Chapter 25 History Terms and People
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Herbet Hoover
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Republican president who was the president during the Great Depression.
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Stock Market of 1929
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plunge in stock makets prices that marked the beginning of the Great Depression.
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Great Depression
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the serious and worldwide economic decline of the 1930s.
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speculation
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buying and selling risky items in the hope of making a quick profit.
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credit
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arrangement for delaying payment of a loan or purchase.
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economic depression
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severe economic slump.
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Frankline Delano Roosevelt (FDR)
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democratic president who created the New Deal to counter the effects of the Great Depression
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First New Deal
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1933-1935 program created by President Roosevelt to fight the Depression.
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20th Amendment
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constitutional amendment moving presidental inauguration from March to January.
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Hundred Days
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March 9 to mid-June 1933 congressional session in which many laws designed to fight the Depression were passed.
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fireside chats
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series of radio talks in which FDR explained his policies in a casual style.
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Second New Deal
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1935-1937 extension of Roosevelts First New Deal; focused on social reform.
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Social Security Act
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law creating fund for assisting retired workers and the unemployed.
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deficit spending
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using borrowed money to fund governement programs.
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socialism
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economic system in which members of a society own businesses equally.
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Dust Bowl
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region including parts of Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, and New Mexico in which farms were damaged by dust storms.
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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wife of FDR who helped him monitor New Deal programs and became a strong voice for women and minorities.
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Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
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labor union; included skilled and unskilled workers; open to women and minorities.
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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
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largest labor union; more selective than CIO.
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sit-down strike
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union tactice in which workers stayed idle in a plant rather than walking out.
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Liberal
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someone who favors federal government action to bring about social and economic reform.
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Conservative
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someone who favors restricted policies in social and economic reform.
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The Works Progress Administration (WPA)
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helped writers find employment.
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John Steinbeck
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he was the result of a significant writer of literature;wrote the grapes of wrath; tells of Okies evited from their farms.
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The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
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created in 1934-continues to monitor the stock market. It makes sure companies and individuals follow fair practices for buying and selling stocks.
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
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a government funded organization that would give loans directly to banks and railroads.
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Apporved Public Works Project
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government funded projects to assist individuals, families, and communities in need. Most Famous Project is The Hoover Dam.
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FDIC
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
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1832 Bonus Army
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World War I veterans who came to Washington seeking early payment of bonuses for wartime service.
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General MacArthur
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drove out the Army. some stayed live in Hoovervilles.
