Final Exam: Chapter 14 key notes and questions
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Creoles
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Persons of full blooded European descent who were born in the Spanish American colonies.
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Enlightenment
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Intellectual movement in eighteenth-century Europe stresing natural laws and reason as the basis of authority.
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Forbidden City of Beijing
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Palace city of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
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Oceania
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Collective name for the lands of Australia and New Zealand and the islands of the southwest Pacific Ocean.
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Palace of Versailles
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The palace complex, eleven miles away from the French capital of PAris, built by Louis XIV in the 1670s and 1680s to house and entertain his leading clergymen and nobles, with the hopes of diverting them from plotting against him.
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Peninsulares
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Spaniards who, although born in spain, resided in the spanish colonial territories. They regarded themselves as superior to Spaniards born in the colonies (creoles)
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Philosophes
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Enlightenment thinkers who applied scientific reasoning to human interaction and society as opposed to nature.
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Scientific Method
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Method of inquiry based on experimentation in nature. Many of its principals were first laid out by the philosopher Sir Francis Bacon (1562-1626), who claimed that real science entailed the formulation of hypotheses that could be tested in carefully controlled experiments.
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Taj Mahal
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Royal palace of the Mughal Empire, built by Shah Jahan in the seventeenth century in homage to his wife, Mumtaz.
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What was the role of the ottoman Tekkes schools?
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The role of the ottoman Tekkes schools were to teach students how to become sufi masters. Sufi masters promoted social and religious solidarity among the Muslim subjects of the empire.
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How did literary culture of late Ming and early Qing China affect elite women's lives?
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Because elite woman could now write it changed the way men thought about them. Not only could women be great wives but they could also be great writers and even in some cases publishers.
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Why did Ming China escape the sectarian warfare that ravaged Europe?
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The Chinese saw the enforcement of orthodox values and social order as a political issue instead of a religious one.
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Why did the chinese devote a great deal of attention to astronomy and calendrical science?
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They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work.
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For what reason did the chinese take little interest in the maps brought by Matteo Ricci?
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The maps challenged their belief that the world was flat. His maps showed that the world was a sphere. Matteo Ricci's maps also showed that China was just one country among many others. They complained he treated the Ming Empire as a small unimportant country. He placed China closer to the center of the maps and provided additional textual information. Still, his maps had a negative impact as neither the earths shape nor precise scale was important to chinese geographers.
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How did popular culture in Tokugawa Japan subvert its social order?
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Those who were usually considered inferior - Actors, musicians , courtesans, and others seen as possessing low morals- became idols. This burst of power now gave people with these low morals a new social status which was disliked by the hierarchy.
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What type of significant artwork was produced by the Oyo Empire and Benin?
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Stunning bronzes were produced by the Oyo Empire and Benin. West African bronzes reflect ruler's power and there peoples high esteem.
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What ideas did European Enlightenment thinkers hold in common?
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They wanted to improve their societies and search for universal, objective knowledge.
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Francis Bacon's method of scientific inquiry asserted which of the following?
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Conducting experiments were the only way that humans could begin to understand the workings of nature.
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What types of characteristics did Carolus Linnaeus use to define racial categories?
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He used physical appearance and form of governance
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Which of the following did Captain Cook and Christopher Columbus have in common?
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They both kidnapped native people and took them home to study
