Development and Transformation of Social Structures

An idea which advocated the belief in a hereditary membership of the nation

A system of racial segregation between a white minority and nonwhite majority.

South Africa and Latin America

Greece and Italy

Sati was a social funeral practice among some Indian communities in which wives were required to throw their selves into their husband's funeral pyre.

Before the 1500s the Indian Caste System viewed men as superior to women in their caste. However, women in a higher caste were superior to men in a lower caste, demonstrating the gender and social inequalities in South Asia during this period.

Initially, foot binding indicated a woman's social status. It showed that she was of a superior class and did not have to work; she could be carried from place to place by servants, which resulted in an increase in the restriction of freedom of women. Later foot binding was practiced throughout East Asian society and small feet were regarded as a sign of female beauty.

Conflict derived from the imbalance of power that the patrician class had over the plebeians. Only the patricians had the opportunity to hold high offices in government even though the vast majority of the Roman population was made up of plebeians. Government leaders were not paid making it impossible for plebeians to serve. The patricians used their economic power to oppress the disadvantaged plebeian class by denial their basic rights.

Conflict between plebeians and patricians was based on the patrician class not giving plebeian's basic rights; as a result the Twelve Tablets became the center piece of the Roman Republics constitution, and made concessions that resulted in stabilizing the long social struggle between patricians and plebeians

Hindu social and economic system Varna, or caste system, divided the society of South Asian into five groups based on social and economic standings. The caste system became very complex and ingrained in both the social and economic classes of Hindu society. There was no mobility allowed within the classes and you were born, married and died within your caste.

In 1893, New Zealand was the first country to allow women the right to vote.

The Feminist movement in the 20th century roots extends back to the 18th century ideas of Enlightenment movement such as: individual rights, freedom, and participation in government by all classes.

The Encomienda System was the social and economic system that granted the right to demand labor of native Indians, the Amerindians, by the encomendero, the Spanish settler landowner. In return for this labor supply the encomendero was responsible for safeguarding the natives' health and safety.

The social classes that resulted from the new empire were a multicultural and economically diverse society. The Peninsulares, the highest and economically well off class came directly from Spain, their descendants were the Creoles. The mix of European and natives were the mestizos and the mix of African and European were the mulattoes. At the bottom of the social order were the Native and African mix class called the zambos.

In 1861, Czar Alexander II freed the serfs with the hope that it would put an end to social unrest and economic prosperity would be achieved in Russia through increase in agricultural output. The Russian government compensated landowners for the loss of land and serfs.

Although Czar Alexander II hoped that setting the serfs free would cause an increase in productivity in Russia's agricultural output, there was little change. Some emancipated serfs did remain on the land, but many moved to cities and became the new urban workforce in Russia's push for industrialization, but new social problems occurred as a result of industrialization.

Confucian Orthodoxy was a form of Confucianism also known as Korean Confucianism, which was influenced by neo-Confucianism in China. It was a fundamental part of Korean society, and shaped the moral system, the way of life, social relations, culture, and was the basis for the legal system. This form of Confucianism also placed many restrictions on women and greatly affected family life.

In every level women were considered to be in a lower position than men. Women were no longer allowed to raise their children in their parents home, widowed and divorced women were no longer allowed to get remarried, women were not allowed to inherit property, and women were not allowed multiple marriages.

1.too dense, Japan lacked the space need to facilitate a large population 2.scarcity of resources, with a large population and a small area of land resources were be too limited, and life would become much tougher.

late marriages, contraception, abortion, and infanticide