APUSH Periods 3+4

Natives lost most of their land as result of French and Indian War and revolution Divided Iroquois, leads to demise of powerful Iroquois confederacy During revolution, sided with the British (Proclamation of 1763) Colonists began attacking Natives War of 1812: one reason we fought- British encouraged Natives to attack us in Great Lakes Natives continued to lose land and chose wrong side to support

Race, gender, ethnicity, religion Difference between patriots and loyalists (loyal to crown) Relationship between VA and Massachusetts as rebel colonies Women: Daughters of Liberty Sons of Liberty People begin to think differently about themselves and their role in society Religion: people who stay Anglican and everybody else After the war, Federalist and Antifederalist, states rights vs federal supremacy

Hamilton Wanted economy to be based on industry, developing their own economy National Bank Wanted to take over state debt because national debt was good, small permanent national debt keeps money flowing through economy, good for government to have business relationships Wanted to reestablish relationship with British Supported tariff, not super high but enough to protect domestic manufacturing Articles of Confederation- issue with economics

Native Americans lost out, attacked all the time, colonists took out anger on them After revolution, no one to stop Americans from westward expansion Puts an end to Native American attempt to fight back

Locke- life, liberty, pursuit of happiness, right of revolution (if govt is not protecting your natural rights, you have right to overthrow them) Theories of representation After revolution, push for women and African Americans Brings up question of slavery- how is that protecting life and liberty? States in North begin to abolish slavery, South disagrees Women begin to question their rights and role in society Republican Motherhood- role created for women to raise good citizens Loyalists to the crown lose power and have land confiscated Catholics gain power because French are Catholic, Anglicans lose power More power for Scotch-Irish in back country (they had hated British) republicanism

Right of revolution= idea that if the govt is not protecting your rights, you have the right to overthrow them The Enlightenment, Locke

Debate over whether the Constitution should be ratified Split great because many think that Federalists are acting illegally, not protecting the rights of the people, and centralizing power like the British Led to split early in the United States between those who wanted state's power and federal supremacy→ immediately led to the Bill of Rights, formation of political parties over interpretation of Constitution

France and Spain involved We exploited the French and British rivalry, they supported us because they hated the British Spain was allied with France because of their religious background

What did the British do to make people hate them even more? Taxation Proclamation line Stamp Act Sugar Act Tea Act Townshend Duties British reasserting control after leaving them under salutary neglect for so long

Political Culture- who's in charge, how politics are run Articles of Confederation Made articles really weak so they wouldn't go back to anything like the British rule Very loose government in reaction to the oppression of the British

War of 1812 first time we defeated someone else Huge lopsided victory at Battle of New Orleans Start celebrating America in literature and art, less copying Europeans People more convinced that we are here to stay as a country Took form in art, literature, and symbolism- star spangled banner, celebration of things uniquely American

Immigration Questions of expansion of voting Celebrating America but who is American and who should participate in American politics Most of the states get rid of voting requirements and taxing on voting Nativism- very very anti Catholic- fear that Catholics are loyal to Pope, not a country Era of Reform- mild push for women's rights and suffrage, what is the role of women in this democracy?

Sets himself up to be the hero of the common man Westerner who's not "Washington elite" Built reputation on fact that he was outsider and not elite Rise of common man tied to him but not because of him Economically not a common man- rich, slave owner, Congressman Before, JQ Adams was president- rich, son of president Jackson appealed because he was so different from JQ Adams Voting opened up to so many people- new ways of campaigning

Cotton Gin Southern cotton economy explodes Develop relationship where they have cotton to sell to everyone, very connected to the North (they have the factories for cotton) and England who buy their cotton Re intenses slavery Plantation elite still dominated Southern politics and social life Huge transformation with cotton economy It is always dangerous whenever you have a place that relies on one thing for their economy Southerners getting an overconfident sense of their importance- thought North and England depended on them

Turnpikes Canals- connected agriculture in West with industry in the North Trains- start in 1830s and blow up in 1850s, made places more connected, easier to transport stuff and people, corrupt industry (govt gave money to companies to produce trains and they would pocket the money), beginnings of industrial regulations (govt regulated them after the Civil War), enemy of the farmers (screw over small farmers and support big farms) Telegraph Towns popped up near trains and telegraphs new inventions encouraged a huge boom in industry and relationship between West and East

Immigration Immigrants coming in- huge labor force helping with industrialization Catholics coming over, huge anti-Catholic force Irish have bad reputation for taking jobs, being drunks, and having too many kids Germans more respected but Catholic Germans less than Protestant Germans (pretty excepted compared to Irish) Movements of Native Americans- Trail of Tears and indian wars in Ohio Valley- issues with the Natives After War of 1812, Natives try to fight back- Tecumseh Seminole War in the South Indian removal in SouthEast 5 major groups: Seminole, Cherokee, Chawksaw, etc Whites found gold on Indian land, wanted it People moving West for land and opportunity and it was becoming less isolated from the East Slavery had been pretty much abolished throughout the North

North and West have more connections South on its own North abolished slavery, West didn't need slaves because the types of things they were farming weren't conducive and they had new technology that allowed them to produce a lot of stuff without slaves, South still needed slaves Technology in some ways helped prevent the movement of slavery in the MidWest

Common Man, mass politics, getting the common man more involved in politics, growing influence of the West on politics Indians, slaves, and women left out of Jacksonian democracy Jackson was a slave owner and slavery retrenched in the South during his presidency nothing good happened for women during his time in politics Jackson divided the nation the changes he made only benefited white males West was mad at him because he didn't pass internal improvements South was mad at him because of the high tariff and he didn't support them in the nullification issue increasing sectionalism- the South starts to realize they are not being paid attention to in national politics

the South had cotton West and North ended up very connected after transportation improvements South left out and not connected South doesn't have roads, canals, or railroads that the North and West do political isolation: rapid growth in North and West, they dominate in House of Representatives needed to preserve balance in the Senate for the South

First time election thrown to House of Representatives Political process under Constitution proved to work Peaceful transition from Federalists to Jeffersonian Democrats Jefferson believed on country based on farming, more state power than federal power, opposed the National Bank and national debt Opposed the National Bank because he believed it wasn't constitutional, nto given to the govt as a power under the constitution Viewed constitution very strictly 10th amendment- states rights amendment (not given to govt or states in constitution, it should be given to the states) When Jefferson strayed from his ideals was a slave owner but saw slavery as immoral had to compromise on internal improvements- believed they were important enough to do despite the lack of constitutional amendment Louisiana Purchase (1803)- best thing under his presidency, nothing in the constitution allowed him to buy the land west between Appalachian mnts and Mississippi River from the French, but he did it because it was beneficial for the people, specifically the farmers has to develop a small navy under Jefferson, they did not renew the Bank Bill hypocrite or realist?

We said we went to war because of impressment- they were stealing our ships and taking our people to fight for them Britain supported Native America in their attempt to take land back in the Great Lakes We tried to take Canada from Britain Growing power of the West encouraged us Violation of neutral shipping- we were trying to sell to Britain and France, but they were highjacking our ships so we could not sell to anyone British had better Navy (made us more mad than French)