question

Gender differences in the prevalence of depression may be partly due to the fact that when stressful experiences occur: A) women tend to act, while men tend to think. B) women tend to think, while men tend to act. C) women tend to distract themselves by drinking, while men tend to delve into their work. D) women tend to delve into their work, while men tend to distract themselves by drinking.

answer

B) women tend to think, while men tend to act.

question

The criteria for classifying behavior as psychologically disordered: A) vary from culture to culture. B) vary from time to time. C) vary by culture and with time D) have remained largely unchanged over the course of history.

answer

C) vary by culture and with time

question

Most mental health workers today take the view that disordered behaviors: A) are usually genetically triggered. B) are organic diseases. C) arise from the interaction of nature and nurture. D) are the product of learning.

answer

C) arise from the interaction of nature and nurture.

question

The view that all behavior arises from the interaction of heredity and environment is referred to as the __________ approach. a. biopsychosocial b. psychoanalytic c. medical d. conditioning

answer

a. biopsychosocial

question

Which of the following is the most pervasive of the psychological disorders? A) depression B) schizophrenia C) bipolar disorder D) generalized anxiety disorder

answer

A) depression

question

Which of the following is not true concerning depression? A) Depression is more common in females than in males. B) Most depressive episodes appear not to be preceded by any particular factor or event. C) Most depressive episodes last less than 3 months. D) Most people recover from depression without professional therapy.

answer

B) Most depressive episodes appear not to be preceded by any particular factor or event.

question

Which of the following is not true regarding schizophrenia? A) It occurs more frequently in people born in winter and spring months. B) It occurs less frequently as infectious disease rates have declined. C) It occurs more frequently in lightly populated areas. D) It usually appears during adolescence or early adulthood.

answer

C) It occurs more frequently in lightly populated areas.

question

Evidence of environmental effects on psychological disorders is seen in the fact that certain disorders, such as ________, are universal, whereas others, such as ________, are culture-bound. A) schizophrenia; depression B) depression; schizophrenia C) antisocial personality; neurosis D) depression; anorexia nervosa

answer

D) depression; anorexia nervosa

question

The effect of drugs that block receptors for dopamine is to: A) alleviate schizophrenia symptoms. B) alleviate depression. C) increase schizophrenia symptoms. D) increase depression.

answer

A) alleviate schizophrenia symptoms.

question

The diagnostic reliability of DSM-IV: A) is unknown. B) depends on the age of the patient. C) is very low. D) is relatively high.

answer

D) is relatively high.

question

Because of some troubling thoughts, Carl recently had a PET scan of his brain that revealed excessive activity in the anterior cingulate area. Carl's psychiatrist believes that Carl suffers from: a. schizophrenia b. a mood disorder c. a personality disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

answer

d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

(Thinking Critically) The term insanity refers to: A) legal definitions. B) psychotic disorders only. C) personality disorders only. D) both psychotic disorders and personality disorders.

answer

A) legal definitions

question

Phobias and obsessive-compulsive behaviors are classified as: A) anxiety disorders. B) mood disorders. C) dissociative disorders. D) personality disorders.

answer

A) anxiety disorders.

question

According to the social-cognitive perspective, a person who experiences unexpected aversive events may develop helplessness and manifest a(n): A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) dissociative disorder. C) personality disorder. D) mood disorder.

answer

D) mood disorder.

question

Which of the following was presented in the text as evidence of biological influences on anxiety disorders? A) Identical twins often develop similar phobias. B) PET scans of persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder reveal unusually high activity in an area of the frontal lobes. C) Drugs that dampen fear-circuit activity in the amygdala also alleviate OCD. D) All of the above were presented.

answer

D) All of the above were presented.

question

Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of: A) smell. B) vision. C) hearing. D) touch.

answer

C) hearing.

question

When expecting to be electrically shocked, people with an antisocial disorder, as compared to normal people, show: A) less fear and greater arousal of the autonomic nervous system. B) less fear and less autonomic arousal. C) greater fear and greater autonomic arousal. D) greater fear and less autonomic arousal.

answer

B) less fear and less autonomic arousal.

question

Hearing voices would be a(n) ________; believing that you are Napoleon would be a(n) ________. A) obsession; compulsion B) compulsion; obsession C) delusion; hallucination D) hallucination; delusion

answer

D) hallucination; delusion

question

In treating depression, a psychiatrist would probably prescribe a drug that would: A) increase levels of acetylcholine. B) decrease levels of dopamine. C) increase levels of norepinephrine. D) decrease levels of serotonin.

answer

C) increase levels of norepinephrine.

question

When schizophrenia is slow to develop, called ________ schizophrenia, recovery is ________. A) reactive; unlikely B) process; likely C) process; unlikely D) reactive; likely

answer

C) process; unlikely

question

Which of the following is true concerning abnormal behavior? A) Definitions of abnormal behavior are culture-dependent. B) A behavior cannot be defined as abnormal unless it is considered harmful to society. C) Abnormal behavior can be defined as any behavior that is distressful. D) Definitions of abnormal behavior are based on physiological factors.

answer

A) Definitions of abnormal behavior are culture-dependent.

question

The psychoanalytic perspective would most likely view phobias as: A) conditioned fears. B) displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses. C) biological predispositions. D) manifestations of self-defeating thoughts.

answer

B) displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses.

question

Many psychologists believe the disorganized thoughts of people with schizophrenia result from a breakdown in: A) selective attention. B) memory storage. C) motivation. D) memory retrieval.

answer

A) selective attention.

question

Research evidence links the brain abnormalities of schizophrenia to ________ during prenatal development. A) maternal stress B) a viral infection contracted C) abnormal levels of certain hormones D) the weight of the unborn child

answer

B) a viral infection contracted

question

The fact that disorders such as schizophrenia are universal and influenced by heredity, whereas other disorders such as anorexia nervosa are culture-bound provides evidence for the ________ model of psychological disorders. A) medical B) biopsychosocial C) social-cultural D) psychoanalytic

answer

B) biopsychosocial

question

Our early ancestors commonly attributed disordered behavior to: A) \"bad blood.\" B) evil spirits. C) brain injury. D) laziness.

answer

B) evil spirits.

question

In general, women are more vulnerable than men to: A) external disorders such as anxiety. B) internal disorders such as depression. C) external disorders such as antisocial conduct. D) internal disorders such as alcohol abuse.

answer

B) internal disorders such as depression.

question

Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered behaviors is not true? A) Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders. B) Labels promote research studies of psychological disorders. C) Labels may create preconceptions that bias people's perceptions. D) Labels may influence behavior by creating self-fulfilling prophecies.

answer

A) Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders.

question

(Thinking Critically) Nicholas Spanos considers dissociative identity disorder to be: A) a genuine disorder. B) merely role-playing. C) a disorder that cannot be explained according to the learning perspective. D) a biological phenomenon

answer

B) merely role-playing.

question

Which neurotransmitter is present in overabundant amounts during the manic phase of bipolar disorder? A) dopamine B) serotonin C) epinephrine D) norepinephrine

answer

D) norepinephrine

question

After falling from a ladder, Joseph is afraid of airplanes, although he has never flown. This demonstrates that some fears arise from: A) observational learning. B) reinforcement. C) stimulus generalization. D) stimulus discrimination.

answer

C) stimulus generalization.

question

Which of the following provides evidence that human fears have been subjected to the evolutionary process? A) Compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to our species' survival. B) Most phobias focus on objects that our ancestors also feared. C) It is easier to condition some fears than others. D) All of the above provide evidence.

answer

D) All of the above provide evidence.

question

Which of the following is true of the medical model? A) In recent years, it has been in large part discredited. B) It views psychological disorders as sicknesses that are diagnosable and treatable. C) It emphasizes the role of psychological factors in disorders over that of physiological factors. D) It focuses on cognitive factors.

answer

B) It views psychological disorders as sicknesses that are diagnosable and treatable

question

(Thinking Critically) Psychoanalytic and learning theorists both agree that dissociative and anxiety disorders are symptoms that represent the person's attempt to deal with: A) unconscious conflicts. B) anxiety. C) unfulfilled wishes. D) unpleasant responsibilities.

answer

B) anxiety.

question

Behavior is classified as disordered when it is: A) deviant. B) distressful. C) dysfunctional. D) all of the above.

answer

D) all of the above.

question

Most practitioners find the DSM-IV-TR a helpful and practical tool despite its a. failure to emphasize observable behaviors in the diagnostic process b. learning theory bias c. medical model bias d. psychoanalytic bias

answer

c. medical model bias

question

Which of the following is not a symptom of schizophrenia? A) inappropriate emotions B) disturbed perceptions C) panic attacks D) disorganized thinking

answer

C) panic attacks

question

Social-cognitive theorists contend that depression is linked with: A) negative moods. B) maladaptive explanations of failure. C) self-defeating beliefs. D) all of the above.

answer

D) all of the above.

question

According to psychoanalytic theory, memory of losses, especially in combination with internalized anger, is likely to result in: A) learned helplessness. B) the self-serving bias. C) weak ego defense mechanisms. D) depression.

answer

D) depression.

question

Among the following, which is generally accepted as a possible cause of schizophrenia? A) an excess of endorphins in the brain B) being a twin C) extensive learned helplessness D) a genetic predisposition

answer

D) a genetic predisposition

question

a disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, feelings, and thoughts

answer

dissociative disorder

question

approach that considers behavior disorders as illnesses that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured.

answer

medical model

question

psychological disorders marked by emotional extremes

answer

mood disorders

question

intense fear of being scrutinized by others

answer

social phobia

question

approach that considers behavior disorders to be the result of biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences

answer

biopsychosocial approach

question

an extremely elevated mood

answer

mania

question

a disorder characterized by repetitive thoughts and actions

answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

a group of disorders marked by disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inapropriate emotions and action

answer

schizophrenia

question

a false sensory experience

answer

hallucination

question

a sudden escalation of anxiety often accompanied by a sensation of choking or other physical symptoms

answer

panic attack

question

positive psychological changes stemming from dealing with an extreme crisis

answer

post-traumatic growth

question

a rare somatoform disorder

answer

conversion disorder

question

a disorder formerly called muliple personality disorder

answer

dissociative identity disorder

question

an axiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear of specific object or situation

answer

phobia

question

a neurotransmitter for which there are excess receptors in some schizophrenia patients

answer

dopamine

question

an anxiety disorder makred by episodes of intense dread

answer

panic disorder

question

an individual who seems to have no conscience

answer

antisocial personality

question

a neurotransmitter that is overabundant during mania and scarce during depression

answer

norepinephrine

question

a neurotransmitter possibly linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder

answer

serotonin

question

a type of mood disorder

answer

bipolar disorder

question

false beliefs that may accompany psychological disorders

answer

delusions

question

a fear of situations in which help might not be available during a panic attack

answer

agoraphobia

question

disorder in which bodily symptoms occur without an apparent physical cause

answer

somatoform disorder

question

misinterpreting normal physical senstations as disease

answer

hypochondriasis

question

deviant, distressful, and dysnfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions

answer

psychological disorders

question

provides diagnostic guidelines and categories that aid mental health professionals by providing a common language and shared concepts for communication and research

answer

DSM-IV-TR

question

feel persistently and uncontrollably tense and apprehensive for no apparent reason

answer

generalized anxiety

question

symptoms include four or more weeks of haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and sleep problems following some traumatic and uncontrollable event

answer

post-traumatic stress disorder

question

experiences two or more weeks of seriously depressed moods, feelings of worthlesness, and diminished interest and pleasure in most activities

answer

major depressive disorder

PSY 100 Ch 13

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