Oregon in the 1840s primarily settle?
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The Willamette Valley
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General Winfield Scott led American forces in an invasion of Mexico in 1847 and marched 260 miles to capture what site?
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Mexico City
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What book did Harriet Beecher Stowe write that increased northern sentiment against slavery?
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
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John Brown intended to end which institution by his raid at Harpers Ferry in 1859?
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Slavery
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What was the name given to the Mexican elite of California?
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Californios
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What position did John C. Calhoun take on the question of the admission of California?
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Congress could not legally ban slavery from any territory.
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The Republican Party was least likely to be supported by which group?
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Anti-Immigration nativists
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Where was the federal arsenal that abolitionist John Brown attacked in 1859?
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Harpers Ferry, Virginia
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What name is given the belief in a god given American cultural and racial superiority that lay behind the desire to make the entire continent part of American Democracy?
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Manifest Destiny
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Why did the Fugitive Slave Act prove to be the most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850?
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The new law denied people accused of being runaways of fundamental rights.
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In the election of 1860, what proportion of the popular vote did Lincoln win?
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40 percent
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Who were the first Indians to develop a specialized horse culture?
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Comanches
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In 1849, what group made up most of the migrants who came to California by land and sea to mine for gold?
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white men
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What did the events in Kansas suggest would be the result of the popular sovereignty policy?
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violence
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Who was Abraham Lincoln's political role model?
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Henry Clay
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What connection did John L. O' Sullivan's term "manifest destiny" have to American expansion of the nineteenth century?
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The phrase embodied the dreams of American expansionists.
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Why did the Whigs select Zachary Taylor as their candidate for the presidency in 1848?
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He was a war hero
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Why was Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin so successful with readers?
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It highlighted the cruelty of slavery with heartrending power.
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When did the Republican Party gain support in the North and Midwest?
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When the Democratic Party split over the Lecompton constitution in Kansas
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What was the slogan of Polk's Democratic campaign in 1844?
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"Fifty-four forty or fight!"
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What term did Democratic presidential candidate Lewis Case use in 1848 to refer to his plan to allow residents of a territory to decide on slavery?
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Squatter sovereignty
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Why did President Franklin Pierce want to buy the land from Mexico that became the Gadsden Purchase?
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To build a transcontinental railroad
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Why did Buffalo herd of the northern plains begin to shrink in the 1830s?
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Sloux Indians and other plain tribes began to trade buffalo hides with European fur traders.
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Which president pursued his ambition of acquiring Texas, New Mexico, and California for the United States even at the risk of war?
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James K. Polk
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Opposition to what action led some Democrats to join the Republican Party when it formed in the mid-1850s?
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act
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After losing reelection to the House of Representatives and withdrawing from politics, opposition to what event led Abraham Lincoln to return to politics?
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Which plain tribe came to dominate the northern Great Plains by 1830s?
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Lakota Sioux
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Why did the free-soil concept achieve significant popular support?
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It stressed protection of white economic oppurtunity
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What was the primary agenda of the Know-Nothing Party?
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Nativism
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What positions did Lincoln support on the Mexican War while serving one term in Congress?
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Both the war and the Wilmot Proviso
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What was the name of the written statement, issued by the American diplomats in Europe in 1854, that justified the U.S seizure of Cuba?
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The Ostend Manifesto
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What statement describes Lincoln's politics in 1854?
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He was a Republican and former Whig who supported a gradualist view on abolition.
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What was the cause of "Oregon fever?"
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Reports of potential harbors and fertile soil in Oregon.
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The admission of what state prompted the Compromise of 1850?
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California
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What was the new party created in 1854 to oppose the expansion of slavery?
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The Republican Party
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Why was the Liberty Party important in the 1844 presidential election?
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Its votes decided the election.
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What abolitionist, inflamed by the sack of the free-soil town of Lawrence, Kansas, led the vigilantes who took revenge on proslavery settlets in the "Pottawatomie massacre?"
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John Brown
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Lincoln's ambition propelled him into politics after having been raised by what kind of father?
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A struggling yeoman farmer.
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Who was the American merchant who lived in CA under the Mexican regime in the early 1820s?
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Thomas Larkin
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What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo stipulate?
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Payment to Mexico of $15 million from the U.S. in return for vast tracts of land.
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What was the ruling in the Ableman v. Booth court case?
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The Wisconsin Supreme Court declared that the Fugitive Slave Act violated the rights of Wisconsin's citizens.
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Lincoln's famous "House Divided" speech was an attack on what event?
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The Dred Scott decision
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What indigenous animal sustained many Great Plains tribes in the 1800s?
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Buffalo
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How did President John Tyler hope to secure his reelection in 1844?
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By running as a Democrat in favor of acquiring both Oregon and Texas.
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Which proposal was intended to prohibit slavery in any territories acquired from Mexico as a result of the Mexican-American War?
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The Wilmot Proviso
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Why did James K. Pol win the presidential election of 1844?
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Henry Clay's stand on Texas cost him the election.
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Whom did President James K. Polk dispatch to CA in 1835 to lead a heavily armed "exploring" party?
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John C. Fremont
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Which part of the Compromise of 1850 was the most controversial after passage?
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The terms of the Fugitive Slave Act
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Which statement describes the outcome of the election of 1860?
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The vote was divided along strictly sectional lines
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By 1870, what was the major agricultural product of CA?
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Wheat
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What event proved to be the last nail in the coffin of the Second Party System and contributed directly to the emergence of the Republican Party?
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Why did Californios raise cattle in the 1820s to the 1840s?
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The hide and tallow trade
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In 1818, the U.S. and Great Britain established joint occupation of what areas?
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Oregon
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How did Americans settling in CA in the 1820s and the 1830s differ from American settlers in Texas?
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They assimilated into Mexican culture
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How was Texas annexed by the U.S.?
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When Congress approved a joint resolution to that effect
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How did Democrats build up support for the annexation of Texas in 1844?
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By linking Texas to the Oregon question.
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In the 1840s, the U.S. Navy published a glowing report about the harbors in what area?
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Puget Sound
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In response to federal passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, northern states passed what kinds of laws?
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Personal-liberty laws.
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Why did most Californios who had lived in CA before the gold rush lose their land?
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Their land claims were ignored or illegally reduced.
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Which statement describes James Buchanan, who was elected president in 1856?
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His actions in Kansas raised fears that he was part of a slave owners' conspiracy.
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Why did the idea of popular sovereignty on the slavery question appeal to so many Americans in 1850?
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It linked the resolution of the sectional conflict to republican ideology.
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Instead of agreeing to President Franklin Pierce's offer to buy more Mexican territory, Mexican officials agreed to sell a small amount of land earmarked by James Gadsden that would be used for what purpose?
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Construction of a transcontinental railroad.
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Why did Calhoun fear the annexation of large swaths of Mexican territory south of the Rio Grande?
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He feared that such an annexation would mean the addition of racially inferior people.
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Why did President James K. Polk retreat from his demand for "fifty-four forty or fight"?
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He had begun a war with Mexico and wanted to avoid a simultaneous one with Britain.
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From which party did political opposition to the Mexican-American War primarily come
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whigs-believed in the american system, valued economic development over expansion, and they opposed war
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How did Americans settling in California in the 1820s and 1830s differ from American settlers in Texas
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they took in mexican culture-americans settling in california often married into mexican families and adopted their cultures
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Why did President Franklin Pierce want to buy the land from Mexico that became the Gadsden Purchase
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to build a transcontinental railroad
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Where were most of the gold deposits located
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on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada
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How did Democrats build up support for the annexation of Texas in 1844
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by linking texas to the oregon question-Polk and Democrats linked its annexation to the end of join British-American occupation in oregon which was a popular issue with northerners
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What was the name given to the Mexican elite of California
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Californios
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What was the primary agenda of the Know-Nothing Party
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nativism (protecting the interests of natives as opposed to immigrants)
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What was the ruling in the Ableman v. Booth court case
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the wisconsin supreme court declared that the fugitive slave act violated the right's of wisconsin citizens-took a traditionally southern states' rights position and denied the authority of the federal courts to review its decision
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What event proved to be the last nail in the coffin of the Second Party System and contributed directly to the emergence of the Republican Party
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the kansas-nebraska act-so unpopular it destroyed the whig party, hurt the democratic slightly, and motivated the creation of the republican party thus ending the second party system
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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allowed the people in kansas and nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their border
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In 1849, what group made up most of the migrants who came to California by land and sea to mine for gold
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white men
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Why did most Californios who had lived in California before the gold rush lose their land
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their land claims were reduced or illegally reduced-hundreds of americans had set up farms on the barely used land and pressured local land commissioners and judges to void or reduce the size of many grants
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In the 1840s, the U.S. Navy published a glowing report about the harbors in what area
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puget sound-harbors there which new england merchants trading with china were already using as american interest in oregon significantly increased
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What was the slogan of Polk's Democratic campaign in 1844
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"fifty-four forty or fight!"-he campaigned for the occupation of oregon
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Why was Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin so successful with readers
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it highlighted the cruelty of slavery
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What abolitionist, inflamed by the sack of the free-soil town of Lawrence, Kansas, led the vigilantes who took revenge on proslavery settlers in the "Pottawatomie massacre"
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john brown
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What name is given the belief in a god-given American cultural and racial superiority that lay behind the desire to make the entire continent part of American democracy
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manifest destiny
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what are was left unorganized under the compromise of 1850
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nebraska territory
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Which part of the Compromise of 1850 was the most controversial after passage
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the terms of the fugitive slave act
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fugitive slave act
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required all escaped slaves were to be returned to their masters upon being captured and that this were to be incorporated into the law
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Why did James K. Polk win the presidential election of 1844
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henry clay's stand on texas cost him the election-he supported the annexation of texas which angered some people
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What term did Democratic presidential candidate Lewis Cass use in 1848 to refer to his plan to allow residents of a territory to decide on slavery
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squatter sovereignty-legal method of allowing residents of a territory to decide on slavery
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Why did social divisions among the Kiowa Indians intensify in the 1830s
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the new horse culture created big distinctions of wealth
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Wilmot Proviso
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said that new territories could decide whether to be a free or slave state
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"slavery follows the flag"
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planters could take their slave property into new territories-won support in deep south
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Compromise of 1850
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5 separate laws-1. fugitive slave act, 2. california is a free state, 3. resolved boundary dispute between new mexico and texas in favor of new mexico, 4. abolished slave trade (not slavery), 5. organized new land and gave them popular sovereignty
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Personal-liberty laws
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guarantee to all residents the right to a jury trial
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Gadsden Purchase
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Pierce wanted extensive Mexican lands south of Rio Grande but settled for smaller portion-Arizona and New Mexico
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Ostend Manifesto
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people wanted Pierce to get Cuba-northern democrats opposed
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Freeport Doctrine
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territory's residents could exclude slavery by not adopting laws for it
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How was Texas annexed into the United States
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after a joint resolution in 1844 by congress
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How was Texas annexed by the United States
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when Congress approved a joint resolution to that effect
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In response to federal passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, northern states passed what kinds of laws
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personal-liberty laws-increasing legal rights of northern residents
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what was true about the election of 1860?
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it was divided along sectional lines
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How did President John Tyler hope to secure his reelection in 1844
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by running as a democrat in favor of acquiring both oregon and texas-hoped to appeal to northern and southern democrats
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Why did the discovery of gold in California affect the national debate on slavery
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california wanted to be a free state in 1850, this would have blocked slavery in the west
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Opposition to what action led some Democrats to join the Republican Party when it formed in the mid-1850s
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kansas-nebraska act
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The Republican Party was least likely to be supported by which group
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anti-immigration nativists
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What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo stipulate
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payment to mexico of $15 million from the United States in return for vast tracts of land
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Why did the free-soil concept achieve significant popular support
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it emphasized the protection of white economic opportunity
