question

The knowledge, language, values, customs, and material objects that are passed from person to person and from one generation to the next in a human group or society

answer

Culture

question

Physical and tangible creations that members of society make, use, and share

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Material culture

question

What are the four nonmaterial components of culture that are common to all societies?

answer

Symbols, language, values, and norms

question

Customs and practices that exist in all societies and include activities and institution such as storytelling, families, and laws

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Cultural universals

question

Anything that meaningfully represents something else

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Symbol

question

A set of symbols that expresses ideas and enables people to think and communicate with one another

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Language

question

The proposition that language shapes the view of reality of its speakers

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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

question

Collective ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, and desirable or undesirable in a particular culture

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Values

question

The values and standards of a behavior that people in a society profess to hold

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Ideal culture

question

The values of standards and behavior that people actually follow

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Real culture

question

Established rules of behavior or standards of conduct

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Norms

question

Rewards for appropriate behavior or penalties for inappropriate behavior

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Sanctions

question

Informal norms or every day customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture; right or rude

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Folkways

question

Strongly held norms with moral and ethical connotations that may not be violated without serious consequences in a particular culture; right and wrong

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Mores

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Mores so strong that their violation is considered to be extremely offensive and even unmentionable

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Taboos

question

Formal, standardized norms that have been enacted by legislators and are enforced by formal sanctions

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Laws

question

The knowledge, techniques, and tools that allow people to transform resources into usable form, and the knowledge and skills required to use them after they are developed

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Technology

question

William Ogburn's term for a gap between the technical development of a society (material culture) and it's moral and legal institutions (nonmaterial culture)

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Cultural lag

question

Areas that include people who share a common culture and who are typically from similar social, religious, political, and economic backgrounds

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Homogeneous societies

question

Areas that include people dissimilar in regard to social characteristics such as religion, income, or race/ethnicity

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Heterogeneous societies

question

A category of people who share distinguishing attributes, beliefs, values, and/or norms that set them apart and some significant manner from the dominant culture

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Subculture

question

A group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles

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Counterculture

question

The disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures radically different from their own and believe they cannot depend on their own taken-for-granted assumptions about life

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Culture shock

question

The practice of judging all other cultures by one's own culture

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Ethnocentrism

question

The belief that the behaviors and customs of any culture must be reviewed and analyzed by the cultures own standards

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Cultural relativism

question

Classical music, Opera, ballet, live theater, and other activities usually patronized by elite audiences, composed primarily of members of the upper-middle and upper classes, who have the time, money, and knowledge assumed to be necessary for its appreciation

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High culture

question

Activities, products, and services that are assumed to appeal primarily to members of the middle and working classes. These usually include rock concerts, spectator sports, movies, and television soap operas and sitcoms.

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Popular culture

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The extensive infusion of one nation's culture into other nations

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Cultural imperialism

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True or False: Culture refers to the values, beliefs, behavior, and material things that form a way of life.

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True

question

True or False: An example of nonmaterial culture would be the types of vehicles people use to get around.

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False

question

True or False: Experiencing an unfamiliar culture can generate culture shock.

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True

question

True or False: Symbols refer to anything that carries meaning that is recognized by people who share a culture.

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True

question

True or False: The Census Bureau reports that only 10 different languages are spoken in the United States.

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False

question

True or False: Symbols allow people to make sense of their surroundings.

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True

question

True or False: Cultural transmission cannot take place unless people have a written language.

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False

question

True or False: In high-income countries such as the United States, everyone has the ability to read and write.

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False

question

True or False: Values are standards that serve as broad guidelines for living.

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True

question

True or False: Mores are norms that have great moral significance.

answer

True

question

True or False: Across the United States, mores vary more than folkways.

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False

question

True or False: Values and norms help to define a society's "ideal culture."

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True

question

True or False: Technology refers to knowledge people use to make a way of life in their surroundings.

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True

question

True or False: The Amish way of life accepts most of the U.S.'s popular culture.

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False

question

True or False: Japan is more multicultural than the United States.

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False

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True or False: Most people participate in numerous subcultures without necessarily becoming very committed to any of them.

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True

question

True or False: Cultural lag refers to the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others.

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True

question

True or False: Cultural change results from invention, discovery, and diffusion.

answer

True

question

True or False: Cultural relativism means using your own cultural standards to evaluate another culture.

answer

False

question

The process by which one generation passes culture to the next

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Cultural transmission

question

The process of spreading culture from one location to the next

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Cultural diffusion

question

Are society and culture interdependent?

answer

Yes

question

Name some core American values.

answer

Individualism, achievement and success, activity and work, science and technology, progress and material comfort, efficiency and practicality, equality, morality and humanitarianism, freedom and liberty, and ethnocentrism.

question

States what behavior is appropriate or acceptable

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Prescriptive norms

question

States what behavior is inappropriate or unacceptable

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Proscriptive norms

question

What is the relationship between values and human behavior?

answer

Ideal and real culture

question

Who was the US sociologist who established the difference between folkways and mores?

answer

William Graham Sumner

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