question

1) In what way was Latin American different from the other regions that remained outside the direct control of Western imperialism?

answer

During the century of imperialism, Latin America cast off previous colonial controls through revolution

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2) Which of the following was NOT one of the beliefs that Latin America shared with the West during the 19 century?

answer

Belief in absolute monarchy

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3) Which of the following events was rejected by Creole elites as a model of revolution because of excessive radicalism?

answer

French revolution

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4) What was the impact of the Haitian independence movement on Latin America?

answer

creole elites viewed it as a horrible example of social upheaval

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5) How was Brazilian independence achieved?

answer

Pedro the prince of Brazil declared independence.

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6) In what way was the government of independent Brazil different from those of the other newly created Latin American nations?

answer

It was a monarchy

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7) In what way was the experience of the Napoleonic wars different for Portugal than for Spain?

answer

The royal family fled the country and sailed to Brazil

question

8) Which of the following statements concerning the Diaz government in Mexico is most accurate?

answer

Under the guise of modernization, the forms of Liberal government were maintained but were subverted in order to keep Diaz in power

question

9) Which of the following statements is most accurate? (About Catholocism in L.A.)

answer

While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths

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10) Which of the following statements concerning Argentina between 1880 and 1920 is most accurate?

answer

The immigration of European laborers led to an increasingly radical work force and the development of Socialist Party by the 1890s

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11) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the economy of Latin America in the period from 1880 to 1920?

answer

Latin America experienced a spurt of economic growth fueled by the increasing demand for raw materials, food stuffs, and tropical crops

question

12) Which of the following was not a weakness associated with the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century?

answer

Conversion of much of the population to Christianity

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13) By the 1870s, the Ottoman Empire

answer

had been driven from virtually all of the Balkans

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14) Which of the following statements concerning the Muslim economy at the beginning of the 18th century is most accurate?

answer

Merchants within the empire, especially those who were Jews or Christians, grew more dependent on commercial dealings with European counterparts.

question

15) Which of the following statements concerning the reforms of Mahmud II is most accurate?

answer

Mahmud patterned his reform program on Western precedents, including the creation of diplomatic corps.

question

16) Which of the following was not part of the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire?

answer

Elimination of religious protection for minority religious groups

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17) Which of the following reforms resulted from the coup in the Ottoman Empire of 1908?

answer

The Constitution of 1876 was restored

question

18) The following reforms undertaken by Muhammad Ali failed?

answer

Build up of an Egyptian industrial sector

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19) What was the result of the rebellion by the Egyptian army officers in 1882?

answer

the Khedive called on the British to crush the rebellion resulting in British overlordship of Egypt

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20) Which of the following statements concerning the Manchu government is most accurate?

answer

Though Manchus occupied a disproportionate number of the highest political positions, there were few limits on Chinese promotions within the imperial bureaucracy

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21) In what area did the Manchus attempt to take strong measures of reform?

answer

alleviating rural distress and unrest

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22) What accounts for the general failure of Manchu attempts at reform?

answer

enormous population growth and the disappearance of open lands

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23) All the following signs of dynastic decline were apparent in the Qing regime by the beginning of the 19th century EXCEPT

answer

Failure of foreign commerce

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24) What was the impact of the British opium trade on China?

answer

within years chinas favorable balance of trade was reversed and silver began to flow out of the country

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25) What was the outcome of the Opium war?

answer

Forced China to open trade and diplomatic exchanges

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26) What was the political and social position of the Manchu rulers at the end of the 19 century?

answer

The manchu rulers stubornly resisted the far reaching reforms that were the only hope of saving regime/ chinese civilisation Relied on divisions between the provincial officials and between the European powers to maintain their positions

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27) Of the following regions, which defied the common pattern of growing Western domination in the 19 century?

answer

Russia and Japan

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28) Which of the following statements concerning the development of Russia and Japan to 1900 is NOT accurate?

answer

Both Russia and Japan to achieved economic autonomy and a share in the West's core position

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29) Which of the following represents a significant difference between Russia and Japan?

answer

Russia engaged in selective borrowing from Western models by 1700.

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30) Which of the following reflects a significant similarity between Japan and Russia during the period of industrialization prior to 1914?

answer

Both Japan and Russia had prior experience of imitation, Japan from China and Russia from Byzantium and the West.

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31) Which of the following accounts for Russia's lack of significant revolution in 1830 and 1848?

answer

Political repression

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32) To the following statements concerning Russian territorial expansion is most accurate?

answer

No massive acquisitions marked the early 19th century, but Russia continued to be an aggressive competitor for territorial expansion

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33) Which of the following statements best describes the Russian economy at the beginning of the 19 century?

answer

in return for low-cost grain exports, Russia and other east European areas imported Western luxury goods for teh great aristocrats to display as badges of respectability

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34) What accounted for the West's victory over Russia in the Crimean war?

answer

The western nations won not because of superior tactics or inspired principles, but because of industrial advantages

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35) Which of the following statements concerning the emancipation of the serfs in Russia is most accurate?

answer

In addition to personal freedom, the serfs were granted parcels of land subject to redemption payments

question

36) All of the following were reforms introduced in Russia in the 1860s and 1870s EXCEPT

answer

the creation of the Duma, a national parliament

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37) What was the first step towards industrialization in Russia?

answer

Russia began to create an extensive railroad network

question

38) Which of the following statements concerning the capitalization of Russian industry is most accurate

answer

By 1900, half of the Russian industry was foreign

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39) By 1900, how successful was the Russian industrialization program?

answer

By 1900, Russia had surged to fourth rank in the world in steel production and was second to the United States in the newer area of petroleum production

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40) All the following were part of the rising tide of unrest in Russia during the second half of the 19th century EXCEPT

answer

the Orthodox Church

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41) What was the general goal of the Russian intelligentsia?

answer

political freedom, social reform, and retention of Russian culture

question

42) Which of the following statements about Russian Marxism is most accurate?

answer

Lenin introduced important innovations in Marxist theory, including the idea that a proletarian revolution could take place without going through a middle-class phase.

question

43) Which of the following did not contribute to working-class radicalism in 19th-century Russia?

answer

absence of unions

question

44) Which of the following Russian developments was not adopted in other Eastern European states?

answer

Economic autonomy from the West.

question

45) Which of the following statements concerning the Tokugawa Shogunate in the 19 century is most accurate?

answer

The Shogunate continued to combine a central bureaucracy with semi-feudal alliances with regional daimyos and the samurai.

question

46) The \"dependency theory\" of economic development is associated with what political group?

answer

Communists

question

47) Which of the following statements concerning Tokugawa intellectual and cultural life is most accurate?

answer

Literacy in Japan reached levels higher than anywhere else outside the West.

question

48) Which of the following was not an advantage of Japan over China In the competition to assume leadership and to establish industrialization in Asia?

answer

Japan's leadership was less secular and bureaucratic than that of China.

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49) Which of the following statements concerning Japanese political reforms in the period of the Meiji state is not accurate?

answer

Samurai, destroyed by the removal of government stipends, were banned from participation in the Meiji Diet.

question

50) Which of the following statements concerning the status of women in post independence Latin America is most accurate?

answer

Following independence, women gained little ground and there was virtually no change in the attitudes toward women's proper role in society

question

51) What was the primary difference between the reformed Japanese government and reformed Russian institutions by 1914?

answer

Government control also helped check the many foreign advisors needed by early Japanese industry; here, Japan maintained a closer supervision that its Russian neighbor.

question

52) Which of the following beliefs is not associated with the concept of \"modernization\" or \"Westernization\"?

answer

Change would take place through radical or revolutionary transitions rather than gradually

question

53) Which of the following statements concerning Japanese industrialization prior to World War I is correct

answer

Japan needed exports to pay for machine and resource imports

question

54) One of the major similarities between Japanese and Russian industrialization was the fact that

answer

scarce capital and unfamiliarity of new technology compelled state direction

question

55) Which of the following Western cultural characteristics was NOT adopted by large numbers of Japanese?

answer

Christianity

question

56) Which of the following factors did NOT account for the economic stagnation in Latin America from 1820 to 1850?

answer

Absence of foreign markets for raw materials

question

57) Which of the following descriptions of the politicians who led Liberal governments in post 1860 Latin American is NOT accurate?

answer

They favored expansion of the franchise to Indians and mestizos who represented the \"ancient\" aspects of Latin American civilization

A Rejection of Imperialism

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